摘要: 目的 掌握西安市蜚蠊种类、密度、粘捕率、分布特点及季节消长等情况，为蜚蠊防制措施的制定和爱国卫生工作提供科学依据。方法 按照地理方位在西安市东、南、西、北共选择6个区（县），每个区（县）选择宾馆、餐饮行业、超市、居民区、农贸市场和医院共6个监测点，奇数月中旬监测，采用粘捕法，晚放晨收，将捕获蜚蠊鉴定种类，计算蜚蠊密度和粘捕率，各月平均密度和平均粘捕率之间采用Pearson相关性检验，城区和郊区成虫性别差异采用χ²检验，城区及郊区各月平均密度和平均粘捕率采用t检验进行统计学分析。结果 2015－2018年共捕获蜚蠊2 742只，其中美洲大蠊2只，其余均为德国小蠊。平均蜚蠊密度为0.18只/张，平均粘捕率为4.72%，2015年蜚蠊密度和粘捕率均最高，分别为0.36只/张和7.03%，基本呈逐年下降趋势。危害最严重的生境是餐饮行业，密度和粘捕率分别为0.40只/张和8.85%，超市应引起注意；蜚蠊密度和粘捕率季节消长呈现单峰趋势，7月最高，分别为0.26只/张和6.93%；不同生境季节趋势显示超市波动较大，7月最高，密度及粘捕率分别为1.02只/张和13.56%。餐饮行业和农贸市场5－9月保持在较高水平；各月平均蜚蠊密度和粘捕率呈一定相关性，城区和郊区危害情况差异不大，但郊区雌成虫构成比远高于城区。结论 2015－2018年西安市蜚蠊密度和粘捕率保持在低水平，不同生境监测结果与全国及其他地区基本一致，但季节消长趋势有所差别，餐饮行业和超市应当引起重视，城区和郊区蜚蠊危害差异不大。

Abstract: Objective To grasp the species, density, sticky trapping rate, distribution characteristics, and seasonal fluctuation of cockroaches in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of cockroach control measures and patriotic health work. Methods Six districts (counties) were selected in the east, south, west, and north of Xi'an according to the geographical orientation. Each district (county) selected six surveillance points, i.e., hotels, restaurants, supermarkets, residential areas, agricultural markets, and hospitals. The surveillance was carried out using sticky traps in the nighttime in the middle of odd months. The species of the cockroaches collected were identified; the cockroach density and sticky trapping rate were calculated. The Pearson correlation test was used to test the correlation between the mean cockroach density and mean trapping rate in each month; the chi-square test was used to analyze the difference in sex between adult cockroaches in urban and suburban areas; the t-test was used to statistically analyze the mean cockroach density and mean sticky trapping rate in each month in urban and suburban areas. Results A total of 2 742 cockroaches were captured from 2015 to 2018, of which two were Periplaneta americana and the rest were Blattella germanica. The mean cockroach density was 0.18 cockroaches/sheet, and the mean sticky trapping rate was 4.72%. In 2015, the cockroach density and sticky trapping rate were the highest, which were 0.36 cockroaches/sheet and 7.03%, respectively, and then they basically showed a downward trend year by year. The habitat that was damaged most seriously was restaurant, where the cockroach density was 0.40 cockroaches/sheet and the sticky trapping rate was 8.85%, but supermarkets should be paid attention to. The seasonal fluctuation of cockroach density and sticky trapping rate showed a unimodal trend, with the highest values in July, which were 0.26 cockroaches/sheet and 6.93%, respectively. Seasonal trends in different habitats showed that the cockroach density and sticky trapping rate in supermarkets fluctuated violently, with the highest values in July, which were 1.02 cockroaches/sheet and 13.56%, respectively; the restaurants and agricultural markets remained at a relatively high level from May to September. The mean cockroach density showed a certain correlation with the sticky trapping rate in each month; there was no significant difference in the damage status between urban and suburban areas, but the proportion of female adult cockroaches in the suburban area was much higher than that in the urban area. Conclusion The cockroach density and sticky trapping rate remained at a low level from 2015 to 2018; the surveillance results of different habitats were basically consistent with those in the whole country and other regions, but the seasonal fluctuation trend had some differences; attention should be paid to restaurants and supermarkets. There was no significant difference in the damage status between urban and suburban areas.