岩石学报  2012, Vol. 28 Issue (11): 3715-3720   PDF    
引用本文
刘燊, 冯彩霞, 胡瑞忠, 冯光英, 于晓飞, 李才, 贾大成, 齐有强. 2012. 吉林东部海西期花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征与地壳增生. 岩石学报, 28(11): 3715-3720  
LIU S, FENG CX, HU RZ, FENG GY, YU XF, LI C, JIA DC and QI YQ. 2012. Zircon U-Pb age, Hf isotope character of the Hercynian granite in the eastern Jilin Province and the crustal growth. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 28(11): 3715-3720(in Chinese with English abstract)   
吉林东部海西期花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征与地壳增生
刘燊1, 冯彩霞1, 胡瑞忠2, 冯光英2, 于晓飞3, 李才3, 贾大成4, 齐有强2     
1. 西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室，西北大学地质学系，西安 710069;
2. 中国科学院地球化学研究所矿床地球化学国家重点实验室，贵阳 550002;
3. 吉林大学地球科学学院，长春 130061;
4. 吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院，长春 130061
2010-10-10 收稿; 2012-10-01 改回.
基金项目: 本文受西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室开放课题基金(08LCD08) 资助
第一作者简介: 刘燊，男，1974年生，博士，研究员，岩石地球化学专业，E-mail：liushen@nwu.edu.cn
摘要: 东北地区古生代花岗岩分布范围非常广泛，花岗岩研究对反演地壳增生意义重大。虽然如此，东部地区古生代花岗岩的研究仍相对薄弱，需要特别关注。LA-ICPMS U-Pb同位素定年结果表明，本研究花岗岩体为晚中生代海西期(262Ma) 岩浆活动的产物。锆石的LA-MC-ICPMS Hf同位素研究结果显示，εHf(t) 范围为1.35~5.62，二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2) 范围为1.1~1.4Ga，暗示花岗岩源区物质主要来自亏损地幔，同时暗示了一次重要的地壳增生事件。
关键词: 花岗岩     锆石U-Pb年龄     锆石Hf同位素     海西期     吉林东部    
Zircon U-Pb age, Hf isotope character of the Hercynian granite in the eastern Jilin Province and the crustal growth
LIU Shen1, FENG CaiXia1, HU RuiZhong2, FENG GuangYing2, YU XiaoFei3, LI Cai3, JIA DaCheng4, QI YouQiang2     
1. State Key Laboratory of Continental dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China;
3. College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China;
4. College of Geoexploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
Abstract: Paleozoic granites are widely spread in northeastern China, and they are very important for revealing crustal growth. Nevertheless, the study on the Paleozoic granites in east part is relatively weak; therefore, Paleozoic granite research in east part requires special attention. Zircon U-Pb dating by LA-ICPMS technique indicates that the studied granitic pluton was emplaced during Late Paleozoic (Hercynian) with a weighted age of 262.2±1.2Ma. Meanwhile, zircon Hf analyses conducted by LA-MC-ICPMS show that this pluton has variational εHf(262Ma) values from 1.35 to 5.62, indicating that the primary magma of the granites mainly resulted from a depleted asthenospheric mantle. In addition, the Hf two-stage modal ages change from 1091Ma to 1357Ma, suggesting an important crustal growth event beneath the studied area.
Key words: Granites     Zircon U-Pb age     Zircon Hf isotopes     Hercynian     Eastern Jilin Province    

东北是我国显生宙花岗岩极为发育(约30万平方千米) 的地区，由于东北地区被称为海西褶皱带，因此其中的花岗岩被认为是在晚古生代形成的(吴福元等，1999)。但近来研究表明，东北地区花岗岩的主体形成于中生代(230~120Ma)，只有少数岩体形成于古生代，而以前认为的大量海西期和加里东期花岗岩其实质大多都是中生代的侵人体(吴福元等，2007)。虽然东北地区海西期花岗岩的存在已成为事实(张德全，1993；黑龙江省地质矿产局，1993；Wilde et al., 1997; 吴福元等，1999)，然而，由于目前可靠的年龄数据仍较少(尤其是东北东部地区)，从而难以准确把握该期花岗岩的时空分布特点。另外，新元古代-显生宙是东北地区地壳增生的重要时期(吴福元等，1999)，而该区花岗岩研究对反演地壳增生有重要意义(姚玉鹏，1997；吴福元等, 1999, 2007；Jahn et al., 2000, 2001; Wu et al., 2000, 2002, 2003a, b, 2004, 2005; 孙德有等, 2001, 郭春丽等，2004；程瑞玉等，2006；葛文春等，2007)。因此，该区花岗岩精确年代学和Hf同位素研究尤为重要。

1 地质概况

研究区位于吉林省东北部张广才岭南段(图 1a)，花岗岩体在岩体组成上主要为黑云母花岗闪长岩，岩体规模有几千平方千米。主要矿物组成包括石英(0.5~2.5mm, 20%~30%)、斜长石(0.6~3.0mm, 45%~55%)、碱长石(0.5~2.5mm, 15%~20%)、黑云母(0.5~2.0mm, 5%~7%) 和少量角闪石(3.0%)。副矿物有锆石、榍石、少量磷灰石和不透明矿物(磁铁矿和钛铁矿)。虽然前期研究认为该岩体侵位时期为海西期(吉林省地质矿产局，1988)，但对该花岗岩的准确侵位年龄目前仍缺乏认识。另外，研究区还出露辉长岩、石英闪长岩(埃达克岩)(165Ma)(刘燊等，2009) 和燕山期闪长斑岩等岩浆岩(图 1b)。

图 1 东北地区主要块体分布图(a, 据Wu et al., 2002) 和研究区地质简图(b) Fig. 1 Distribution of major terrenes in northeastern China (a, after Wu et al., 2000) and the simplified geological map of the studied area (b)
2 测试方法

样品的破碎和锆石的挑选工作在河北廊坊区调院完成。锆石阴极发光图像处理在西北大学“大陆动力学国家重点实验室”完成；锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb同位素分析在中国地质大学(武汉)“地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室”完成。本次实验所采用的激光束斑直径为24μm。普通铅校正方法见Andersen (2002)，详细的测试流程见Yuan et al.(2004)，年龄计算采用GLITTER和ISOPLOT (Ludwig, 2003) 程序。锆石91500和NIST 610分别作为标准锆石和结果标定锆石。单个分析可信度为95%(1σ)。锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb同位素分析结果见表 1。锆石原位Lu-Hf同位素分析在中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所进行，所用仪器为配有193nm激光取样系统的Neptune多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-MC-ICPMS)，激光束斑直径为63μm，激光脉冲宽度为15ns，试验中采用He气作为剥蚀物质载气。详细测试流程以及仪器运行条件等参见Wu et al.(2006)。锆石原位Lu-Hf同位素测试结果见表 2。

表 1 研究区花岗岩(样品XBC-01) 的锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb分析结果 Table 1 LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating of the studied granite (sample XBC-01) in eastern Jilin Province

表 2 研究区花岗岩(样品XBC-01) LA-MC-ICPMS锆石Hf同位素分析结果 Table 2 Zircon Hf isotopic compositions of the studied granite (sample XBC-01) in eastern Jilin Province
3 分析结果 3.1 锆石U-Pb年龄

样品(2kg，XBC-01) 中锆石非常丰富，挑选出的锆石为自形无色透明状，大多锆石直径接近或大于100μm。阴极发光下所有都具有振荡环带结构(图 2)。所测试的锆石颗粒的Th/U比值范围为0.21~0.44(表 1)，具有岩浆锆石的特征。19个岩浆锆石的测试结果给出一个很好的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄(262.2±1.2Ma，MSWD=0.18)(图 2)，该年龄代表了该花岗岩体的岩浆结晶年龄。

图 2 花岗岩中代表性锆石的CL图像和锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb谐和年龄 Fig. 2 Representative cathodoluminescence (CL) images and the LA-ICP-MS U-Pb concordia age for the zircon grains from the granitic pluton
3.2 锆石Hf同位素组成

本次实验标准锆石91500的测定结果是0.282296±22，该值与目前用溶液法获得的值在误差范围内一致(Woodhead et al., 2004)。样品XBC-01总共分析了19个点(表 2)，176Hf/177Hf比值范围0.282650~0.282768，加权平均值为0.282692±0.000016(2σ, n=19)。εHf(262Ma) 范围为1.35~5.62(图 3)，平均值为2.89。二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2) 范围为1091~1357Ma，平均为1263Ma。

图 3 花岗岩中锆石的εHf(262Ma) 直方图 Fig. 3 Histograms of εHf(t) values of zircons with an age of 262Ma in the granitic pluton
4 讨论

目前，已有的高精度年代学数据表明，东北地区花岗岩从古生代到晚中生代都有分布(500~100Ma)(吴福元等, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2007；Wu et al., 2000, 2002, 2003a, b, 2004, 2005;孙德有等, 2001, 2005；张艳斌等, 2002a, b；郭春丽等，2004；Yang et al., 2004, 2006; 张炯飞等，2004；葛文春等, 2005, 2007；程瑞玉等，2006；张兴洲等，2006；武广等，2008)。但主体形成于230~120Ma之间，并可进一步划分为晚三叠-中侏罗世(230~160Ma) 和早白垩(130~120Ma) 两期(吴福元等，2007)，只有少数形成于古生代，且主要分布在大兴安岭地区(张德全，1993；黑龙江省地质矿产局，1993；吴福元等，1999；Wu et al., 2000, 2002; 隋振民等，2006；葛文春等，2007)、牡丹江地区(颉颃强等，2008) 和吉林省东部的延吉地区(Guo et al., 2007, 2009)。而东北东部地区分布较少，目前仍未见报道，可能是由于以前认为的大量海西期和加里东期花岗岩其实质大多都是中生代的侵人体。通过本文研究，研究区花岗岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明，该岩体的精确侵位年龄为262.2±1.2Ma，为晚古生代海西期岩浆活动的产物。

以往研究表明，中新元古代-显生宙(1400~500Ma) 是东北地区地壳增生的重要地质历史时期(吴福元等，1999；Wu et al., 2000, 2003b; 程瑞玉等，2006；葛文春等，2007)，并由此引起了不同地区不同时代花岗岩源区的多样性。通过对花岗岩中XBC-01锆石样品Hf同位素研究显示，εHf(t) 都为正值(1.35~5.62)，而且在εHf(t) 直方图上，该花岗岩体的数据都落在球粒陨石演化线的右侧(图 3)，表明花岗岩的源区物质主要来自亏损地幔。另外，锆石Hf二阶段模式年龄介于1.1~1.4Ga，暗示研究区在中-新元古代时期曾发生了一次重要的地壳增生事件。

5 结论

(1) 锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明研究区花岗岩成岩年龄为262.2±1.2Ma，为晚中生代海西期岩浆作用的产物；

(2) 锆石Hf同位素结果显示，花岗岩源区物质主要来源于亏损地幔，在中-新元古代时通过底侵进入下地壳(地壳增生)。

致谢 感谢西北大学弓虎军博士在CL图像处理上给予的帮助，以及中国地质大学(武汉) 刘勇胜博士和胡兆初博士在锆石U-Pb定年方面的帮助。
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