2012, Vol. 28
近年来, 有关华北克拉通早前寒武纪地质演化的最主要成果就是将其划分为东部陆块、西部陆块和中部碰撞带(中央碰撞造山带) 三个构造区(图 1a；Zhao et al., 2001, 2005；赵国春, 2009), 并将西部陆块划分为南部鄂尔多斯地块、北部阴山地块及其间的孔兹岩带(图 1a；Zhao and Wilde, 1999 Zhao et al., 2000, 2001, 2005；Guo et al., 2002；Kroner et al., 2005), 而对于东部陆块则确定出一条存在于古元古代的胶-辽-吉活动带(图 1b；Zhao et al., 1998, 2005；Zhai et al., 2005)。当前, 有关胶-辽-吉活动带仍然存在陆内裂谷、陆陆碰撞带和活动陆缘等三种观点(胡国巍, 1992；白瑾, 1993；Liu et al., 1997；Li et al., 1998, 2006；Li and Zhao, 2007；贺高品和叶慧文, 1998a, b；伍家善等, 1998；李三忠等, 2001；Faure et al., 2004；路孝平等, 2004a, b；Luo et al., 2004, 2008；Zhai et al., 2005；Lu et al., 2006), 其构造属性及地质演化历史仍然存在较大争议, 这制约了对区域构造演化历史的深化认识。
|
图 1 华北克拉通构造位置图(a) 和东部陆块胶辽吉活动带前寒武纪地质简图(b) (据Zhao et al., 2005修改) WB-西部陆块；EB-东部陆块；TNCO-中部碰撞带；YB-阴山地块；OB-鄂尔多斯地块.图 2位置标在方框内 Fig. 1 The tectonic location of The NCC (a) and Precambrian regional geological map of the Eastern Block in the NCC (modified after Zhao et al., 2005) WB-Western Block; EB-Eastern Block; TNCO-Trans-North China Orogen; YB-Yinshan Block; OB-Ordos Block. The location of Fig. 2 is indicated by the rectangle |
胶-辽-吉活动带主要分布于胶北、辽东和吉南地区(图 1b；Li et al., 1998, 2001, 2006；Luo et al., 2004；Zhai et al., 2005), 处于我国最古老残留陆核与大别-苏鲁高压-超高压变质带之间, 是我国古元古代构造带保存相对完整、物质组成及演化最为复杂的地区(伍家善等, 1998；万渝生等, 1998, 2001；Zhao et al., 2001, 2005；Li et al., 2006；Zhai et al., 2005；Lu et al., 2006；Liu et al., 2006；Wan et al., 2006；Jahn et al., 2008；Luo et al., 2008；赵国春, 2009；Tam et al., 2011a, b)。近年来, 许多学者通过对胶北地区变质沉积岩、TTG片麻岩、变质镁铁-超镁铁质透镜体和变质表壳岩等的研究, 制约了胶北地体前寒武基底形成时间、成因模式及其大地构造属性(Faure et al., 2004；Wan et al., 2005, 2006；Zhao et al., 2005；路孝平等, 2004a, b；Li et al., 2006；Li and Zhao, 2007；Lu et al., 2006；Tang et al., 2006, 2007；周喜文等, 2004, 2007；Jahn et al., 2008；Zhou et al., 2008)；相比之下, 对于出露有我国最古老岩石(Liu et al., 1992；Song et al., 1996, 万渝生等, 2001；刘敦一等, 2007)、早前寒武纪地质工作开展较早(姜春潮, 1987；Yang et al., 1988；胡国巍, 1992；白谨, 1993) 的辽东地区的早前寒武纪基础地质研究则相对薄弱, 并且已有的工作主要集中于该区南、北辽河群和花岗质岩石的年代学及其属性和构造变形作用研究上(Sun et al., 1993；Liu et al., 1997；贺高品和叶慧文, 1998a, b；李三忠等, 2001；蔡剑辉等, 2002；Luo et al., 2004, 2008；Li et al., 2006；Faure et al., 2004；Lu et al., 2006, 2006；Wan et al., 2006), 而对辽东南地区出露广泛的早前寒武纪片麻岩系的研究还多停留在简单的岩石地层对比及初步的变形作用研究上(万渝生等, 1998；吴春林等, 1997；卢良兆, 1996；伍家善等, 1998), 这对深化认识胶-辽-吉活动带地质演化、揭示其大地构造属性进而探讨华北克拉通东部早前寒武纪的构造演化还远远不够(沈其韩和钱祥麟, 1995；李江海等, 2000；Faure et al., 2004；Kroner et al., 2005；Zhao et al., 2005；Zhai et al., 2005；赵国春, 2009)。鉴于此, 本文选取辽东南地区变质程度相对较弱, 迄今尚未见地球化学研究成果报道的长海地区花岗质片麻岩进行详细的岩石学和地球化学研究, 并结合区域地质资料来讨论其原岩成因及形成的构造环境。
1 区域地质背景胶-辽-吉活动带位于华北克拉通东部块体的东段, 其北部介于辽北-吉南太古宙杂岩(龙岗地块) 和辽南-狼林太古宙杂岩(狼林地块) 之间, 南部从渤海延伸至胶北地体(图 1b)。该活动带主要由绿片岩相至角闪岩相变质的变火山-沉积岩系--即胶北粉子山群和荆山群、辽东南、北辽河群和吉南集安群(南辽河群) 和老岭群(北辽河群) 以及辽吉花岗质岩类和变质基性侵入体(变玄武岩和变粗玄岩) 等组成(图 1b；卢良兆, 1996；伍家善等, 1998；李三忠等, 2001；Luo et al., 2004, 2008；Li et al., 2006)。研究区位于胶辽吉带中东部--即辽东南长海地区(图 2a), 区内结晶基底主要由中-晚太古宙花岗质深成侵入体及其内少量的变质表壳岩(可与鞍山地区表壳岩上部对比, 姜春潮, 1987；万渝生等, 1998)、基性岩及超基性岩等包体组成, 早元古代地层为南辽河群, 主要由花岗质片麻岩类和孔兹岩系组成, 其中花岗质片麻岩类主要包括花岗质片麻岩、黑云花岗质片麻岩、黑云二长花岗质片麻岩、花岗闪长质片麻岩、二长花岗质片麻岩和糜棱岩化花岗质片麻岩等, 而孔兹岩系包括含硼矿床大理岩、含石墨黑云变粒岩、矽线石榴黑云片麻岩、石榴十字二云片岩等(卢良兆, 1996；贺高品和叶慧文, 1998a, b；李三忠等, 2001；Luo et al., 2004), 此外还出露有晚期盖层(图 2b；辽宁省地质矿产局, 1989)。
|
图 2 辽东南长海地区构造位置(a) 及前寒武纪地质简图及采样位置(b) Fig. 2 The tectonic location (a) and Precambrian geological map (b) of the Changhai in Southeast Liaoning Province, including representative sample locations |
本文所选样品具体采样位置如表 1和图 2所示。其中黑云二长花岗质片麻岩(图 3a) 和花岗闪长质片麻岩(图 3b), 前者矿物组成以斜长石、黑云母和石英为主, 总量在75%~85%左右, 含有少量的钾长石和角闪石等, 而后者则以斜长石、石英、钾长石为主, 含量在80%~95%左右, 暗色矿物含量介于5%~20%之间, 主要包括黑云母、帘石、角闪石及很少量的石榴石等, 副矿物可见榍石、锆石及磁铁矿等, 中细粒片状粒状变晶结构, 暗色矿物定向组成片麻理；而二长花岗质片麻岩(图 3c) 和糜棱岩化花岗质片麻岩(图 3d) 矿物组成以石英(35%~40%)、条纹长石(20%~25%)、斜长石(15%~20%) 和云母(10%~15%, 白云母相对较多) 为主, 副矿物可见榍石和磁铁矿等, 基质为片状粒状变晶结构, 片麻状构造, 后者糜棱岩化, 可见长石和石英变余碎斑结构。
|
表 1 辽东南长海地区花岗质片麻岩类样品的主要特征及采样位置 Table 1 Sample characters and locations of the granitic gneisses in Changhai of the Southeast Liaoning Province |
|
图 3 研究区代表性花岗质片麻岩的显微照片 (a)-花岗闪长质片麻岩；(b)-黑云二长花岗质片麻岩；(c)-二长花岗质片麻岩；(d)-糜棱岩化花岗质片麻岩.Pl-斜长石；Kfs-钾长石；Qtz-石英；Bt-黑云母；Ms-白云母；Amp-角闪石 Fig. 3 Micrographs of representative granitoid rocks in the studied region (a)-biotite granitic gneiss; (b)-granodioritic gneiss; (c)-monzogranitic gneiss; (d)-mylonitic granitic-gneiss. Pl-plagioclase; Kfs-potassium feldspar; Qtz-quartz; Bt-biotite; Ms-muscovite; Amp-amphibole |
最新研究成果揭示, 胶-辽-吉活动带火山-沉积岩系应形成于2.1~2.0Ga (路孝平等, 2004a, b；Luo et al., 2004, 2008；Li et al., 2005；Lu et al., 2006；Zhou et al., 2008), 其变质变形作用发生于1.93~1.85Ga (Luo et al., 2004, 2008；Li et al., 2005；Zhou et al., 2008)；此外有关辽吉花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果显示, 该区A型花岗岩和二长花岗质片麻岩应侵位于2.17~2.14Ga, 于1.91Ga发生变质；而同构造成因的环斑二长花岗岩、花岗岩及碱性正长岩应形成于1875~1843Ma (蔡剑辉等, 2002；路孝平等, 2004a；Lu et al., 2006)。然而, 对于本文辽东南长海地区的花岗质片麻岩类形成时代的确定, 由于缺乏系统而精确的同位素年代学证据, 前人还仅仅是通过区域岩石地层对比将其划归南辽河群(辽宁省地质矿产局, 1989), 而本课题组通过锆石La ICP-Ms U-Pb定年研究表明它们应形成于2.7~2.4Ga左右(未发表), 暗示其形成时代应为晚太古代, 与基底鞍山群形成时代相吻合(伍家善等, 1998；万渝生等, 2001；Wan et al., 2006；刘敦一等, 2007), 而并非前人所定的形成于早元古代。
2 分析方法为尽可能避免后期风化的影响, 对野外采集的样品经过薄片鉴定后, 选择新鲜的、含斑晶较少的样品进行地球化学分析。全岩成分在北京国家地质测试分析中心分析的。其中主量元素是用X荧光光谱法(XRF) 测定, 所用仪器为日本理学3080, 误差 < 0.5%；微量元素Zr、Sr、Ba、Zn、Rb和Nb也是用X荧光光谱法完成, 所用仪器为Rigaku-2100, 误差分别为Ba=5%, 其他元素 < 3%；稀土元素及V、Cr、Ni、Co、Cu、Pb、U、Th、Ta和Hf用TJA-PQ-ExCell等离子体光质谱仪分析完成, 误差 < 5%。分析结果列于表 2。
|
|
表 2 辽东南长海地区花岗质片麻岩类样品的主量元素(wt%) 和微量元素(×10-6) 分析结果 Table 2 Major (wt%), trace elements (×10-6) compositions for the granitic gneisses in Changhai of the Southeast Liaoning Province |
由于岩石变质程度微弱, 本文讨论主要基于变质作用是个等化学过程。辽东南长海地区花岗质片麻岩的主量元素分析结果列于表 2中。岩相学及地球化学属性揭示该区花岗质片麻岩类可以分为富钠和富钾两种花岗质岩石, 前者主要包括黑云二长花岗质片麻岩和花岗闪长质片麻岩, 在An-Ab-Or分类图解中, 投影点落入花岗闪长岩和奥长花岗岩区(图 4a)。该类岩石SiO2=63.37%~73.41%, 平均值为68.32%；A12O3=14.19%~16.93%, 平均值为15.32%；其Na2O和K2O的含量分别介于3.51%~5.40%和1.88%~3.37%之间, 相对富钠(Na2O/K2O=1.21~2.87), CaO的含量为1.78%~4.07%, 平均值约2.73%；而TiO2、Fe2O3T (全铁, Fe2O3T=FeO+0.8998×Fe2O3)、MnO和MgO的含量较低, 分别为0.20%~0.51%、1.37%~4.49%、0.02%~0.07%和0.59%~2.09%, 其平均含量分别为0.38%、3.12%、0.05%和1.34%, 且所有样品的Fe2O3T含量均高于MgO含量。这些特征均可与鞍山-本溪地区东鞍山二长花岗质岩石相对比(万渝生等, 1998；伍家善等, 1998；Faure et al., 2004)。
与之相比, 富钾花岗质片麻岩包括花岗质、二长花岗质和糜棱岩化花岗质片麻岩, 在图 4a中全部落入花岗岩区, 具有富硅(SiO2=71.66%~76.44%, 平均值为74.20%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O=7.17%~8.86%)、富钾(Na2O/K2O=0.63~0.94) 等特征, 铝含量相对较低(A12O3平均为13.67%)、更加贫Fe2O3T、MnO和MgO, 其平均含量分别为1.66%、0.02%和0.46%, 除CaO含量较低(0.16%~0.58%, 一个异常点为1.47%) 之外, 均与辽南大面积出露的钾质花岗岩相类似(万渝生等, 1998；伍家善等, 1998)。
|
图 4 辽东南长海地区花岗质片麻岩的化学分类 (a)-An、Ab、Or为标准矿物含量；(b)-K2O-Na2O-CaO图解上钠质和钙碱性趋势线及安第斯活动大陆边缘区域据Luais and Hawkesworth, 1994；奥长花岗质趋势线据Arth et al., 1974；Zimbabwe晚太古代活动大陆边缘区域据Kampunzu et al., 2003. 图 5~图 8图例同此图 Fig. 4 Geochemical classification of the granitic gneisses in Changhai of Southeast Liaoning Province (a)-An-Ab-Or normative compositions; (b)-K2O-Na2O-CaO diagram with the field of Andes and trends drawn according to Luais and Hawkesworth (1994) and Arth et al.(1974), and the field of Zimbabwe according to Kampunzu et al.(2003). Symbols in Fig. 5-Fig. 8 same as in this figure |
在K2O-Na2O-CaO图解上, 本文所有样品(除样品DD29-1) 均落入钙碱性和钠质演化线之间, 并且与Q-Ab-Or图解(图略) 共同指示钙碱性的演化趋势(图 4b)。在阳离子标准矿物成分Q/(Q+Or+Ab+An)-An/(Or+An) 分类图解中, 富钠花岗质片麻岩主要落入花岗闪长岩区域内(图 5a), 在SiO2-K2O图解中属于中钾钙碱性系列(图略), 并且除DD10-3和DD29-1之外, 在A/NK-A/CNK图解(图 5b) 中全部落入准铝质范围内(A/CNK=1.00~1.08)；而富钾花岗质岩石在图 5a中主要落入碱性花岗岩内, 属于高钾钙碱性系列, 具有过铝质的地球化学属性(A/CNK=1.10~1.27, 图 5b)。上述特征暗示其原岩可能分别为花岗闪长岩和碱性花岗岩, 并且均具有壳源成因特点。
|
图 5 辽东南长海地区花岗质片麻岩的标准矿物Q/(Q+Or+Ab+An)-An/(Or+An)(a) 和A/NK-A/CNK分类图解(b) Algr-碱性花岗岩；sgr-正长花岗岩；mzgr-二长花岗岩；gd-花岗闪长岩；q-alsn-石英碱性长石正长岩；a-sn-石英正长岩；q-mz-石英二长岩 Fig. 5 Q/(Q+Or+Ab+An)-An/(Or+An) (a) and A/NK-A/CNK (b) diagrams for the granitic gneisses in Changhai of Souheast Liaoning Province Algr-alkaline granite; sgr-syenogranite; mzgr-monzogranite; gd-granodiorite; q-alsn-quartz alkaline syenite; q-sn-quartz syenite; q-mz-quartz monzonite |
根据稀土元素和微量元素分析结果(表 2) 可知, 富钠花岗质片麻岩的稀土总量(ΣREEs) 为68.95×10-6~464.5×10-6 (平均值为169.4×10-6), 轻稀土元素(LREEs) 介于62.78×10-6~453.4×10-6之间, 重稀土元素(HREEs) 介于3.77×10-6~11.03×10-6之间, 其LREEs/HREEs=10.18~41.11、(La/Yb)N=10.79~79.55, 平均值分别为22.07和32.75, 在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图解中, 配分曲线呈明显的右倾型, 富集LREEs、强烈亏损HREEs, 轻重稀土元素分馏明显, 且主要是轻稀土元素之间的分馏((La/Sm)N=4.29~10.72, (Gd/Yb)N=1.54~3.03), 并具有弱的负铕异常(δEu=0.77~0.96, 除一个点为1.07) (图 6a)；在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图中, 表现出富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs, Cs、Ba、Th、U、K), 且Ba相对于Rb和Th出现亏损, 在Rb、Ba、Th部分呈“V”字型的特征；高场强元素(HFSEs) Nb、Ta、Ti、P等明显亏损, 而Zr、Hf并不具备这种特点, 同时具有强烈的Pb的正异常(图 6b)。
|
图 6 辽东南长海地区花岗质片麻岩的球粒陨石标准化配分图解(a、c, 标准化值据Boynton, 1984) 和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b、d, 标准化值据Sun and Mc Donough, 1989) Fig. 6 Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a, c, normalizing data after Boynton, 1984) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagrams (b, d, normalizing data after Sun and McDonough, 1989) for the granitic gneisses in Changhai of Souheast Liaoning Province |
研究区富钾花岗质片麻岩的稀土总量(ΣREEs) 为97.96×10-6~286.7×10-6 (平均值为170.3×10-6)、LREEs=91.99×10-6~271.3×10-6、HREEs=5.05×10-6~15.41×10-6, 其LREEs/HREEs=15.41~30.24(平均值为20.43)、(La/Yb)N=12.66~29.33(平均值为20.51)、(La/Sm)N=5.40~7.02、(Gd/Yb)N=0.84~2.02, 富集LREEs、LILEs (Ba、Th、U、K等, 且Ba相对于Rb和Th也出现亏损) 和Pb, 明显亏损HREEs和HFSEs (Nb、Ta、Ti、P等) (图 6c, d)。与该区富钠花岗质岩石不同, 富钾花岗质岩石LREEs含量稍低, 轻重稀土分馏程度要弱一些, 并出现中等的负铕异常(δEu=0.34~0.74) (图 6c)；而在微量元素蛛网图中Ba相对于Rb和Th以及Nb、Ta、Ti、P等元素的亏损程度更强, 并出现强烈的Sr的负异常(图 6d)。
4 讨论 4.1 分离结晶在Harker图解上(图略), 研究区花岗质片麻岩类随SiO2含量的增高, 其Al2O3、Fe2O3T、MgO、TiO2、P2O5等含量连续降低, K2O含量逐渐升高, 显示岩浆分异演化特点, 而且其K2O/Na2O比值也逐渐升高(图 7a), 暗示岩浆演化由富Na2O向富K2O方向演化, 这也与该区两类花岗质片麻岩类的岩相学特征相吻合；并且在岩浆演化过程中, 含Fe、Mg、Ti等的镁铁质矿物(黑云母) 和含Ca、Al、K等的长英质矿物(长石类) 的分离应占主导地位, 这也与样品中Cr、Co、Ni等元素含量随SiO2含量升高而降低的特点相一致(图 7b)。根据微量元素变化趋势与矿物相分离结晶的关系(李昌年, 1991), 应用Rb-Sr (Rb/Sr) 图解表明, 研究区富钠花岗质片麻岩类是以黑云母和斜长石的分离为主, 而富钾花岗质片麻岩类则以条纹长石和斜长石的分离为主(图 7c, d), 这也与本文样品稀土元素配分型式(图 6a, c)、微量元素中Eu和Sr异常特点(图 6b, d) 以及Sr (Y)-SiO2图解(图 7e, f) 分析结果相一致。此外, 本文所有样品均显示强烈的P和Ti的负异常, 指示在原岩形成过程中磷灰石、榍石和钛-磁铁矿的分离可能是导致其异常的主要原因；而Ba的负异常则应与岩浆演化过程中黑云母的分离相联系。
|
图 7 研究区花岗质片麻岩的SiO2-K2O/Na2O (或Cr+Co+Ni、Sr和Y) 和Rb-Sr (或Rb/Sr) 图解 Amp-角闪石；bi-黑云母；Kfs-钾长石；pl-斜长石 Fig. 7 SiO2-K2O/Na2O (or Cr+Co+Ni, Sr and Y) and Rb-Sr (or Rb/Sr) diagrams for the granitic gneisses in the studied region Amp-amphibole; bi-biotite; Kfs-feldspar; pl-plagioclase |
辽东南长海地区花岗质岩石变质程度相对较弱, 据此可以认为其地球化学属性较好的保留了原岩的性质。详细的岩石学与地球化学分析结果显示, 该区花岗质片麻岩类可以分富钠和富钾两类花岗质岩石。在An-Ab-Or图解中前者分布于花岗闪长质和奥长花岗质区域内(图 4a)。该类岩石富硅、富钠、高铝, 具有钙碱性演化趋势(图 4b), 强烈亏损HREEs和HFSEs, 这些特征均可与太古代的TTG片麻岩、埃达克岩以及由年轻的俯冲板片部分熔融所形成的高铝TTG相对比(Defaut and Drummond, 1990；Martin, 1999；Smithes, 2000；Smithes and Champion, 2000；Martin et al., 2005)。但是与之不同, 该区富钠花岗质岩石K2O/Na2O>0.5, 岩浆分异过程中具有钾富集趋势, 而在微量元素蛛网图中又显示Ba的明显亏损以及Eu和Sr无明显异常等特征(图 6b), 并且其岩石组合也与TTG或埃达克岩明显不同。而上述特征均与辽宁鞍山-本溪地区东鞍山二长花岗质岩石相类似(万渝生等, 1998；伍家善等, 1998), 结合其微量元素中HFSEs特征(图 6b), 暗示该区富钠花岗质片麻岩类的原岩性质应具有弧岩浆作用的特点(Martin, 1993, 1994；Faure et al., 2004；Meng et al., 2008, 2011)。在Q/(Q+Or+Ab+An)-An/(Or+An) 分类图解中本区富钠花岗质片麻岩主要落入花岗闪长岩区域内(图 5b), 暗示其原岩应为岩浆弧型花岗闪长岩。此外, 该类岩石富硅、富钠、高铝及LREEs和LILEs的富集等特征揭示其岩浆应起源于中酸性陆壳物质的部分熔融, 而HFSEs中Nb、Ta、Ti强烈亏损, Zr、Hf无明显亏损, 结合其与洋中脊玄武岩及球粒陨石相近的Zr/Hf比值(33.0~43.5, 平均值为36.8) 等特征, 说明源区物质部分熔融时可能有与俯冲作用相联系的玄武质物质的参与。
该区富钾花岗质岩石元素组成以高硅、富钾、贫铁、镁、钙以及过铝质的地球化学属性为特征。在An-Ab-Or和Q/(Q+Or+Ab+An)-An/(Or+An) 分类图解中分别落入花岗岩和碱性花岗岩区域内(图 4a、图 5a), 其轻重稀土元素分馏相对较弱, HREEs呈平坦型且无明显亏损, 并出现中等的负铕异常(δEu=0.34~0.74) (图 6c), 上述特征均与本区富钠花岗质岩石以及TTG和埃达克岩等明显不同(Defaut and Drummond, 1990；Martin, 1999；Smithes, 2000；Smithes and Champion, 2000；Martin et al., 2005), 而在Nb-Y及Ta-Yb图解中, 样品主要落入同碰撞区域内(图 8a, b), 这均与辽宁南部大面积出露的以鞍山-本溪地区齐大山-弓长岭为代表的钾质花岗岩相类似(万渝生等, 1998；伍家善等, 1998), 结合其微量元素蛛网图中Rb、Th、K、Pb的相对富集以及Sr、P、Ti强烈亏损等特征, 暗示其原岩可能为具有碰撞型花岗岩属性的碱性花岗岩, 并且其岩浆应起源于成熟度相对较高的中酸性陆壳物质的部分熔融, 这也与该类岩石与富钠花岗质岩石相比更强的负Eu异常和Ba的亏损等特征相吻合(万渝生等, 1998)。
4.3 形成的构造环境辽宁东南部长海地区富钠花岗质岩石属于中钾钙碱性系列, 地球化学属性揭示其原岩具有弧岩浆作用的特点(Martin, 1993, 1994)。在Pearce et al.(1984)Nb-Y和Rb-(Y+Nb) 图解中, 该类岩石也都投影在火山弧区域内(图 8), 并显示类似于大陆边缘弧花岗岩类的特征(图 5b、图 8b), 与现代大洋板块向大陆板块之下俯冲形成的岩浆杂岩带相类似；在K2O-Na2O-CaO图解中落入非洲南部博茨瓦纳Zimbabwe活动大陆边缘区域内(图 4b；Kampunzu et al., 2003；薛怀民等, 2006), 暗示本区富钠花岗质岩石应形成于一个具有活动大陆边缘属性的构造环境。研究区在构造位置上位于狼林地块(胶辽陆块) 中东部, 区域上与该区性质相似的钠质花岗岩总体呈N-NE向带状展布(伍家善等, 1998；万渝生等, 1998；Li and Zhao, 2007), 暗示该区富钠花岗质岩石的形成可能与狼林地块(或胶辽地块) 东南及南部先存洋盆N-NW向向陆块之下的俯冲作用有关。此外, 区域上辽西、辽南鞍本地区、金州地区中-晚太古代TTG岩浆岩-绿岩带、片麻状花岗岩类和一些变质表壳岩系以及辽北-吉南地区晚太古代花岗质岩石的形成也都应与这次洋陆俯冲相联系(白瑾, 1993；伍家善等, 1998；万渝生等, 1998；李俊建等, 1998；李江海等, 2000；Zhai et al., 2005；Zhao et al., 2005)。而富钾花岗质岩石在Nb-Y图解上全部落入火山弧或同碰撞花岗岩区域内(图 8a), 区分火山弧和同碰撞花岗岩则可用Ta-Yb图解, 分析结果显示, 样品主要位于两者分界线附近偏同碰撞区域内(图 8b), 这也与其高硅、富钾、过铝质的地球化学属性相吻合, 暗示该区富钾花岗岩应形成于同碰撞的构造环境, 该类岩石以及鞍山-本溪地区钾质花岗岩的形成则应与洋壳俯冲闭合之后的碰撞拼贴作用相联系(伍家善等, 1998)。尽管这些图解来自于现代板块构造环境下花岗质岩石实际资料的总结, 但它们依然为判定本区花岗质片麻岩形成的构造环境提供了重要佐证。
|
图 8 研究区花岗质片麻岩的微量元素Nb-Y和Ta-Yb构造环境判别图解 ORG-洋脊花岗岩；Syn-COLG-同碰撞花岗岩；VAG-火山弧花岗岩；WPG-板内花岗岩 Fig. 8 Nb-Y, Ta-Yb and Rb-(Y+Nb or Yb+Ta) discrimination diagrams of tectonic settings for the granitic gneisses in the studied region ORG-oreanic ridge granites; Syn-COLG-syn-collisional granites; VAG-volcanic arc granites; WPG-within plate granites |
(1) 辽东南长海地区花岗质片麻岩类按矿物组成及地球化学属性可以划分为富钠和富钾两类花岗质片麻岩, 前者包括黑云二长花岗质片麻岩和黑云花岗闪长质片麻岩, 后者包括花岗质、二长花岗质和糜棱岩化花岗质片麻岩。
(2) 辽东南长海地区富钠花岗质片麻岩形成于中酸性陆壳物质的部分熔融, 并可能有玄武质物质的加入, 原岩应为具有活动大陆边缘属性的花岗闪长岩, 其形成应与狼林地块(或胶辽地块) 东南及南部先存洋盆向陆块之下的俯冲作用相联系。
(3) 辽东南长海地区富钾花岗质片麻岩起源于中酸性陆壳物质的部分熔融, 原岩为具有碰撞型花岗岩属性的碱性花岗岩, 其形成应与洋壳消减闭合之后的碰撞拼贴作用相联系。
| [] | Arth JG, Barker F, Peterman ZE, Friedman I, Desborouth GA. 1974. Geochemistry of the gabbro, diorite, tonalite, trondhjemite suite of the Kalanti area, Southwest Finland. Gelogical Society America Abstracts with Programs, 6: 637–638. |
| [] | Bai J. 1993. The Precambrian Geology and Pb-Zn Mineralization in the Northern Margin of North China Plateform. Beijing: Geological Publishing House: 47-89. |
| [] | Boynton WV. 1984. Geochemistry of the rare earth elements: Meteorite studies. In: Henderson (ed.). Rare Earth Element Geochemistry. Elservier, 63-114 http://www.oalib.com/references/17381825 |
| [] | Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Liaoning Province. 1989. Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House: 6-324. |
| [] | Cai JH, Yan GH, Mu BL, Xu BL, Shao HX, Xu RH. 2002. U-Pb and Sm-Nd isotopic ages of an alkaline syenite complex body in Liangtun-Kuangdongguo, Gai County of Liaoning Province and their geological significance. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 18(3): 349–354. |
| [] | Defant MJ, Drummond MS. 1990. Derivation of some modern arc magmas by melting of young subducted lithosphere. Nature, 347: 662–665. DOI:10.1038/347662a0 |
| [] | Faure M, Lin W, Moni P, Bruguier O. 2004. Palaeoproterozoic arc magmatism and collision in Liaodong Peninsula, NE China. Terra Nova, 16(2): 75–80. DOI:10.1111/ter.2004.16.issue-2 |
| [] | Guo JH, O'Brien P, Zhai MG. 2002. High-pressure granulites in the Sanggan area, North China craton: Metamorphic evolution, PT paths and geotectonic significance. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 20(8): 741–756. DOI:10.1046/j.1525-1314.2002.00401.x |
| [] | He GP, Ye HW. 1998a. Compositions and main characteristics of Early Proterozoic metamorphic terrains in the eastern Liaoning and the southern Jilin areas. Journal of Changchun University Science and Techonology, 28(2): 121–126. |
| [] | He GP, Ye HW. 1998b. Two types of Early Proterozoic metamorphism in the eastern Liaoning and southern Jilin provinces and their tectonic implications. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 14(2): 152–162. |
| [] | Hu GW. 1992. The basic structural characteristics of the Early Proterozoic Liaohe Group. Bulletin of Tianjin Institute Geology Mineral Resources, 26/27: 179–188. |
| [] | Jahn BM, Liu DY, Wan YS, Song B, Wu J. 2008. Archean crustal evolution of the Jiaodong Peninsula, China, as revealed by zircon SHRIMP geochronology, elemental and Nd-isotope geochemistry. American Journal of Science, 308(3): 232. DOI:10.2475/03.2008.03 |
| [] | Jiang CC. 1987. Precambrian Geology of Eastern Part of Liaoning and Jilin. Shenyang: Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House: 272-280. |
| [] | Kampunzu AB, Tombale AR, Zhai M, Bagai Z, Majaule T, Modisi T. 2003. Major and trace element geochemistry of plutonic rocks from Francistown, NE Botswana craton. Lithos, 71: 431–460. DOI:10.1016/S0024-4937(03)00125-7 |
| [] | Kroner, Wilde AS, Li J, Wang K. 2005. Age and evolution of a Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic upper to lower crustal section in the Wutaishan/Hengshan/Fuping terrain of northern China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24(5): 577–595. DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.01.001 |
| [] | Li CN. 1991. Trace Elements Petrology of Igneous. Wuhan: Chinese Geology University Press: 57-66. |
| [] | Li JH, Qian XL, Huang XN. 2000. Tectonic framework of North China Block and its cratonization in the Early Precambrian. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 16(1): 1–10. |
| [] | Li JJ, Shen BF, Li SB, Mao DB. 1998. Geological feature and evolution of the early Precambrian continental crust in northern Liaoning Province and southern Jilin Province. Regional Geology of China, 17(1): 30–38. |
| [] | Li SZ, Yang ZS, Liu YJ. 1998. Stratification of metamorphic belts and its genesis in the Liaohe Group. Chinese Science Bulletin, 43: 430–434. DOI:10.1007/BF02883726 |
| [] | Li SZ, Han ZZ, Liu YJ, Yang ZS, Ma R. 2001. Continental dynamics and regional metamorphism in the Liaohe Group. Geological Review, 47(1): 9–18. |
| [] | Li SZ, Zhao GC, Sun M, Han ZZ, Luo Y, Hao DF, Xia XP. 2005. Deformation history of the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe assemblage in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24(5): 659–674. DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.11.008 |
| [] | Li SZ, Zhao GC, Sun M, Han ZZ, Zhao GT, Hao DF. 2006. Are the South and North Liaohe Groups of North China Craton different exotic terranes?. Nd isotope constraints. Gondwana Research, 9: 198–208. |
| [] | Li SZ, Zhao GC. 2007. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Liaoji granitoids: Constraints on the evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji belt in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research, 158(1-2): 1–16. DOI:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.001 |
| [] | Liu DY, Nutman AP, Compston W, Wu JS, Shen QH. 1992. Remnants of>3800Ma crust in the Chinese part of the Sino-Korean Craton. Geology, 20: 339–342. DOI:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0339:ROMCIT>2.3.CO;2 |
| [] | Liu DY, Wan YY, Wu JS, Wilde SA, Dong CY, Zhou HY, Yin XY. 2007. Archean crustal evolution and the oldest rocks in the North China Craton. Geological Bulletin of China, 26(9): 1131–1138. |
| [] | Liu FL, Gerdes A, Liou JG, Xue HM, Liang FH. 2006. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating from Sulu-Dabie dolomitic marble, eastern China: Constrains on prograde, ultrahigh-pressure and retrograde metamorphic ages. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 24: 569–589. DOI:10.1111/jmg.2006.24.issue-7 |
| [] | Liu JL, Liu YJ, Chen H, Sha DM, Wang HC. 1997. The inner zone of the Liaoji Paleorift: Its early structural styles and structural evolution. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 15(1): 19–31. DOI:10.1016/S1367-9120(97)90103-6 |
| [] | Lu LZ. 1996. The Precambrian metamorphic geology and tectonic evolution of the Jiao-Liao massif. Journal of Changchun University Earth Science, 26: 25–32. |
| [] | Lu XP, Wu FY, Zhang YB, Zhao CB, Guo CL. 2004a. Emplacement age and tectonic setting of the Paleoproterozoic Liaoji granites in Tonghua area, southern Jilin Province. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 20(3): 381–392. |
| [] | Lu XP, Wu FY, Lin JQ, Sun DY, Zhang YB, Guo CL. 2004b. Geochronological successions of the Early Precambrian granitic magmatism in southern Liaodong Peninsula and its constraints on tectonic evolution of the North China Craton. Chinese Journal of Geology, 39(1): 123–138. |
| [] | Lu XP, Wu FY, Guo JH, Wilde SA, Yang JH, Liu XM, Zhang XO. 2006. Zircon U-Pb geochronological constraints on the Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution of the Eastern block in the North China Craton. Precambrian Research, 146(3-4): 138–164. DOI:10.1016/j.precamres.2006.01.009 |
| [] | Luais B, Hawkesworth CJ. 1994. The generation of continental crust: An integrated study of crust-forming processes in the Archaean of Zimbabwe. Journal of Petrology, 35: 43–93. DOI:10.1093/petrology/35.1.43 |
| [] | Luo Y, Sun M, Zhao GC, Li SZ, Xu P, Ye K, Xia X. 2004. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages of the Liaohe Group in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton: Constraints on the evolution of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt. Precambrian Research, 134(3-4): 349–371. DOI:10.1016/j.precamres.2004.07.002 |
| [] | Luo Y, Sun M, Zhao GC, Li SZ, Ayers JC, Xia X, Zhang J. 2008. A comparison of U-Pb and Hf isotopic compositions of detrital zircons from the North and South Liaohe groups: Constraints on the evolution of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt, North China Craton. Precambrian Research, 163(3-4): 279–306. DOI:10.1016/j.precamres.2008.01.002 |
| [] | Martin H. 1993. The mechanism of petrogenesis of the Archean continental crust-comparison with modern processes. Lithos, 30: 373–388. DOI:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90046-F |
| [] | Martin H. 1994. The Archaean grey gneisses and the genesis of the continental crust. In: Condie KC (ed.). The Archaean Crustal Evolution. Elsevier, 205-259 |
| [] | Martin H. 1999. The adakitic magmas: Modern analogues of Archaean granitoids. Lithos, 46(3): 411–429. DOI:10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00076-0 |
| [] | Martin H, Smithies RH, Rapp R. 2005. An overview of adakite, tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG), and sanukitoid: Relationships and some implications for crustal evolution. Lithos, 79: 1–24. DOI:10.1016/j.lithos.2004.04.048 |
| [] | Meng E, Xu WL, Pei FP, Yang DB, Yu Y, Zhang XZ. 2008. Permian volcanisms in eastern and southeastern margins of the Jiamusi Massif, northeastern China: Zircon U-Pb chronology, geochemistry and its tectonic implications. Chinese Science Bulletin, 53: 1231–1245. |
| [] | Meng E, Xu WL, Pei FP, Yang DB, Yu Y, Zhang XZ. 2011. Permian bimodal volcanism in the Zhangguangcai Range of eastern Heilongjiang Province, NE China: Zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope and geochemical evidence. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 41(2): 119–132. DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.01.005 |
| [] | Pearce JA, Harris NB, Tindle AG. 1984. Trace element discrimination diagram for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25: 956–983. |
| [] | Shen QH, Qian XL. 1995. Archean rock assemblages, episodes and tectonic evolution of China. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 2: 113–120. |
| [] | Smithes RH. 2000. The Archaean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) series is not an analogue of Cenozoic adakite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 182(2): 115–125. |
| [] | Smithes RH, Champion DC. 2000. The Archaean high-Mg diorite suite: Links to tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite magmatism and implications for Early Archaean crustal growth. Journal of Petrology, 41(12): 1653–1671. DOI:10.1093/petrology/41.12.1653 |
| [] | Song B, Nutman AP, Liu DY, Wu JS. 1996. 3800 to 2500Ma crustal evolution in the Anshan area of Liaoning Province, northeastern China. Precambrian Research, 78: 79–94. DOI:10.1016/0301-9268(95)00070-4 |
| [] | Sun M, Armstrong RL, Lambert RS, Jiang CC, Wu JH. 1993. Petrochemistry and Sr, Pb and Nd istopic geochemistry of Palaeoproterozoic Kundian Complex in the eastern Liaoning Province, China. Precambrian Research, 62: 171–190. DOI:10.1016/0301-9268(93)90099-N |
| [] | Sun SS, McDonough WF. 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implication for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunder AD and Norry MJ (eds.). Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society Special Publication, 42: 313–345. DOI:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.19 |
| [] | Tam PY, Zhao GC, Liu FL, Zhou XW, Sun M, Li SZ. 2011a. Timing of metamorphism in the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt: New SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of granulites, gneisses and marbles of the Jiaobei massif in the North China Craton. Gondwana Research, 19: 150–162. DOI:10.1016/j.gr.2010.05.007 |
| [] | Tam PY, Zhao GC, Zhou XW, Sun M, Guo JH, Li SZ, Yin CQ, Wu ML and He YH. 2011b. Metamorphic P-T path and implications of high-pressure pelitic granulites from the Jiaobei massif in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt, North China Craton. Gondwana Research (online) |
| [] | Tang J, Zheng YF, Wu YB, Gong B. 2006. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating, C and O isotopes for impure marbles from the Jiaobei terrane in the Sulu orogen: Implication for tectonic affinity. Precambrian Research, 144(1-2): 1–18. DOI:10.1016/j.precamres.2005.10.003 |
| [] | Tang J, Zheng YF, Wu YB, Gong B, Liu X. 2007. Geochronology and geochemistry of metamorphic rocks in the Jiaobei terrane: Constraints on its tectonic affinity in the Sulu orogen. Precambrian Research, 152(1-2): 48–82. DOI:10.1016/j.precamres.2006.09.001 |
| [] | Wan YS, Liu DY, Wu JS, Zhang ZQ, Song B. 1998. The origin of mesoarchaean granitic rocks from Anshan-Benxi area: Constraints of geochemistry and Nd isotope. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 14(3): 278–288. |
| [] | Wan YS, Song B, Liu DY, Li HM, Yang C, Zhang QD, Yang CH, Geng YS, Shen QH. 2001. Geochronology of 3.8 to 2.5Ga ancient rock belt in the Dongshan scenic park, Anshan area. Acta Geologica Sinica, 75: 363–370. |
| [] | Wan YS, Liu DY, Song B, Wu JS, Yang CH, Zhang ZQ, Geng YS. 2005. Geochemical and Nd isotopic compositions of 3.8Ga meta-quartz dioritic and trondhjemitic rocks from the Anshan area and their geological significance. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24(5): 563–575. DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.02.009 |
| [] | Wan YS, Song B, Liu DY, Wilde SA, Wu J, Shi Y, Yin X, Zhou H. 2006. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of Palaeoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks in the North China Craton: Evidence for a major Late Palaeoproterozoic tectonothermal event. Precambrian Research, 149(3-4): 249–271. DOI:10.1016/j.precamres.2006.06.006 |
| [] | Wu CL, Zhang HS, Zhang HJ. 1997. The khondalite series of the Liaoning Province. China Non-metallic Mining, 3: 11–13. |
| [] | Wu JS, Geng YS, Shen QH, Wan YS, Liu DY, Song B. 1998. Archean Geological Characteristics and Tectonic Evolution of China-Korea Paleo-Continent. Beijing: Geological Publishing House: 37-98. |
| [] | Xue HM, Liu FL, Meng FC. 2006. Major and trace element geochemistry of granitic gneisses from Sulu orogen, eastern Shandong Peninsula: Evidence for a Neoproterozoic active continental margin in the northern margin of the Yangtze craton. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 22(7): 1779–1790. |
| [] | Yang Z, Li SZ, Yu B, Gao D, Gao C. 1988. Structural deformation and mineralization in the Early Proterozoic Liaojitite suite, eastern Liaoning Province, China. Precambrian Research, 39(1-2): 31–38. DOI:10.1016/0301-9268(88)90048-4 |
| [] | Zhai MG, Guo JH, Liu WJ. 2005. Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic continental evolution and tectonic history of the North China Craton: A review. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24: 547–561. DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.01.018 |
| [] | Zhao GC, Wilde SA, Cawood PA, Lu LZ. 1998. Thermal evolution of the Archaean basement rocks from the eastern part of the North China Craton and its bearing on tectonic setting. International Geology Review, 40: 706–721. DOI:10.1080/00206819809465233 |
| [] | Zhao GC, Wilde SA. 1999. Tectonothermal history of the basement rocks in the western zone of the North China Craton and its tectonic implications. Tectonophysics, 310(1-4): 37–53. DOI:10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00152-3 |
| [] | Zhao GC, Cawood PA, Wilde SA, Sun M, Lu LZ. 2000. Metamorphism of basement rocks in the Central Zone of the North China Craton: Implications for Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution. Precambrian Research, 103(1-2): 55–88. DOI:10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00076-0 |
| [] | Zhao GC, Wilde SA, Cawood PA, Sun M. 2001. Archean blocks and their boundaries in the North China Craton: Lithological, geochemical, structural and PT path constraints and tectonic evolution. Precambrian Research, 107(1-2): 45–73. DOI:10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00154-6 |
| [] | Zhao GC, Sun M, Wilde SA, Li SZ. 2005. Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic evolution of the North China Craton: Key issues revisited. Precambrian Research, 136(2): 177–202. DOI:10.1016/j.precamres.2004.10.002 |
| [] | Zhao GC. 2009. Metamorphic evolution of major tectonic units in the basement of the North China Craton: Key issues and discussion. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 25(8): 1772–1792. |
| [] | Zhou JB, Wilde SA, Zhao GC, Zheng CQ, Jin W, Zhang XZ, Cheng H. 2008. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of the Neoproterozoic Penglai Group and Archean gneisses from the Jiaobei Terrane, North China, and their tectonic implications. Precambrian Research, 160(3-4): 323–340. DOI:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.08.004 |
| [] | Zhou XW, Wei CJ, Geng YS, Zhang LF. 2004. Discovery and implications of the high-pressure politic granulite from the Jiaobei massif. Chinese Science Bulletin, 49(18): 1942–1948. DOI:10.1007/BF03184286 |
| [] | Zhou XW, Wei CJ, Geng YS. 2007. Phase equilibria P-T path of the high-and low-pressure pelitic granulites from the Jiaobei massif. Earth Science Frontiers, 14(1): 135–143. |
| [] | 白瑾. 1993. 中国前寒武纪地壳演化. 北京: 地质出版社: 47-89. |
| [] | 蔡剑辉, 阎国翰, 牟保磊, 许保良, 邵宏翔, 许荣华. 2002. 辽宁盖县梁屯-矿洞沟碱性正长岩杂岩体的U-Pb和Sm-Nd年龄及其地质意义. 岩石学报, 18(3): 349–354. |
| [] | 贺高品, 叶慧文. 1998a. 辽东-吉南地区早元古代变质地体的组成及主要特征. 长春科技大学学报, 28(2): 121–126. |
| [] | 贺高品, 叶慧文. 1998b. 辽东-吉南地区早元古代两种类型变质作用及其构造意义. 岩石学报, 14(2): 152–162. |
| [] | 胡国巍. 1992. 早元古代辽河群的基本构造特征. 中国地质科学院天津地质矿产研究所文集, 26/27: 179–188. |
| [] | 姜春潮. 1987. 辽吉东部前寒武纪地质. 沈阳: 辽宁科学技术出版社: 272-280. |
| [] | 李昌年. 1991. 火成岩微量元素岩石学. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社: 57-66. |
| [] | 李江海, 钱祥麟, 黄雄南, 刘树文. 2000. 华北陆块基底构造格局及早期大陆克拉通化过程. 岩石学报, 16(1): 1–10. |
| [] | 李俊建, 沈保丰, 李双保, 毛德宝. 1998. 辽北-吉南早前寒武纪大陆壳的地质特征和演化. 中国区域地质, 17(1): 30–38. |
| [] | 李三忠, 韩宗珠, 刘永江, 杨振升, 马瑞. 2001. 辽河群区域变质特征及其大陆动力学意义. 地质论评, 47(1): 9–18. |
| [] | 辽宁省地质矿产局. 1989. 辽宁省区域地质志. 北京: 地质出版社: 6-324. |
| [] | 刘敦一, 万渝生, 伍家善, WildeSA, 董春艳, 周红英, 殷小艳. 2007. 华北克拉通太古宙地壳演化和最古老的岩石. 地质通报, 26(9): 1131–1138. |
| [] | 卢良兆. 1996. 胶辽地块早前寒武纪变质地质与构造演化. 长春地质学院学报, 26: 25–32. |
| [] | 路孝平, 吴福元, 张艳斌, 赵成弼, 郭春丽. 2004a. 吉林南部通化地区古元古代辽吉花岗岩的侵位年代与形成构造背景. 岩石学报, 20(3): 381–392. |
| [] | 路孝平, 吴福元, 林景仟, 孙德有, 张艳斌, 郭春丽. 2004b. 辽东半岛南部早前寒武纪花岗质岩浆作用的年代学格架. 地质科学, 39(1): 123–138. |
| [] | 沈其韩, 钱祥麟. 1995. 中国太古宙地质体组成、阶段划分和演化. 地球学报, 2: 113–120. |
| [] | 万渝生, 刘敦一, 伍家善, 张宗清, 宋彪. 1998. 辽宁鞍山-本溪地区中太古代花岗质岩石的成因--地球化学及Nd同位素制约. 岩石学报, 14(3): 278–288. |
| [] | 万渝生, 宋彪, 刘敦一, 李惠明, 杨淳, 张巧大, 杨崇辉, 耿元生, 沈其韩. 2001. 鞍山东山风景区3.8~2.5Ga古老岩石带的同位素地质年代学和地球化学. 地质学报, 75: 363–370. |
| [] | 吴春林, 张福生, 张厚江. 1997. 辽宁省的孔兹岩系. 建材地质, 3: 11–13. |
| [] | 伍家善, 耿元生, 沈其韩, 万渝生, 刘敦一, 宋彪. 1998. 中朝古大陆太古宙地质特征及构造演化. 北京: 地质出版社: 37-98. |
| [] | 薛怀民, 刘福来, 孟繁聪. 2006. 苏鲁造山带胶东区段花岗片麻岩类的常量与微量元素地球化学:扬子克拉通北缘新元古代活动大陆边缘的证据. 岩石学报, 22(7): 1779–1790. |
| [] | 赵国春. 2009. 华北克拉通基底主要构造单元变质作用演化及其若干问题讨论. 岩石学报, 25(8): 1772–1792. |
| [] | 周喜文, 魏春景, 耿元生, 张立飞. 2004. 胶北栖霞地区泥质高压麻粒岩的发现及其地质意义. 科学通报, 49(14): 1424–1430. |
| [] | 周喜文, 魏春景, 耿元生. 2007. 胶北地块高压与低压泥质麻粒岩的相平衡关系与PT演化轨迹. 地学前缘, 14(1): 135–143. |