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  哈尔滨工程大学学报  2018, Vol. 39 Issue (6): 1109-1115  DOI: 10.11990/jheu.201610073
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引用本文  

赵品, 叶见曙. 波形钢腹板单箱多室箱梁横向受力分析[J]. 哈尔滨工程大学学报, 2018, 39(6): 1109-1115. DOI: 10.11990/jheu.201610073.
ZHAO Pin, YE Jianshu. Transverse force study of single box multi-chamber with corrugated steel webs[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2018, 39(6): 1109-1115. DOI: 10.11990/jheu.201610073.

基金项目

国家自然科学基金项目(51508348)

通信作者

赵品, E-mail:zhaopin1115@126.com

作者简介

赵品(1982-), 女, 博士;
叶见曙(1948-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师

文章历史

收稿日期:2016-10-20
网络出版日期:2017-10-26
波形钢腹板单箱多室箱梁横向受力分析
赵品, 叶见曙    
东南大学 交通学院, 江苏 南京 210096
摘要:波形钢腹板单箱多室箱梁横向跨距较大,波形钢腹板刚度相对较小,其横向受力比单箱单室箱梁的受力要复杂。通过波形钢腹板单箱双室试验梁的弹性阶段试验,分析了箱梁顶板的横向内力分布特点;考虑箱梁横向弯曲和畸变翘曲的影响,采用能量法建立波形钢腹板单箱双室箱梁横向受力计算模型,并将能量法结果、试验结果与有限元计算结果进行了对比分析。采用有限元模型对波形钢腹板横向受力进行了参数分析,结果表明:中腹板厚度变化对顶板横向内力的影响不可忽略;波形钢腹板单箱多室箱梁顶板的横向内力随着腹板与顶板线刚度比的增大而减小。
关键词桥梁工程    波形钢腹板箱梁    能量法    桥面板    横向内力    线刚度比    
Transverse force study of single box multi-chamber with corrugated steel webs
ZHAO Pin, YE Jianshu    
School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Abstract: The transverse span of a single-box multi-chamber corrugated steel web is large, while the stiffness of a corrugated steel web is relatively small and its transverse force is more complex than that of a single-box single-chamber box beam. Through a test was carried out for a test beam with a single-box double-chamber corrugated steel web in the elastic stage, the distribution of the beam roof's transversal internal force was analyzed. With consideration to the influence of lateral and distortion bend, an energy method was applied in order to establish a calculation model for the transversal force of the single-box double-chamber box beam with a corrugated steel web. Additionally, the results was obtained by this energy method, test results, and results obtained by the finite element method, were analyzed in order to obtain their parameters. The analytical results showed that the impact of the intermediate web thickness on the roof's transversal internal force cannot be ignored. The roof's transversal internal force in the single-box multi-chamber box beam with the corrugated steel web, decreased with the increase of the linear stiffness ratio between the web and the roof plate.
Key words: bridge engineering    box girders with corrugated steel webs    energy method    bridge deck    transverse internal force    linear stiffness ratio    

波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥在国内外得到了广泛的应用,据不完全统计,截止2015年,世界范围内此类桥梁已超过200座,国内已建成和在建的此类桥梁已超过30座[1-6]。波形钢腹板箱梁的抗扭及纵横向抗弯刚度相比混凝土箱梁有不同程度的降低,其桥面板横向内力与混凝土箱梁必然有所差异。国内学者近年来针对波形钢腹板箱梁的横向内力问题开展了系统的研究,东南大学方太云将适用于简支正交异性板横向分布计算的G-M法运用到波形钢腹板箱梁桥面板有效分布宽度的计算中。湖南大学李立峰以弹性薄板理论为基础,推导了波形钢腹板箱梁的横向内力计算公式,并通过试验及有限元分析进行了验证[7-14]

从现有研究现状来看,对单箱单室波形钢腹板箱梁横向内力研究较多,而针对单箱多室的受力研究较少。单箱多室箱梁相对于单箱单室箱梁结构而言,在后者的基础上增设了中腹板;鉴于前者的横向跨距较大,波形钢腹板相对刚度较小,其横向受力比单箱单室箱梁的受力要复杂。鉴于上述背景,本文对单箱多室波形钢腹板箱梁的横向内力进行了研究,基于框架分析法基本原理,结合波形钢腹板单箱多室箱梁的结构特点和力学特性,采用能量法建立适用于该结构的横向内力计算模型。

1 波形钢腹板箱梁横向内力计算模型

针对波形钢腹板单箱双室箱梁将采用能量法并结合其自身结构特点及力学性能来计算其横向内力。该方法基于框架分析法的基本原理,考虑了箱梁横向弯曲和畸变翘曲的影响[15]。文中以增设一个中腹板的波形钢腹板单箱双室箱梁为例来解析单箱多室箱梁的横向内力。

一般将荷载分解为对称荷载和反对称荷载,对称荷载作用下的内力分析采用一般结构力学方法可求得,不再详述;反对称荷载作用下的箱梁横向内力求解包括加支撑的结构分析和支撑释放后的结构分析。

1.1 反对称荷载作用下加支撑的结构分析 1.1.1 横向弯曲应变能

1) 外荷载P作用下的内力和位移。

对于反对称荷载作用下沿跨径方向的单位框架,如图 1(a)所示。由于箱梁截面关于中腹板轴线位置对称即结构关于Y轴对称,荷载关于Y轴反对称,根据对称性可取1/2结构进行分析如图 1(b)所示。取图 1(c)所示的基本体系,采用力法方程进行分析。

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图 1 框架图示 Fig. 1 Frame illustration

各角点弯矩M1M2M3M4M5分别为顶板与边腹板交界处的弯矩值、底板与边腹板交界处的弯矩值、底板与中腹板交界处的弯矩值、底板与中腹板交界处的弯矩值、单室顶板跨中位置的弯矩值、顶板与中腹板交界处的弯矩值。具体表达式为

$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{M_1} = \frac{{\left( {b - d} \right)P}}{2} - \frac{b}{4}{X_1} - {X_2}}\\ {{M_2} = \frac{{\left( {c - d} \right)P}}{2} - \frac{b}{4}{X_1} - {X_2} - h{X_3}}\\ {{M_3} = \frac{b}{4}{X_1} - {X_2} - h{X_3}}\\ {{M_4} = {X_2},{M_5} = \frac{b}{4}{X_1} - {X_2}} \end{array} $ (1)

各角点弯矩M1M2M3M4M5的表达式中系数X1X2X3表达式为

$ {X_3} = \frac{{P \cdot C}}{B} $

其中:

$ A = \frac{{6b{c^2}{h^3}{n^2}}}{{{I_c} \cdot I_{\rm{u}}^2}} + \frac{{108bc{h^4}n}}{{I_{\rm{c}}^2 \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}} + \frac{{144b{h^5}}}{{I_{\rm{c}}^3}} + \frac{{3b{c^2}{h^3}{n^3}}}{{{I_0} \cdot I_{\rm{u}}^2}} + \\\frac{{6c{b^2}{h^3}{n^2} + 60cb{h^4}{n^2}}}{{{I_0} \cdot {I_c} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}} + \frac{{9n{b^2}{h^4} + 99nb{h^5}}}{{{I_0} \cdot I_{\rm{c}}^2}} + \frac{{3{b^2}c{n^3}{h^3}}}{{I_0^2 \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}} + \frac{{6{b^2}{n^2}{h^4}}}{{I_0^2 \cdot {I_{\rm{c}}}}} $
$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {B = \frac{{24{c^2}{h^3}{n^2}}}{{{I_c} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}} + \frac{{432c{h^4}n}}{{I_{\rm{c}}^2}} + \frac{{576{h^5} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}}{{I_{\rm{c}}^3}} + \frac{{12{c^2}{h^3}{n^3}}}{{{I_0} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}} + \frac{{240c{h^4}{n^2} + 24cb{h^3}{n^2}}}{{{I_0} \cdot {I_c}}} + }\\ {\frac{{\left( {396n{h^5} + 36nb{h^4}} \right) \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}}{{{I_0} \cdot I_{\rm{c}}^2}} + \frac{{12bc{n^3}{h^3}}}{{I_0^2}} + \frac{{24b{n^2}{h^4} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}}{{I_0^2 \cdot {I_{\rm{c}}}}}} \end{array} $
$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {C = \frac{{3{c^3}{h^3}{n^3}}}{{I_{\rm{u}}^2}} - \frac{{59{c^2}{h^3}{n^2}}}{{{I_{\rm{c}}} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}} - \frac{{48cn{h^4}}}{{I_{\rm{c}}^2}} + \frac{{96{h^5} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}}{{I_{\rm{c}}^3}} + \frac{{\left( {3{c^2}{h^3}{n^3} - 3b{c^2}{h^2}{n^3}} \right)}}{{{I_0} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}} + \frac{{\left( {61c{n^2}{h^4} - 2bc{n^2}{h^3}} \right)}}{{{I_0} \cdot {I_{\rm{c}}}}} + }\\ {\frac{{\left. {90n{h^5} + 6bn{h^4}} \right) \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}}{{{I_0} \cdot I_{\rm{c}}^2}} + \frac{{3bc{n^3}{h^3}}}{{I_0^2}} + \frac{{3b{n^2}{h^4} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}}{{I_0^2 \cdot {I_{\rm{c}}}}}} \end{array} $

式中:n为钢材与混凝土的弹性模量之比, 即n=Eg/EhI0IuIcIc1分别为沿纵向单位长度的顶、底板及波形钢腹板边、中腹板横向抗弯惯矩:

$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{I_0} = \frac{{t_0^3}}{{12\left( {1 - {\mu ^2}} \right)}},{I_u} = \frac{{t_u^3}}{{12\left( {1 - {\mu ^2}} \right)}}}\\ {{I_c} = {I_{c1}} = \frac{{2{L_c}{t_c}{{\left( {\frac{{{h_c}}}{2}} \right)}^2} + \frac{{{t_c}h_c^3}}{6}\sin \theta }}{q}} \end{array} $ (2)

式中:μ为材料的泊松比,t0tutc分别为波形钢腹板箱梁顶、底板及腹板的厚度,qhcLc为波形钢腹板的波长、波高及水平面板宽。

单箱双室箱梁在外荷载P作用下的横向弯矩值见图 2

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图 2 横向弯矩分布图(外载荷) Fig. 2 Transverse moment distribution(external load)

根据弯矩图 2便可以计算由于P作用而引起框架顶部与底部相对的侧移值为

$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{\Delta _q} = \frac{{\left[ {\left( { - 2b + d + c} \right)P + \frac{b}{4}{X_1} + {X_2} - h{X_3}} \right]{h^2}}}{{3nE{I_c}}} + }\\ {\frac{{\left[ {\left( {c - d} \right)P - \frac{b}{4}{X_1} - 3{X_2} - 3h{X_3}} \right]hc}}{{3E{I_u}}}} \end{array} $ (3)

2) 剪力差Ti作用下的内力和位移。

框架的畸变剪力差见图 3

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图 3 框架与畸变荷载 Fig. 3 Frame and distortion load

由于边腹板的畸变剪力差Th与底板的畸变剪力差Tx均由支座链杆代替,仅作用于框架顶部的Ts使框架产生横向变形的效果。剪力差产生的横向内力值:

$ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {{M'}_1} = \frac{b}{4}{X_{11}} + {X_{22}}\\ {{M'}_2} = \frac{{Ph}}{2} - \frac{b}{4}{X_{11}} - {X_{22}} - h{X_{33}}\\ {{M'}_3} = \frac{b}{4}{X_{11}} - {X_{22}} - h{X_{33}}\\ {{M'}_4} = {X_{22}},{{M'}_5} = \frac{b}{4}{X_{11}} - {X_{22}} \end{array} \right. $ (4)

其中参数X11X22X33的物理意义同于X1X2X3

剪力差作用产生的最终横向弯矩图见图 4

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图 4 横向弯矩分布图(剪力差) Fig. 4 Transverse moment distribution(shear difference)

同样可以根据弯矩图计算由于剪力差Ts作用而引起框架顶部与底部相对的侧移值ΔT,将X11X22X33的表达式代入式(4)中即可得出

$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{\Delta _T} = \frac{{\left[ {\frac{{{{T'}_s}h}}{2} - \frac{{3b}}{4}{X_{11}} - 3{X_{22}} - h{X_{33}}} \right]{h^2}}}{{3nE{I_c}}} + }\\ {\frac{{\left[ {{{T'}_s}h - \frac{{3b}}{4}{X_{11}} - {X_{22}} - h{X_{33}}} \right]hc}}{{3E{I_u}}}} \end{array} $ (5)

式中:

(7)
$ {X_{22}} = \frac{{{{T'}_s} \cdot F}}{B} $
$ {X_{33}} = \frac{{{{T'}_s} \cdot G}}{B} $

其中,

$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {D = \left[ {\frac{{6\left( {c - d} \right){c^2}{h^3}{n^2}}}{{{I_{\rm{c}}} \cdot I_{\rm{u}}^2}} + \frac{{4\left( {15c + 12b - 27d} \right)c{h^4}n}}{{I_{\rm{c}}^2 \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}} + \frac{{24{h^5}\left( {3b + 3c - 5d} \right)}}{{I_{\rm{c}}^3}} + \frac{{3\left( {c - d} \right){c^2}{h^3}{n^3}}}{{{I_0} \cdot I_{\rm{u}}^2}} + } \right.}\\ {\frac{{6{{\left( {b - d} \right)}^2}c{n^3}{h^3}}}{{I_{\rm{0}}^2 \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}} + \frac{{2\left( {8{b^2} + 18bh - 16bd + 22ch + 13d - 40dh - 5{d^2}} \right)c{h^3}{n^2}}}{{{I_0} \cdot {I_{\rm{c}}} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}} + }\\ {\left. {\frac{{\left( {27{{\left( {b - d} \right)}^2} + 4h\left( {15b - 27d + 12c} \right)n{h^4}} \right.}}{{{I_0} \cdot I_{\rm{c}}^2}} + \frac{{12{{\left( {b - d} \right)}^2}{n^2}{h^4}}}{{I_{\rm{0}}^2 \cdot {I_{\rm{c}}}}}} \right]} \end{array} $
$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {F = \left[ {\frac{{\left( {2c + 4b - 6d} \right){c^2}{h^3}{n^2}}}{{{I_{\rm{c}}} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}} + \frac{{\left( {100c + 8b - 108d} \right)c{h^4}n}}{{I_{\rm{c}}^2}} + \frac{{24{h^5}\left( {5b + c - 6d} \right) \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}}{{I_{\rm{c}}^3}} + } \right.}\\ {\frac{{3{{\left( {b - d} \right)}^2}{c^2}{h^2}{n^3}}}{{{I_{\rm{0}}} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}} + \frac{{\left[ {70{b^2} + 66{d^2} - 137bd - bc} \right]c{h^3}{n^2}}}{{{I_{\rm{0}}} \cdot {I_{\rm{c}}}}} + \frac{{\left( {111{b^2} + 105{d^2} - 21bd} \right)n{h^4} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}}{{{I_{\rm{0}}} \cdot I_{\rm{c}}^2}} + }\\ {\left. {\frac{{3{{\left( {b - d} \right)}^2}bc{h^2}{n^2}}}{{I_0^2}} + \frac{{6{{\left( {b - d} \right)}^2}b{h^3}{n^2} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}}{{I_0^2 \cdot {I_{\rm{c}}}}}} \right]} \end{array} $
$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {G = \left( {\frac{{4{c^2}\left( {c - b} \right){c^2}{h^2}{n^2}}}{{{I_{\rm{c}}} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}} + \frac{{96\left( {c - b} \right)cn{h^3}}}{{I_{\rm{c}}^2}} - \frac{{{h^4}\left( {b - c} \right) \cdot I}}{{I_{\rm{c}}^3}} - \frac{{3\left( {{b^2} - 2bd - ch + {d^2} + dh} \right){c^2}h{n^3}}}{{{I_{\rm{0}}} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}} + } \right.}\\ {\frac{{\left[ { - 73{b^2} + 7bc + 135bd + 61ch - 69{d^2} - 63dh + 2bh} \right]c{h^2}{n^2}}}{{{I_{\rm{0}}} \cdot {I_{\rm{c}}}}} + }\\ {\frac{{\left( { - 150{b^2} - 144{d^2} + 288bd + 54bh + 6cb - 144dh + 90ch} \right)n{h^3} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}}{{{I_{\rm{0}}} \cdot I_{\rm{c}}^2}} - }\\ {\left. {\frac{{3\left( {{b^2} - 2bd - ch + {d^2} + dh} \right)bch{n^3}}}{{I_{\rm{0}}^2}} + \frac{{\left( { - 9{b^3} + 18{b^2}d + 8{b^2}h - 9b{d^2} - 18bdh + 6{d^2}h + 4cbh} \right){h^2}{n^2} \cdot {I_{\rm{u}}}}}{{I_{\rm{0}}^2 \cdot {I_{\rm{c}}}}}} \right)} \end{array} $

3) 横向弯曲应变能。

微元框架由外荷载P与剪力差Ts共同作用,则总的横向弯矩为M=MP+MT。横向弯曲应变能根据图乘法得到

$ {\mathit{\Pi }_W} = \int_L {\int_S {\frac{{M_q^2}}{{2EI}}{\rm{d}}s{\rm{d}}z} } + \int_L {\int_S {\frac{{{M_q}{M_T}}}{{EI}}{\rm{d}}s{\rm{d}}z} } + \int_L {\int_S {\frac{{M_T^2}}{{2EI}}{\rm{d}}s{\rm{d}}z} } $ (6)

式中:

$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\int_0^l {\int_s {\frac{{M_q^2}}{{2EI}} \cdot {\rm{d}}s{\rm{d}}z} } = \int_0^l {d\left[ {\left( {M_4^2 + M_5^2 + {M_4}{M_5}} \right)/\left( {6E{I_0}} \right) + \\\left( {b - d} \right)\left( {M_4^2 + M_1^2 + {M_4}{M_1}} \right)/\left( {6E{I_0}} \right) + } \right.} }\\ {a\left( {M_1^2 + M_2^2 + {M_1}{M_2}} \right)/\left( {3nE{I_c}} \right) + c\left( {M_2^2 + M_3^2 - {M_2}{M_3}} \right)/\left( {6E{I_u}} \right) + }\\ {\left. {2h\left( {M_3^2 + M_5^2 + {M_3}{M_5}} \right)/\left( {3nE{I_c}} \right)} \right]{\rm{d}}z} \end{array} $
$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\int_0^l {\int_s {\frac{{M_T^2}}{{2EI}} \cdot {\rm{d}}s{\rm{d}}z} } = \int_0^l {d\left[ {\left( {M{'}_4^2 + M{'}_5^2 + {{M'}_4}{{M'}_5}} \right)/\left( {6E{I_0}} \right) +\\ \left( {b - d} \right)\left( {M{'}_4^2 + M{'}_1^2 + {{M'}_4}{{M'}_1}} \right)/\left( {6E{I_0}} \right) + } \right.} }\\ {a\left( {M{'}_1^2 + M{'}_2^2 - {{M'}_1}{{M'}_2}} \right)/\left( {3nE{I_c}} \right) + c\left( {M{'}_2^2 + M{'}_3^2 - {{M'}_2}{{M'}_3}} \right)/\left( {6E{I_u}} \right) + }\\ {\left. {2h\left( {M{'}_3^2 + M{'}_5^2 - {{M'}_3}{{M'}_5}} \right)/\left( {3nE{I_{\rm{c}}}} \right)} \right]{\rm{d}}z} \end{array} $
$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\int_0^l {\int_s {\frac{{{M_q}{M_T}}}{{EI}} \cdot {\rm{d}}s{\rm{d}}z} } = \int_0^l {d\left[ {\left( {{M_4}\left( {2{{M'}_4} - {{M'}_5}} \right) +\\ {M_5}\left( {2{{M'}_5} - {{M'}_4}} \right)} \right)/\left( {12E{I_0}} \right) + \left( {b - d} \right)\left( {3{M_4}\left( {{{M'}_4} - {{M'}_1}} \right) + } \right.} \right.} }\\ {\left. {\left( {{M_1} - {M_4}} \right)\left( {{{M'}_4} - 2{{M'}_1}} \right)} \right)/\left( {12E{I_0}} \right) + a\left( {{M_1}\left( {2{{M'}_1} - {{M'}_2}} \right) +\\ {M_2}\left( {2{{M'}_2} - {{M'}_1}} \right)} \right)/\left( {6nE{I_c}} \right) + }\\ {c\left( { - {M_2}\left( {2{{M'}_2} + {{M'}_3}} \right) + {M_3}\left( {2{{M'}_3} + {{M'}_2}} \right)} \right)/\left( {6E{I_u}} \right) + }\\ {\left. {h\left( {{M_5}\left( {2{{M'}_5} + {{M'}_3}} \right) + {M_3}\left( {2{{M'}_3} + {{M'}_5}} \right)} \right)/\left( {6nE{I_c}} \right)} \right]{\rm{d}}z} \end{array} $

$ {\lambda _{w1}} = \frac{{\int_0^l {\int_s {\frac{{M_q^2}}{{2EI}} \cdot {\rm{d}}s{\rm{d}}z} } }}{P},{\lambda _{w2}} = \frac{{\int_0^l {\int_s {\frac{{M_T^2}}{{2EI}} \cdot {\rm{d}}s{\rm{d}}z} } }}{{\Delta _T^2}},{\lambda _{w3}} = \frac{{\int_0^l {\int_s {\frac{{{M_q}{M_T}}}{{EI}} \cdot {\rm{d}}s{\rm{d}}z} } }}{{P\Delta _T^2}} $ (7)
1.1.2 纵向翘曲应变能计算

取出一片微元框架,其实际的侧移变形如图 5所示。图中顶板侧移总和Δ等于顶板与底板的相对侧移量(由外荷载与板的剪力差作用产生),即

$ \Delta \left( z \right) = {\Delta _0}\left( z \right) + {\Delta _u}\left( z \right) = {\Delta _q}\left( z \right) + {\Delta _T}\left( z \right) $ (8)
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图 5 畸变位移图 Fig. 5 Distortion displacement

则用Δq (z)、ΔT (z)表示的纵向翘曲应变能计算为

$ {\mathit{\Pi }_{\rm{q}}} = \int_L {\left\{ {W\left( z \right) \cdot {{\left[ {{{\Delta ''}_q}\left( z \right) + {{\Delta ''}_T}\left( z \right)} \right]}^2}} \right\}{\rm{d}}z} $ (9)

式中:$W\left( z \right) = \frac{E}{{24}}{\left( {\frac{1}{{1 + \beta '}}} \right)^2}\left( {{{\beta '}^2}b_0^3{t_0} + {b^3}{t_u}} \right)$

$ \beta ' = \frac{{3 + \alpha _u^3\frac{{b \cdot {t_u}}}{{h' \cdot n \cdot {t_c}}}}}{{3 + \alpha _0^3\frac{{b \cdot {t_0}}}{{h' \cdot n \cdot {t_c}}}}} $
1.1.3 外部荷载势能Πp

作用于结构上的反对称荷载实际上为以沿跨长的力偶P·d,由其产生的势能可取出微元框架分析,再沿跨长方向积分得到。

外部荷载势能

$ \begin{array}{l} {\mathit{\Pi }_{\rm{p}}} = - \int_L {P \cdot d \cdot \theta {\rm{d}}z} = \\ - \int_L {{\psi _q}\left( z \right) \cdot {P^2}{\rm{d}}z} + \int_L {{\psi _T}\left( z \right) \cdot P \cdot {\Delta _T}\left( z \right){\rm{d}}z} \end{array} $ (10)

式中:

$ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {\psi _q} = - \frac{{{{\left( {b - d} \right)}^2}}}{{12PE{J_s}}}\left( {2{M_1} + {M_4}} \right) + \frac{{h\left( {b - d} \right)\left( {{M_1} - {M_2}} \right)}}{{2PE{J_h}}} + \\ \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\frac{{c\left( {b - d} \right)\left( {{M_3} + 2{M_2}} \right)}}{{12PE{J_x}}}\\ {\psi _T} = \left( {\left( {{{M'}_2} - {{M'}_1}} \right)h\left( {b - d} \right)/\left( {2nE{J_h}} \right) - } \right.\\ \left( {b - d} \right)\left( {{{M'}_3} + 2{{M'}_2}} \right)/\left( {12cE{J_x}} \right) - \\ \left. {\left( {b - d} \right)2\left( {{M_4} + 2{M_1}} \right)/\left( {12E{J_s}} \right)} \right)/{\Delta _T}\\ {J_s} = \frac{1}{{12}}{b^3}{t_0} + \frac{1}{6}b_{os}^3{t_o} + \frac{1}{2}{b_{os}}{t_o}{\left( {b + {b_{os}}} \right)^2} \end{array} \right. $
$ {J_x} = \frac{1}{{12}}{c^3}{t_u} $
$ {J_h} = \frac{1}{{12}}{h^3}{t_c} + \frac{1}{4}{h^3}{t_c}{\left( {\frac{{1 - \beta '}}{{1 + \beta '}}} \right)^2} $

通过以上三部分的推导,得到了体系各部分势能的计算表达式,体系的总势能为

$ \mathit{\Pi } = {\mathit{\Pi }_{\rm{w}}} + {\mathit{\Pi }_{\rm{q}}} + {\mathit{\Pi }_{\rm{p}}} $ (11)

根据最小势能原理,等高度梁的总势能应满足δΠ=0,得出

$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\frac{{{{\rm{d}}^2}}}{{{\rm{d}}{z^2}}}\left[ {2W\left( z \right) \cdot {{\Delta ''}_T}\left( z \right)} \right] + 2{\lambda _2}\left( z \right) \cdot {\Delta _T}\left( z \right) = }\\ { - {\lambda _1}\left( z \right) \cdot q\left( z \right)} \end{array} $ (12)

式中:λ1(z)、λ2(z)分别为λ1=λω3-ψTλ2=λω2

由式(12)与弹性地基梁挠曲微分方程的相似性可求得ΔT(z);继而通过回代可得反对称荷载作用下加竖向链杆支撑的单箱双室横向弯矩分布图。

1.2 反对称荷载作用下支撑释放后的结构分析

求出支反力后,将支反力反向施加于单箱双室箱梁上,结构将产生刚性扭转和畸变变形,仅畸变会产生横向内力。其具体计算过程同于剪力差作用下的内力分析,此处不再详述。最终将对称荷载作用下的内力图与反对称荷载作用下的内力图叠加即可得到波形钢腹板单箱双室箱梁的横向内力。

综上所述,采用能量法受力明确,计算方便,根据上述推导过程采用Matlab简单编程,即可得出波形钢腹板箱梁的横向内力分布。

2 试验验证

波形钢腹板试验简支梁全长3.5 m,截面形式、尺寸及加载工况见图 6。波形腹板采用Q235优质低碳钢,厚2 mm,水平面板宽40 mm,折叠角为37°,波高24 mm,波长144 mm。荷载分为对称加载(工况Ⅰ)和偏载(工况Ⅱ),两种工况在弹性阶段加载下的荷载值分别为40、25 kN,如图 6所示。

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图 6 试验梁截面尺寸、加载位置及应变片布置 Fig. 6 Cross section, loading position and layout of strain gauges

两种作用工况下的桥面板横向内力值见表 1。由表 1可知,针对上述两种加载工况下的顶板横向内力值,所得到的能量法计算值与有限元值、实测值的误差绝大部分均在10%左右符合精度要求。说明采用能量法计算波形钢腹板单箱双室箱梁的横向内力是可行的。

表 1 顶板横向内力值 Tab.1 Transverse internal force of deck
3 腹板线刚度比对桥面板横向内力的影响

以中腹板厚度大于边腹板厚度来形成两者刚度差别的条件(中腹板的厚度增大4 mm),在试验梁尺寸基础上变换腹板高度,采用有限元法进行参数分析,荷载作用位置处的桥面板横向应力计算值见表 2。其中试验梁的中腹板与顶板相对刚度比为0.116。

表 2 不同的腹板与顶板线刚度比值条件下顶板的横向内力值 Tab.2 Transverse internal force of deck under different web and roof line stiffness ratio

表 2中斜线前后的数据分别为中腹板厚度加大和原厚度两种情况下的横向内力值,通过比较发现上述两者在两种工况下的差别均约为15%。

图 7为按表 2绘制的中腹板厚度增加后试验梁顶板的横向弯矩值曲线。

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图 7 中腹板厚度增加后不同线刚度比条件下顶板横向内力变化图 Fig. 7 Transversal internal force change under different line stiffness ratio after the increase in web thickness

图 7可知,波形钢腹板箱梁的混凝土顶板横向弯矩值随腹板线刚度变化基本呈直线变化;随着腹板与顶板线刚度比值的增加,顶板的横向弯矩值随之减小,与单箱单室波形钢腹板箱梁的变化规律相同[8]

4 结论

1) 采用能量法可以较好地计算波形钢腹板单箱双室箱梁桥面板的横向内力,与试验结果及有限元结果吻合较好。

2) 对于波形钢腹板箱梁,其腹板对顶板的约束程度直接影响到顶板的横向受力,顶板横向应力值随腹板与顶板线刚度比变化基本呈线性变化;中腹板厚度变化对箱梁顶板横向内力的影响不可忽略。

本文着重研究了波形钢腹板单箱双室箱梁腹板间的桥面板横向内力,忽略了悬臂板的影响。随着大跨宽箱梁的发展,大悬臂问题愈加突出,波形钢腹板支撑下的大悬臂箱梁横向内力和悬臂合理尺寸还有待于进一步研究。

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