福建紫金山矿田罗卜岭铜钼矿化斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及成矿岩浆高氧化特征研究

引用本文

黄文婷, 李晶, 梁华英, 王春龙, 林书平, 王秀璋. 2013. 福建紫金山矿田罗卜岭铜钼矿化斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及成矿岩浆高氧化特征研究. 岩石学报, 29(1): 283-293 复制到剪切板

HUANG WT, LI J, LIANG HY, WANG CL, LIN SP and WANG XZ. 2013. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages and highly oxidized features of magma associated with Luoboling porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in Zijinshan ore field, Fujian Province. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 29(1): 283-293(in Chinese with English abstract) 复制到剪切板

福建紫金山矿田罗卜岭铜钼矿化斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及成矿岩浆高氧化特征研究

黄文婷^1,2, 李晶^1,3, 梁华英¹, 王春龙^1,2, 林书平^1,2, 王秀璋¹

1. 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，中国科学院矿物学与成矿学重点实验室，广州 510640;
2. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049;
3. 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司，上杭 364200

2012-04-05 收稿; 2012-11-25 改回.

基金项目: 本文受中国科学院重大项目(KZCX1-YW-15-3)、中国科学院重点国际合作项目(GJHZ1127)、国家自然科学基金项目(41172080、41121002、41272099) 和国土资源部深部矿产资源立体探测技术及实验研究项目(SinoProbe-03-01) 联合资助

第一作者简介: 黄文婷，女，1987年生，博士生，矿床学专业，E-mail: ita19@163.com

通讯作者: 梁华英，男，1962年生，研究员，博士生导师，矿床地质及矿床地球化学专业，E-mail: lianghy@gig.ac.cn

摘要: 罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床是紫金山Cu-Au-Mo浅成低温-斑岩矿田内新近发现的大型斑岩铜钼矿床，本文在岩芯及光薄片系统观察的基础上，分析了矿化斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及锆石Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺比值。罗卜岭赋矿斑岩体可分为两期，早期为角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩及黑云母花岗闪长斑岩，晚期为黑云母花岗闪长斑岩。早期角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩和黑云母花岗闪长斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为103.7±1.2Ma，MSWD=0.33和103.0±0.9Ma，MSWD=1.00；晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为97.6±2.1Ma，MSWD=6.00。罗卜岭成矿斑岩基质普遍发育硬石膏，两期成矿斑岩锆石都具较高的Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺平均值，在630~770之间，高于区内非成矿花岗岩锆石的Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺平均值(182~577)，显示罗卜岭斑岩矿床成矿岩浆具有高氧逸度的特征。据罗卜岭斑岩矿床的形成时代、高氧逸度岩浆特征，结合华南地区中生代构造背景，我们初步认为罗卜岭斑岩矿床的形成可能和中生代古太平洋向北西西方向俯冲有关。

关键词: 斑岩铜钼矿床锆石U-Pb年龄花岗闪长斑岩紫金山

Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages and highly oxidized features of magma associated with Luoboling porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in Zijinshan ore field, Fujian Province

HUANG WenTing^1,2, LI Jing^1,3, LIANG HuaYing¹, WANG ChunLong^1,2, LIN ShuPing^1,2, WANG XiuZhang¹

1. Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guangzhou 510640, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd, Shanghang 364200, China

Abstract: The Luoboling large porphyry Cu-Mo deposit is a recently discovered deposit in the Zijinshan Cu-Au-Mo ore field. Based on the relationship of the porphyries and the systematically petrographic study, the ore-bearing porphyries can be divided into early stage hornblende biotite granodiorite porphyry and biotite granodiorite porphyry and late stage biotite granodiorite porphyry. The early stage hornblende biotite granodiorite porphyry and biotite granodiorite porphyry has zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of 103.7±1.2Ma, with MSWD=0.33 and of 103.0±0.9Ma with MSWD=1.00, respectively, and the late stage biotite granodiorite porphyry has zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of 97.6±2.1Ma with MSWD=6.00. Zircon grains from two stage ore bearing porphyries have much higher average Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ratios (630~770) than those (182~577) of barren granites in the ore field. Based on the zircon high Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ ratios and the wide occurrence of anhydrite in the ore-bearing porphyries, it is concluded that the ore-bearing magma was characterized by a relatively high oxygen fugacity. According to emplaced age and high oxygen fugacity of ore forming magma, and tectonic setting of the South China in the Mesozoic, the Luoboling ore-bearing porphyries are regarded to be triggered by the westward subduction of paleo-Pacific plate during Mesozoic.

Key words: Porphyry Cu-Mo deposit Mineralization age Granodiorite porphyry Zijinshan

1 引言

斑岩型矿床是Cu、Mo和Au的主要来源，具有重要的经济意义，一直是矿床领域的研究热点(Seedorff et al., 2005; Richards et al., 2009; Sillitoe, 2010)。世界级大型斑岩铜矿多分布于环太平洋岩浆弧成矿带，科学家们建立了岩浆弧背景下的斑岩矿床成矿模型(Sillitoe, 1972; Mitchell, 1973; Bowen and Gunatilaka, 1977; Richards, 2003)。我国大型斑岩矿床和重要矿集区多产于碰撞造山环境(陈衍景, 2002, 2013)，例如，青藏高原冈底斯斑岩铜矿带及藏东玉龙斑岩铜矿带(Liang et al., 2006, 2009; 陈衍景, 2002; 郑有业等, 2002; 侯增谦等, 2003; 芮宗瑶等, 2006)、秦岭钼矿带(Chen et al., 2000; 李诺等, 2007)、中亚成矿域的多金属矿床(Chen et al., 2012; 陈衍景, 2000; 祁进平等, 2005; 陈衍景等, 2012)。我国学者对碰撞环境斑岩矿床开展了深入研究，建立了碰撞造山环境斑岩矿床成矿模式(陈衍景和富士谷, 1992; Chen, 1997; Chen et al., 2000, 2004, 2007, 2012)，并初步揭示了岩浆弧与大陆碰撞体制斑岩矿床的差异(陈衍景等, 2007; 陈衍景和李诺, 2009)。近年，我国华南斑岩矿床找矿工作取得了重大进展，除华南最大的德兴斑岩铜金矿床外，在粤北发现了园珠顶大型斑岩铜钼矿床、大宝山大型斑岩钼矿床及福建紫金山浅成低温热液矿田的罗卜岭大型斑岩铜(钼) 矿床(钟军等, 2011)。然而，关于华南这些斑岩矿床的成矿构造环境，则有两种观点，即大陆碰撞(Chen et al., 2007; 陈衍景, 2002) 和洋陆俯冲(Zhou and Li, 2000; Sun et al., 2007)。

紫金山斑岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统矿床类型齐全，发育有高硫型浅成低温热液Cu-Au矿床、低硫型Ag多金属矿床及斑岩型Cu-Mo-(Au) 矿床。过去研究工作多集中在紫金山浅成低温热液矿床上(So et al., 1997; 张德全等, 1992, 2001, 2003, 2005; 华仁民等, 1998, 2002; 王少怀等, 2009; 陈静等, 2011)，而对罗卜岭斑岩矿床研究工作相对薄弱，钟军等(2011)开展流体包裹体研究，张德全等(2001)对成矿花岗闪长斑岩进行了全岩Rb-Sr等时线定年，获得岩体年龄为105±7Ma。目前，罗卜岭铜钼矿床含矿岩体的岩浆活动期次、成矿岩浆特征及其与斑岩型、浅成低温热液型矿化的关系等均待研究查明。这一工作直接影响着对紫金山斑岩-浅成低温热液矿田成矿系统形成机制的认识以及华南地区类似成矿系统的找矿部署。

本文在对罗卜岭赋矿斑岩体详细的镜下观察的基础上，测定了矿化斑岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄，分析了成矿岩浆的特征。

2 罗卜岭斑岩矿床区域地质及矿床地质特征

福建省上杭县紫金山矿田位于西太平洋成矿带，华南褶皱带内，闽西南古生代坳陷带西南(图 1a)，北东向宣和复式背斜与北西向上杭-云霄深断裂带的交汇部位(图 1b)。

图 1 区域地质图(据福建省地质矿产局, 1985修改) Fig. 1 Regional geological map (modified after BGMRF, 1985)

紫金山矿田内出露地层主要有：早震旦系楼子坝群、晚泥盆系天瓦岽组和桃子坑组、早石炭系林地组、早白垩系石帽山群及第四系。其中，楼子坝群为浅海相变质碎屑岩，天瓦岽组和桃子坑组为浅海-滨海相碎屑岩，石帽山群主要由英安质、粗安质、流纹质熔岩和火山碎屑岩组成，第四系主要为砂砾岩(图 2)。

图 2 罗卜岭斑岩矿床地质简图(据钟军等, 2011修改) Fig. 2 Simplified geological map of the Luoboling porphyry Cu-Mo deposit (modified after Zhong et al., 2011)

矿区内构造以宣和复式背斜和断裂为主。宣和复式背斜呈北东向展布，主要由震旦系和古生代地层组成(图 1)；断裂主要为北东向及北西向(图 2)，其中北西向断裂为紫金山矿集区的重要的导矿和赋矿构造(薛凯和阮诗昆, 2008; 王少怀等, 2009)。

矿区内的燕山期岩浆活动强烈，主要出露岩体由早到晚分别为：紫金山复式岩体(包括迳美中粗粒花岗岩，五龙子中细粒花岗岩和金龙桥细粒花岗岩)、才溪岩体、四坊岩体和罗卜岭斑岩体(图 2)。紫金山复式岩体位于矿田中部，形成于燕山晚期，锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为168±4Ma (赵希林等, 2008)；才溪中粗粒似斑状二长花岗岩出露于矿区北东部，呈北东向延伸，侵入于晚古生代地层中，锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为150±3Ma (赵希林等, 2007)；四坊中细粒花岗闪长岩侵入于紫金山复式岩体的东北部及才溪岩体的西南部，单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为107.8±1.2Ma (毛建仁等, 2002)；罗卜岭花岗闪长斑岩体位于矿田中南部，呈钳状侵入于四坊岩体中，其Rb-Sr等时线年龄为105±7Ma (张德全等, 2001)。

罗卜岭斑岩体地表出露部分呈岩瘤状，面积约0.20km²(图 2)，深部呈岩株形态(薛凯和阮诗昆, 2008)。矿区斑岩普遍发生蚀变，主要类型有硅化、钾化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、泥化、黄铁矿化等。矿体主要产于花岗闪长斑岩体的外接触带，赋存于绢云母化叠加钾化蚀变带和黄铁绢英岩化蚀变带中，矿化类型以铜钼为主，呈细脉浸染状及浸染状产于花岗闪长斑岩中；主要金属矿物有：黄铜矿、黄铁矿、斑铜矿及辉钼矿等。目前已控制铜金属含量超过100Mt，平均品位0.3%，钼金属资源超过0.1Mt，平均品位0.036%。

3 赋矿斑岩矿物组成特征

罗卜岭矿区地表植被较多，赋矿斑岩浅部风化蚀变较强。为分析罗卜岭斑岩矿床成矿岩体特征，我们在系统的岩芯观察的基础上，采集了ZK405、ZK709、ZK802等钻孔(图 2) 中蚀变较弱的岩芯样品。手标本观察显示，矿化斑岩分为两类：角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩和黑云母花岗闪长斑岩。在ZK709孔870m处观察到了晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩包裹早期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩(图 3a)，表明黑云母花岗闪长斑岩为两期岩浆作用形成的。

图 3 罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床两期矿化斑岩接触关系及矿物组合 (a)-罗卜岭两期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩的接触关系；(b)-ZK802孔角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩矿物组合，斑晶为斜长石、角闪石、黑云母、石英，基质为石英和钾长石；(c)-ZK405孔早期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩矿物组合，斑晶为斜长石、石英，黑云母，基质为石英和钾长石；(d)-ZK709孔晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩矿物组合，斑晶为斜长石、石英、黑云母，基质为石英和钾长石；(e)-基质中零星分布的硬石膏，与周围矿物接触边界平坦，未见反应边，为岩浆期结晶形成；(f)-热液期的石英-钾长石-硬石膏脉.Pl-斜长石；Q-石英；Bi-黑云母；Hb-角闪石；Anh-硬石膏；Kfs-钾长石 Fig. 3 Photographs showing contact relationship of two stages biotite granodiorite porphyries and mineral assemblage of the Luoboling ore-bearing porphyries (a)-photograph showing the relationship of two stages biotite granodiorite porphyries in Luoboling deposit; (b)-mineral assemblage of hornblende biotite granodiorite porphyry from ZK802. Phenocrysts include plagioclase, hornblende, biotite and quartz while the matrixes consist of quartz and feldspar; (c)-mineral assemblage of early stage biotite granodiorite porphyry from ZK405, the phenocrysts including plagioclase, quartz and biotite while the matrixes consist of quartz and feldspar; (d)-mineral assemblage of late stage biotite granodiorite porphyry from ZK709, the phenocrysts including plagioclase, quartz and biotite while the matrixes consist of quartz and feldspar; (e)-anhydrite distribute in the matrix. The crystal boundaries between anhydrite and other phases are planar, suggests that anhydrite is an igneous phase; (f)-the quartz-K-feldspar-anhydrite vein of the hydrotherma stage. Pl-plagioclase; Q-quartz; Bi-biotite; Hb-hornblende; Anh-anhydrite; Kfs-feldspar

角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩见于ZK802孔(图 3 b)，镜下观察显示其斑晶主要为斜长石、角闪石、石英、黑云母、钾长石，基质主要为石英和钾长石，各矿物的相对含量详见表 1。岩石普遍发生钾硅化、绢云母化及绿泥石化。

表 1 罗卜岭斑岩矿物含量(vol%) 统计 Table 1 Statistics of mineral content (vol%) of the Luoboling porphyries

早期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩见于ZK405孔(图 3 /1)，晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩见于ZK709孔(图 3 /1)。在76个样品光薄片镜下观察的基础上，我们对ZK405孔10个及ZK709孔6个蚀变较弱黑云母花岗闪长斑岩的光薄片矿物组成统计分析(表 1)。结果表明早晚两期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩的矿物组成基本相同：斑晶主要为斜长石、石英、黑云母和少量的钾长石，基质主要为石英和钾长石(图 3c, d)。但两者的斑晶矿物含量存在一定的差别(表 1)。主要表现在早期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩斑晶含量相对较少，在20%~35%之间，而其中53~83%为斜长石斑晶；晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩斑晶含量较高，在38%~44%之间，而其中石英和钾长石斑晶含量较早期的高，斜长石斑晶含量较早期的低(表 1)。

值得一提的是硬石膏在矿化斑岩中普遍出现，主要呈两种形式产出：(1) 零星分布于基质中(图 3e)，与其他矿物接触边界平坦，未见反应边，这和Stern et al.(2007)描述的岩浆期结晶析出的硬石膏特征相似，显示其是岩浆期形成的；(2) 分布于热液期石英-钾长石-硬石膏脉中(图 3f)，与矿化关系密切，主要出现深度为450~800m。

4 测试方法与分析结果

锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年样品采自钻孔岩芯。其中早期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩(LBL-81) 和晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩(LBL-132) 分别采自ZK405孔678m处和ZK709孔804m处；角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩(LBL-203) 采自ZK802孔247m处。

每个样品选取约0.5kg的岩石，研磨至80目，经筛选、淘选、磁选等处理后，在显微镜下手选出晶形完整的锆石70~80颗，装入环氧树脂中制成靶、磨光，在光学显微镜下选出无裂纹且包裹体不发育的锆石晶体进行测定。锆石LA-ICP-MS定年在中国科学院广州地球化学研究所ICP-MS实验室完成，测试时使用RESE (澳大利亚国立大学地质地球科学研究所) 标准锆石TEM作为标样。分析流程见文献(Harris et al., 2004)。

为了减少继承铅、铅丢失等对年龄的影响，在²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U-²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U图中谐和度低于90%的年龄数据将剔除(Liang et al., 2006)。锆石Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺据锆石微量元素含量及岩体微量元素含量计算(Ballard et al., 2002; Liang et al., 2006)。

罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床矿化斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别见表 2、表 3、表 4。

表 2 罗卜岭晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩(样品LBL-132) 锆石LA-ICP-MS分析结果 Table 2 Zircon LA-ICP-MS data of the Luoboling late stage biotite granodiorite porphyry (Sample LBL-132)

测点号	Pb	U	同位素比值										年龄(Ma)						谐和度
测点号	(×10^-6)		Th/U	Ce (Ⅳ)/Ce (Ⅲ)		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ	谐和度
LBL-132-01	25.0	1534.3	0.28	1529	0.01525	0.00035	0.10653	0.00755	0.05054	0.00360	0.00497	0.00025	102.8	6.9	100.1	4.9	97.6	2.2	94%
LBL-132-02	17.4	974.1	0.35	406	0.01634	0.00035	0.10990	0.00729	0.04865	0.00317	0.00504	0.00030	105.9	6.7	101.6	6.1	104.5	2.2	98%
LBL-132-03	19.7	1128.9	0.42	340	0.01532	0.00034	0.10064	0.00752	0.04772	0.00360	0.00505	0.00025	97.4	6.9	101.9	5.1	98.0	2.1	99%
LBL-132-04	20.8	1279.4	0.30	968	0.01472	0.00035	0.10277	0.00733	0.05049	0.00348	0.00526	0.00024	99.3	6.8	106.0	4.9	94.2	2.2	94%
LBL-132-05	23.9	1447.3	0.37	1642	0.01459	0.00031	0.10229	0.00767	0.05093	0.00371	0.00545	0.00029	98.9	7.1	109.8	5.9	93.4	2.0	94%
LBL-132-06	17.0	912.9	0.46		0.01616	0.00029	0.09304	0.00670	0.04191	0.00308	0.00475	0.00024	90.3	6.2	95.8	4.8	103.3	1.8	86%剔除
LBL-132-07	18.3	970.6	0.40	184	0.01618	0.00030	0.11520	0.00762	0.05165	0.00343	0.00557	0.00027	110.7	6.9	112.3	5.5	103.5	1.9	93%
LBL-132-08	20.4	1181.4	0.42		0.01503	0.00032	0.11211	0.00922	0.05480	0.00472	0.00492	0.00020	107.9	8.4	99.2	4.0	96.2	2.0	88%剔除
LBL-132-09	26.5	1294.3	0.93	832	0.01599	0.00040	0.11066	0.00731	0.04995	0.00305	0.00501	0.00018	106.6	6.7	101.0	3.6	102.3	2.5	95%
LBL-132-10	23.8	1376.4	0.31	980	0.01606	0.00037	0.11265	0.00763	0.05106	0.00350	0.00521	0.00023	108.4	7.0	105.0	4.5	102.7	2.4	94%
LBL-132-11	22.7	1304.9	0.28	1258	0.01609	0.00036	0.11314	0.00877	0.05049	0.00372	0.00509	0.00023	108.8	8.0	102.6	4.6	102.9	2.3	94%
LBL-132-12	30.5	1916.8	0.27	917	0.01441	0.00023	0.10257	0.00665	0.05100	0.00326	0.00533	0.00021	99.1	6.1	107.5	4.2	92.2	1.5	92%
LBL-132-13	24.4	1329.1	0.39	556	0.01633	0.00038	0.11273	0.00734	0.05011	0.00325	0.00575	0.00028	108.5	6.7	115.8	5.6	104.4	2.4	96%
LBL-132-14	28.3	1777.7	0.27	1469	0.01476	0.00031	0.09985	0.00592	0.04892	0.00295	0.00540	0.00027	96.6	5.5	108.8	5.5	94.4	2.0	97%
LBL-132-15	23.1	1457.4	0.25	176	0.01498	0.00032	0.09297	0.00637	0.04461	0.00305	0.00546	0.00028	90.3	5.9	110.0	5.7	95.9	2.1	93%
LBL-132-16	47.5	2962.8	0.37	680	0.01419	0.00023	0.09302	0.00575	0.04706	0.00300	0.00515	0.00025	90.3	5.3	103.9	4.9	90.8	1.5	99%
LBL-132-17	13.0	734.6	0.36	364	0.01596	0.00029	0.11138	0.00900	0.05040	0.00422	0.00511	0.00031	107.2	8.2	102.9	6.3	102.1	1.9	95%
LBL-132-18	25.4	1617.5	0.26	903	0.01471	0.00039	0.09983	0.00700	0.04817	0.00292	0.00581	0.00029	96.6	6.5	117.0	5.8	94.2	2.5	97%
LBL-132-19	33.0	2038.2	0.34	804	0.01437	0.00026	0.10270	0.00677	0.05092	0.00316	0.00521	0.00020	99.3	6.2	105.0	4.0	92.0	1.7	92%
LBL-132-20	13.2	719.1	0.28	264	0.01636	0.00032	0.11643	0.00752	0.05151	0.00339	0.00589	0.00029	111.8	6.8	118.8	5.9	104.6	2.0	93%
LBL-132-21	16.0	929.2	0.29	406	0.01559	0.00037	0.09572	0.00762	0.04540	0.00392	0.00525	0.00028	92.8	7.1	105.8	5.5	99.7	2.4	92%
LBL-132-22	18.6	1053.2	0.26	1100	0.01574	0.00027	0.11003	0.00772	0.05063	0.00366	0.00613	0.00031	106.0	7.1	123.5	6.1	100.7	1.7	94%
LBL-132-23	25.6	1529.2	0.34	859	0.01518	0.00036	0.10658	0.00657	0.05033	0.00288	0.00506	0.00021	102.8	6.0	102.1	4.2	97.1	2.3	94%
LBL-132-24	14.0	790.6	0.26	486	0.01592	0.00027	0.10728	0.00786	0.04864	0.00365	0.00603	0.00032	103.5	7.2	121.5	6.4	101.8	1.7	98%
LBL-132-25	21.9	1342.8	0.33	552	0.01441	0.00031	0.09516	0.00681	0.04736	0.00335	0.00544	0.00026	92.3	6.3	109.7	5.3	92.2	2.0	99%

表 2 罗卜岭晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩(样品LBL-132) 锆石LA-ICP-MS分析结果 Table 2 Zircon LA-ICP-MS data of the Luoboling late stage biotite granodiorite porphyry (Sample LBL-132)

表 3 罗卜岭早期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩(样品LBL-81) 锆石LA-ICP-MS分析结果 Table 3 Zircon LA-ICP-MS data of the Luoboling early stage biotite granodiorite porphyry (Sample LBL-81)

测点号	Pb	U	同位素比值										年龄(Ma)						谐和度
测点号	(×10^-6)		Th/U	Ce (Ⅳ)/Ce (Ⅲ)		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ	谐和度
LBL-81-01	12.5	644.4	0.53	199	0.01603	0.00036	0.10880	0.01208	0.04943	0.00557	0.00463	0.00034	104.9	11.1	93.3	6.8	102.5	2.3	97%
LBL-81-02	11.4	595.8	0.47	390	0.01624	0.00038	0.09969	0.01052	0.04476	0.00475	0.00456	0.00031	96.5	9.7	92.0	6.3	103.8	2.4	92%
LBL-81-03	11.7	599.3	0.60	186	0.01560	0.00031	0.11030	0.01144	0.05117	0.00534	0.00465	0.00027	106.2	10.5	93.8	5.4	99.8	2.0	93%
LBL-81-04	12.7	654.3	0.50	612	0.01632	0.00037	0.11371	0.01171	0.05033	0.00515	0.00423	0.00028	109.4	10.7	85.4	5.6	104.4	2.3	95%
LBL-81-05	12.8	681.8	0.44	625	0.01566	0.00035	0.10276	0.01158	0.04708	0.00536	0.00425	0.00027	99.3	10.7	85.7	5.5	100.2	2.2	99%
LBL-81-06	11.6	598.2	0.49	407	0.01640	0.00044	0.11060	0.01278	0.04893	0.00572	0.00474	0.00031	106.5	11.7	95.6	6.2	104.9	2.8	98%
LBL-81-07	13.0	608.8	0.81	113	0.01662	0.00040	0.11089	0.01140	0.04844	0.00499	0.00469	0.00025	106.8	10.4	94.5	5.0	106.3	2.5	99%
LBL-81-08	10.7	519.3	0.69	192	0.01669	0.00038	0.10522	0.01221	0.04574	0.00517	0.00462	0.00024	101.6	11.2	93.3	4.8	106.7	2.4	95%
LBL-81-09	11.4	607.8	0.42	949	0.01618	0.00032	0.10090	0.00973	0.04515	0.00449	0.00465	0.00030	97.6	9.0	93.8	6.1	103.4	2.0	94%
LBL-81-10	11.9	645.6	0.41	665	0.01621	0.00039	0.10836	0.01105	0.04782	0.00477	0.00463	0.00029	104.5	10.1	93.3	5.8	103.7	2.5	99%
LBL-81-11	12.3	658.2	0.49	584	0.01604	0.00032	0.10744	0.00990	0.04881	0.00460	0.00492	0.00030	103.6	9.1	99.2	6.0	102.6	2.0	98%
LBL-81-12	14.1	757.3	0.43	802	0.01604	0.00029	0.10880	0.00839	0.04967	0.00391	0.00475	0.00025	104.9	7.7	95.9	5.1	102.6	1.8	97%
LBL-81-13	12.3	645.1	0.53	435	0.01615	0.00037	0.11259	0.01064	0.05131	0.00482	0.00509	0.00027	108.3	9.7	102.6	5.3	103.3	2.4	95%
LBL-81-14	11.2	575.3	0.40	625	0.01696	0.00042	0.10683	0.00997	0.04692	0.00459	0.00544	0.00034	103.1	9.1	109.6	6.8	108.4	2.7	94%
LBL-81-15	12.1	624.2	0.49	308	0.01660	0.00041	0.10412	0.01046	0.04687	0.00499	0.00518	0.00034	100.6	9.6	104.4	6.8	106.2	2.6	94%
LBL-81-16	13.6	708.5	0.54	380	0.01620	0.00034	0.10869	0.01194	0.04881	0.00521	0.00515	0.00030	104.8	10.9	103.8	6.1	103.6	2.2	98%
LBL-81-17	12.3	653.7	0.50	524	0.01591	0.00035	0.11680	0.01132	0.05466	0.00554	0.00500	0.00027	112.2	10.3	100.8	5.5	101.8	2.2	90%
LBL-81-18	12.2	659.8	0.46	823	0.01604	0.00040	0.09816	0.00911	0.04556	0.00433	0.00494	0.00030	95.1	8.4	99.7	6.1	102.6	2.6	92%
LBL-81-19	17.5	898.5	0.70		0.01632	0.00042	0.09501	0.00769	0.04396	0.00382	0.00519	0.00021	92.2	7.1	104.7	4.2	104.4	2.7	87%剔除
LBL-81-20	6.2	348.7	0.29	3576	0.01601	0.00036	0.10722	0.01488	0.04960	0.00679	0.00475	0.00057	103.4	13.7	95.7	11.4	102.4	2.3	99%
LBL-81-21	10.0	571.2	0.35	787	0.01538	0.00039	0.09592	0.01006	0.04485	0.00448	0.00564	0.00048	93.0	9.3	113.6	9.6	98.4	2.5	94%
LBL-81-22	11.0	553.8	0.60	260	0.01641	0.00035	0.11359	0.01221	0.04960	0.00518	0.00543	0.00029	109.2	11.1	109.5	5.9	105.0	2.2	95%
LBL-81-23	13.1	735.3	0.34	970	0.01558	0.00030	0.10266	0.00988	0.04811	0.00484	0.00556	0.00034	99.2	9.1	112.1	6.8	99.6	1.9	99%
LBL-81-24	9.2	486.3	0.48	518	0.01605	0.00037	0.10851	0.01324	0.04984	0.00623	0.00485	0.00027	104.6	12.1	97.8	5.4	102.7	2.3	98%
LBL-81-25	10.4	533.5	0.50	182	0.01603	0.00038	0.11144	0.01606	0.05064	0.00758	0.00590	0.00034	107.3	14.7	118.8	6.8	102.5	2.4	95%

表 3 罗卜岭早期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩(样品LBL-81) 锆石LA-ICP-MS分析结果 Table 3 Zircon LA-ICP-MS data of the Luoboling early stage biotite granodiorite porphyry (Sample LBL-81)

表 4 罗卜岭早期角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩(样品LBL-203) 锆石LA-ICP-MS分析结果 Table 4 Zircon LA-ICP-MS data of the Luoboling early stage hornblende biotite granodiorite porphyry (Sample LBL-203)

测点号	Pb	U	同位素比值										年龄(Ma)						谐和度
测点号	(×10^-6)		Th/U	Ce (Ⅳ)/Ce (Ⅲ)		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ		±1σ	谐和度
LBL-203-01	13.3	651.5	0.49	1272	0.01613	0.00043	0.09846	0.01097	0.04324	0.00462	0.00468	0.00034	95.4	10.1	94.3	6.8	103.1	2.7	92%
LBL-203-02	15.5	726.6	0.54	1016	0.01645	0.00041	0.10852	0.01320	0.04814	0.00600	0.00513	0.00030	104.6	12.1	103.4	6.0	105.2	2.6	99%
LBL-203-03	13.2	655.3	0.37	205	0.01646	0.00045	0.10820	0.01542	0.04842	0.00684	0.00565	0.00054	104.3	14.1	113.9	10.9	105.3	2.8	99%
LBL-203-04	12.9	620.5	0.49	1344	0.01593	0.00035	0.10045	0.01241	0.04462	0.00549	0.00494	0.00038	97.2	11.5	99.6	7.6	101.9	2.2	95%
LBL-203-05	8.2	351.0	0.80	98	0.01709	0.00060	0.10808	0.02265	0.04717	0.01029	0.00522	0.00031	104.2	20.8	105.3	6.3	109.2	3.8	95%
LBL-203-06	4.8	158.8	0.81		0.01681	0.00084	0.12987	0.06428	0.04198	0.02567	0.01458	0.00143	124.0	57.8	292.5	28.4	107.4	5.3	85%剔除
LBL-203-07	11.6	570.1	0.37	552	0.01592	0.00037	0.11179	0.01256	0.05013	0.00562	0.00539	0.00042	107.6	11.5	108.7	8.4	101.8	2.4	94%
LBL-203-08	12.3	589.7	0.47	444	0.01611	0.00036	0.10990	0.01326	0.04882	0.00574	0.00469	0.00032	105.9	12.1	94.7	6.4	103.0	2.3	97%
LBL-203-09	14.4	674.1	0.53	289	0.01613	0.00037	0.10620	0.01221	0.04764	0.00548	0.00542	0.00037	102.5	11.2	109.3	7.4	103.2	2.4	99%
LBL-203-10	10.6	525.5	0.46	856	0.01611	0.00046	0.10159	0.01456	0.04518	0.00625	0.00428	0.00036	98.2	13.4	86.3	7.3	103.0	2.9	95%
LBL-203-11	6.2	237.0	0.98	1214	0.01660	0.00068	0.10299	0.02346	0.04509	0.01007	0.00677	0.00051	99.5	21.6	136.5	10.2	106.1	4.3	93%
LBL-203-12	15.4	750.6	0.41	1269	0.01617	0.00047	0.10169	0.00997	0.04606	0.00463	0.00527	0.00040	98.3	9.2	106.2	8.0	103.4	3.0	94%
LBL-203-13	10.4	506.6	0.45	879	0.01655	0.00054	0.10023	0.01421	0.04410	0.00611	0.00480	0.00039	97.0	13.1	96.8	7.8	105.8	3.4	91%
LBL-203-14	10.8	544.0	0.42		0.01587	0.00043	0.09380	0.00942	0.04242	0.00413	0.00547	0.00041	91.0	8.7	110.3	8.3	101.5	2.8	89%剔除
LBL-203-15	10.8	532.8	0.43	384	0.01658	0.00057	0.10751	0.01198	0.04916	0.00572	0.00499	0.00045	103.7	11.0	100.5	9.0	106.0	3.6	97%
LBL-203-16	15.4	768.7	0.47	455	0.01619	0.00044	0.10161	0.01137	0.04594	0.00522	0.00500	0.00040	98.3	10.5	100.8	8.1	103.6	2.8	94%
LBL-203-17	17.9	918.6	0.28	762	0.01628	0.00035	0.10506	0.01177	0.04682	0.00525	0.00516	0.00040	101.4	10.8	104.0	8.0	104.1	2.2	97%
LBL-203-18	14.2	720.0	0.30	521	0.01635	0.00044	0.10655	0.01071	0.04709	0.00463	0.00570	0.00043	102.8	9.8	115.0	8.7	104.6	2.8	98%
LBL-203-19	10.1	503.0	0.37	2461	0.01620	0.00040	0.11048	0.01410	0.04932	0.00641	0.00488	0.00045	106.4	12.9	98.4	9.1	103.6	2.5	97%
LBL-203-20	18.2	915.6	0.43	713	0.01593	0.00041	0.10836	0.01197	0.04876	0.00527	0.00438	0.00032	104.5	11.0	88.3	6.5	101.9	2.6	97%
LBL-203-21	9.7	472.4	0.46	387	0.01601	0.00041	0.11056	0.01885	0.04925	0.00843	0.00452	0.00035	106.5	17.2	91.1	7.0	102.4	2.6	96%
LBL-203-22	10.3	469.0	0.54	277	0.01627	0.00053	0.10573	0.01504	0.04858	0.00721	0.00530	0.00047	102.0	13.8	106.9	9.4	104.0	3.4	98%
LBL-203-23	13.9	704.2	0.53		0.01452	0.00040	0.11314	0.01388	0.05733	0.00735	0.00476	0.00029	108.8	12.7	95.9	5.8	93.0	2.5	84%剔除

5 讨论 5.1 矿化岩体的形成时代及岩浆活动期次

晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩LBL-132锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄25个分析点中，2个点的谐和度低于90%，在计算年龄时被排除，其余23个分析点年龄在90.8~104.6Ma之间。用Isoplot软件计算加权平均年龄为97.6±2.1Ma，MSWD=6.00(图 4a)。

图 4 罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床矿化斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄谐和图 Fig. 4 Concordia plots showing the zircon U-Pb analyses of the Luoboling mineralized porphyries

早期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩LBL-81共作25颗锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分析，除1个点的谐和度低于90%，在计算年龄时被排除外，其余24个点的年龄变化范围在98.4~108.4Ma之间。用Isoplot软件计算加权平均年龄为103.0±0.9Ma, MSWD=1.00(图 4b)。

角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩LBL-203的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄变化很小。在23个分析点中，除3个谐和度低于90%而在计算年龄时被排除外，其余20个点的年龄范围在101.8~109.2Ma之间。用Isoplot软件计算加权平均年龄为103.7±1.2Ma，MSWD=0.33(图 4c)。

测试的锆石主要为长柱状，晶形较好，Th/U比值较大，在0.25~0.98之间(表 2、表 3、表 4)；锆石CL图像韵律环带发育(图 5)。这表明锆石主要是岩浆结晶作用过程中形成的。锆石的U-Pb同位素体系的封闭温度较高(750±50℃)，抗后期干扰事件能力强，岩体锆石的U-Pb年龄可以代表岩体的结晶年龄。因此，罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床矿化花岗闪长斑岩锆石年龄代表成矿斑岩岩浆的侵位时代。

图 5 罗卜岭矿化斑岩锆石CL图 Fig. 5 CL images of analyzed zircon grains from the Luoboling ore-bearing porphyries

角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩LBL-203锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄(103.7±1.2Ma，MSWD=0.33) 和早期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩LBL-81锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄(103.0±0.9Ma, MSWD=1.00) 在误差范围内基本一致，表明其形成于同一期岩浆作用。晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩LBL-132的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄(97.6±2.1Ma，MSWD=6.00) 小于角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩和早期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄，这一结果与我们观察到的晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩包裹早期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩的地质现象一致。据罗卜岭赋矿斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄差异、两期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩接触关系及矿物组成的差异，我们认为罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床至少发生了两期岩浆活动：早期侵入时代在103Ma左右，主要形成角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩及黑云母花岗闪长斑岩；晚期岩浆侵入时代在97Ma左右，主要形成黑云母花岗闪长斑岩。

野外观察显示，罗卜岭两期斑岩都发育有斑岩型矿床典型的蚀变分带并伴随强烈矿化，显示晚期斑岩发生了成矿作用。早期斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄和梁清玲等(2012)的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄(104.9±1.6Ma) 在误差范围内一致，表明早期斑岩也发生了成矿作用。据此，我们初步认为罗卜岭斑岩矿床可能发生了两期斑岩矿床成矿事件，早期约在103Ma左右，晚期在97Ma左右。

5.2 岩浆特征及成因

斑岩铜金矿床成矿岩浆氧逸度一般较高(Sillitoe, 1997; Mungall, 2002; Sun et al., 2004; Liang et al., 2006, 2009)。高氧逸度岩浆中的硫主要为氧化硫，有利于岩浆中的成矿元素在岩浆熔融及分异结晶过程中发生富集，而锆石Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺比值可反映岩浆氧逸度相对高低，可作为区分成矿岩体与非成矿岩体的标志(Ballard et al., 2002; Liang et al., 2006)：智利的邱吉卡玛塔斑岩铜矿成矿斑岩锆石Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺比值大于300，而不含矿的则低于300(Ballard et al., 2002)；西藏的玉龙成矿带成矿岩体与非成矿岩体锆石Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺比值也明显不同(Liang et al., 2006; 梁华英等, 2010)。

罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床早期角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩LBL-203锆石Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺比值在98~2461之间，平均值为770(表 4)；早期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩LBL-81锆石Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺比值在113~3576之间，平均值为630(表 3)；晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩LBL-132锆石Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺比值在176~1642之间，平均值为768(表 2)，而区内才溪岩体、英安玢岩及四坊岩体锆石Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺平均值分别为：182、440、577(另文发表)。区内成矿岩体锆石Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺比值高于非成矿岩体锆石Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺比值，表明成矿岩体岩浆具较高的氧逸度。这与Ballard et al.(2002)和Liang et al.(2006)所得的结论一致。罗卜岭斑岩矿床两期成矿斑岩基质中普遍发育岩浆期的硬石膏，并在钾化阶段发育石英-钾长石-硬石膏脉，也表明成矿岩浆具高的氧逸度。

洋壳俯冲过程中脱水，在大陆边缘形成高氧化岩浆，因此，与洋壳俯冲有关的岩浆多具较高氧逸度(Ballhaus, 1993; Brandon and Draper, 1996; Parkinson and Arculus, 1999; Sun et al., 2007)。罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床矿化斑岩的高氧逸度较高，表明其可能与洋壳俯冲有关。考虑到中国东部在侏罗纪之前为活动大陆边缘(Xu et al., 1987; Zhou and Li, 2000; Zhu et al., 2005; Zhou et al., 2006)，而白垩纪古太平洋板块俯冲方向的改变与中国东部大型构造事件密切相关(Sun et al., 2007)。古太平洋板块在125~120Ma时俯冲方向发生变化(Koppers et al., 2001, 2003)，由SW方向俯冲转为NWW方向俯冲(Sun et al., 2007)。而罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床成岩成矿时代在103.6~97.6Ma之间。据此我们认为罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床及其所在的紫金山浅成低温-斑岩矿床成矿系统主要与古太平洋板块NWW方向俯冲有关，可能是古太平洋板块俯冲脱水导致上部地幔楔部分熔融的产物。

6 结论

(1) 罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床发生过两期岩浆活动：早期斑岩形成时代在103Ma左右，主要形成角闪黑云花岗闪长斑岩及黑云母花岗闪长斑岩；晚期斑岩形成时代在97Ma左右，主要形成黑云母花岗闪长斑岩。罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床可能发生了两期斑岩成矿事件。

(2) 罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床早晚两期成矿岩浆的Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺比值较大，岩石中普遍发育岩浆期石膏和钾化阶段的石英-钾长石-硬石膏脉，表明罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床的成矿岩浆为高氧逸度岩浆，区域内的高氧逸度岩浆更有利于成矿。罗卜岭高氧逸度成矿岩浆的形成可能和古太平洋板块向NWW方向俯冲有关。

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岩石学报 2013, Vol. 29 Issue (1): 283-293	PDF