不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏幼苗叶挥发性成分的比较

DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190303

文章信息

倪妍妍, 肖文发, 刘建锋, 张玉婷, 胡军.

Ni Yanyan, Xiao Wenfa, Liu Jianfeng, Zhang Yuting, Hu Jun.

Comparison of Chemical Constituents of Volatile Compounds in Thuja plicata and Thuja occidentalis Seedlings Leaves of Different Provenances

林业科学, 2019, 55(3): 22-35.

Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(3): 22-35.

DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190303

文章历史

收稿日期：2018-01-28

修回日期：2018-07-20

作者相关文章

倪妍妍

肖文发

刘建锋

张玉婷

胡军

引用本文

倪妍妍, 肖文发, 刘建锋, 张玉婷, 胡军. 2019. 不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏幼苗叶挥发性成分的比较. 林业科学, 55(3): 22-35.

Ni Yanyan, Xiao Wenfa, Liu Jianfeng, Zhang Yuting, Hu Jun. 2019. Comparison of Chemical Constituents of Volatile Compounds in Thuja plicata and Thuja occidentalis Seedlings Leaves of Different Provenances. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 55(3): 22-35. DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190303

不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏幼苗叶挥发性成分的比较

倪妍妍^1,2, 肖文发², 刘建锋¹, 张玉婷¹, 胡军³

1. 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所国家林业和草原局林木育种重点实验室北京 100091;
2. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态与环境保护研究所国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室北京 100091;
3. 南昌市林业科学研究所南昌 330004

收稿日期：2018-01-28; 修回日期：2018-07-20

基金项目：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项"崖柏属植物资源收集与评价"（CAFYBB2018SY002）和国家林业局948项目"崖柏属优良种质资源与培育技术引进"（2013-4-47）

通讯作者：刘建锋

摘要：【目的】分析不同种源北美香柏和北美乔柏叶挥发油成分的组成及相对含量，为进一步合理开发和利用崖柏属植物资源提供理论依据。【方法】以大小相同、长势一致的健康2年生幼苗为材料，通过固相微萃取技术（SPME）提取幼苗相同位置新叶中的挥发性成分，利用气相色谱质谱联用（GC-MS）进行分离与鉴定，采用质谱进行定性，并通过峰面积归一化法求得各挥发成分的相对含量。【结果】不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏幼苗叶挥发油中共鉴别出156种成分，北美乔柏鉴定出74种，北美香柏鉴定出95种。北美乔柏和北美香柏叶挥发性成分均以单萜类化合物为主，北美乔柏的平均相对含量（80.258%）高于北美香柏（69.445%），而倍半萜类及其他萜类化合物相对含量相反。两树种挥发油成分组成差异明显，不同种源北美乔柏幼苗特有成分27种，北美香柏35种；10个种源共有成分仅6种且含量差异显著，共有成分分别为α-崖柏酮、γ-松油烯、（8β，13β）-13-methyl-17-Norkaur-15-ene、α，α-4-三甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇乙酸酯、石竹烯和棕榈酸甲酯。北美乔柏和北美香柏的主要成分差异明显，相同主成分仅有α-崖柏酮和β-水芹烯，但两树种均以α-崖柏酮含量最高。【结论】不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏挥发性成分组成和含量差异明显，但两树种均以α-崖柏酮含量最高。

关键词：北美香柏北美乔柏挥发性成分固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱联用

Comparison of Chemical Constituents of Volatile Compounds in Thuja plicata and Thuja occidentalis Seedlings Leaves of Different Provenances

Ni Yanyan^1,2, Xiao Wenfa², Liu Jianfeng¹, Zhang Yuting¹, Hu Jun³

1. State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and CultivationResearch Institute of Forestry, CAF Beijing 100091;
2. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, CAF Beijing 100091;
3. Nanchang Institute of Forestry Nanchang 330004

Abstract: 【Objective】To provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of the Thuja's resources, the composition and relative content of chemical constituents of essential oils from leaves of Thuja plicata and Thuja occidentalis from different provenances were analyzed.【Method】The healthy 2-year-old seedlings with same size and consistent growth were selected as study materials. The volatile components of new leavesin the same position of seedlings from different provenances were extracted by solid-phase micro-extraction(SPME), and separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Qualitative analysis was carried out by mass spectrometry and the relative content of volatile components was calculatedby peak area normalization.【Result】A total of 156 chemical components of essential oils of T.plicata and T.occdentalis were identified, among which 74 components were identified in T.plicata, and95 components in T.occdentalis. The volatile components of the two species from 10 provenances were dominated by monoterpenes, and the average relative content of T.plicata (80.258%) was higher than that of T.occdentalis (69.445%), but not forthe sesquiterpenoidsand other terpenoids.The two specieswere significantly differentin the composition of the essential oil. For example, 27 components were uniquely obtainedfrom 5 T.plicata provenancesand 35 components from 5 T.occdentalis provenances. There were only 6 common components in 10 provenances and their contents were significantly different The common components wereα-Thujone, γ-Terpinene, (8β, 13β)-13-methyl-17-Norkaur-15-ene, α, α-4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol acetate, Caryophyllene and Hexadecanoic acidmethyl ester, respectively.The main components ofthe essential oildiffered obviously betweentwo species. The same main componentswere only thujone and β-phellandrene whichcontents were the highestinT.plicata and T.occdentalis.【Conclusion】The chemical compositionand content of essential oils from leaves of T.plicata and T.occdentalis in different provenances weresignificantlydifferent, but the content of thujone was the highest in both species.

Key words: Thuja plicata Thuja occidentalis volatile component solid phase micro-extraction(SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)

崖柏属(Thuja)是柏科(Cupressaceae)的一个小属，现存5种，其中北美香柏(T. occidentalis)和北美乔柏(T. plicata)在北美分布广泛。北美香柏从北部针叶-苔原地带到南部落叶被子植物林带均有分布(Naser, 2005)，而北美乔柏则主要分布在太平洋沿海山脉和北美西部的落基山脉(Peng, 2008)，二者是北美重要的用材与绿化树种，被欧洲和亚洲许多国家引种栽植(Jain et al., 2017)。除用材与绿化用途外，北美香柏和北美乔柏其精油可用于生产化妆品、肥皂、除臭剂等工业产品(Kamden et al., 1993; Duke, 1988)，还可用于医疗(如皮肤抑菌外用药、鼻减充血剂和止咳剂等)(FAO, 1995)、食品(如保鲜剂和防腐剂等)、农林业(如天然驱虫剂、除草剂、木材防腐剂) (Guleria et al., 2008; Tsiri et al., 2009; James et al., 2011)等领域。此外，其挥发油作为一种绿色健康抗菌剂在建筑物防腐上具有广泛前景(James et al., 2011)。

丁洪美等(1986)发现北美香柏挥发油以苧酮(54.81%)、葑酮(10.33%)、7-癸烯-2-酮(6.81%)含量最高，北美乔柏则以苧酮(42.18%)、桧烯(11.99%)含量较高；Tsiri等(2011)发现2种北美乔柏(T. plicata, T. plicata ‘gracialis’)和2种北美香柏(T. occidentalis ‘globosa’, T. occidentalis ‘aurea’)挥发油主要成分均为单萜类的α-崖柏酮、β-崖柏酮、葑酮和桧萜以及二萜类的苯胺和芮木泪柏烯。不同的研究发现北美香柏挥发油主要成分存在差异，但大多数含有崖柏酮和α-蒎烯(Harnischfeger et al., 1983; Magda et al., 2004; Ismile et al., 2014; Khubeiz et al., 2016; Lis et al., 2016)。此外，北美香柏和北美乔柏挥发性物质具有抗病毒、抗过敏、抗癫痫、抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化和抗真菌等生物活性(Akers et al., 1980; Ayensu et al., 1985; Tsiri et al., 2011; Jasuja et al., 2013; Tanveer et al., 2015; Elsharkawy et al., 2017; Han et al., 2017)。综上，学者对北美香柏或北美乔柏的研究多侧重于挥发油成分的生物活性，而对于不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏挥发油成分的对比研究尚未见报道。本研究通过固相微萃取技术提取北美乔柏和北美香柏不同种源植物叶片中的挥发性成分，利用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)定性分析，比较两树种不同种源间叶片挥发性成分的异同，为崖柏属植物化学成分的开发与利用提供依据。

1 材料与方法 1.1 试验材料

收集不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏种子，2015年4月在中国林业科学研究院育苗，种子种源地信息见表 1。育苗基地(40°0′10″N，116°14′38″E，海拔61 m)温室室温约24 ℃，白天温度不高于30 ℃，夜间低温不低于15 ℃，透光度为50%~60%，湿度为55%~65%。2017年8月底，选择大小相近、长势一致的2年生幼苗，以幼苗顶端当年生新叶为材料，测量并鉴定挥发性气体成分。每个树种每个种源选择3株，共30株。

表 1 北美乔柏和北美香柏种源地信息概况 Tab.1 Climatic informationof Thuja plicata and Thuja occidentalisprovenances

1.2 试验仪器

气相色谱-质谱联用仪(7890A, 美国, 安捷仑公司), 固相微萃取手动进样专用手柄及Carboxen/PAMS中性黄色萃取针头(规格75 μm, 美国, Supec公司)以及顶空进样瓶(规格15 mL, 中国, 安普公司)。

1.3 试验方法 1.3.1 样品准备

称取0.3~0.4 g新鲜叶片放入15 ml进样瓶中静置1 h，将固相微萃取专用萃取针头在气相色谱进样口于180 ℃条件下老化30 min，去除所有杂峰。老化后将萃取针头通过瓶盖插入进样瓶，并将针头控制在距离瓶盖1 cm的顶空位置。顶空吸附1 h后，取出针头，迅速插入温度为220 ℃的GC-MS进样口，解析1 min后进行GC-MS分析。

1.3.2 GC-MS条件

色谱条件：色谱柱为5MS石英毛细管柱，规格为30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm。起始温度40 ℃，保持2 min后，以2 ℃ ·min^-1的速度升至105 ℃，再以10 ℃ ·min^-1升至220 ℃，保持10 min。汽化室温度为230 ℃, 传输线温度为230 ℃，载气为He，载气流量为20 ml ·min^-1，不分流模式。

质谱检测条件：EI源，电子能量70 eV，离子源220 ℃，接口温度230 ℃，全扫描模式，扫描质量范围为50~600 amu。

1.3.3 挥发性物质化合物鉴定

采用质谱进行定性。利用检索标准普库NIST11分析组分的质谱数据，结合相关质谱资料，对挥发油成分进行鉴定。通过峰面积归一化法进行定量，求算各挥发性物质化学成分的相对含量。

2 结果与分析 2.1 植物叶挥发油成分鉴定

通过SPME-GC-MS提取并鉴定北美乔柏和北美香柏幼苗叶挥发油成分，共分析出156个色谱峰；成分主要为萜烯类化合物，其中单萜类化合物37种，倍半萜类化合物35种，其他萜类化合物6种。北美乔柏幼苗鉴定出74种化合物，种源Mon、Col、Pur、Er和Py分别鉴定出39、36、38、37和45种化合物(表 2)；北美香柏幼苗鉴定出95种化合物，种源OH、WI、Kin、Lim和TB分别鉴定出45、47、55、50和40化合物(表 2)。

表 2 北美乔柏和北美香柏幼苗叶片挥发油的化学成分分析 Tab.2 Analysis results of Chemical composition of the volatile compounds from leaves of T.plicata and T.occidentalis

表 2 北美乔柏和北美香柏幼苗叶片挥发油的化学成分分析

Tab.2 Analysis results of Chemical composition of the volatile compounds from leaves of T.plicata and T.occidentalis

保留时间 RT/min	挥发油成分 Compounds	分子式 MF	相对分子质量 RMW	相对含量relative content(%)
				北美乔柏T. plicata						北美香柏T. occidentalis
				Mon	Col	Pur	Er	Py		OH	WI	Kin	Lim	TB
10.6	2-侧柏烯2-Thujene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2		5.6						3.7	0.3
10.6	α-侧柏烯2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-Bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2	5.5		2.0	2.6	3.1				0.5	0.4
10.6	α-水芹烯α-Phellandrene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2							1.2	1.6			1.3
10.8	α-蒎烯α-Pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2				2.8						0.5
18.1	3-蒈烯3-Carene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2			0.1		0.1		1.3	0.6
34.1	γ-Pyronene 1, 5, 5-Trimethyl-6-methylene-cyclohexene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2	0.2		0.5	0.2	0.5					0.1
11.6	L-莰烯(1S)-2, 2-dimethyl-3-methylene-Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2							0.6			0.3
11.6	葑烯Fenchene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2								0.5
11.6	莰烯Camphene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2									0.4		0.6
13.2	β-水芹烯β-Phellandrene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2	16.6	29.9	7.3	15.8	12.3				3.2	4.7	12.9
13.2	松时烯4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-Cyclohexene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2							7.4
14.4	β-蒎烯β-Pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2		6.7	17.5		6.8						3.5
14.4	桧烯4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2							4.2	4.9	3.0	3.8
14.4	左旋-β-蒎烯, (1S)-6, 6-dimethyl-2-methylene-Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2	8.2			8.6
15.6	对甲苯甲醚1-methoxy-4-methyl-Benzene	C₈H₁₀O	122.1									0.1
20.5	异松油烯1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-Cyclohexene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2	4.9	17.4	0.8	4.1	3.1		1.6			0.5	1.1
15.8	松油烯1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1, 3-Cyclohexadiene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.1			1.4					0.7	0.6	0.1
16.6	P-伞花烃1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-Benzene	C₁₀H₁₄	134.2								1.9			0.6
16.4	邻-异丙基苯o-Cymene	C₁₀H₁₄	134.2		2.1							0.9	0.5
16.4	1, 3-二甲基-4-乙基苯1-ethyl-2, 4-dimethyl-Benzene	C₁₀H₁₄	134.2							1.8
16.5	D-柠檬烯D-Limonene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2				3.8	3.1				2.7	2.7
16.6	(+)-枞油烯(+)-Sylvestrene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2		3.6					3.0				3.0
16.6	1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)环己醇乙酸酯1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, Cyclohexanol, acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196.1	4.5		2.9
18.6	γ-松油烯γ-Terpinene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2	4.5	7.8	3.6	3.0	2.4		2.7	1.7	1.2	1.0	3.2
19.6	Quercivorol	C₁₀H₁₈O	154.1	1.1		0.3		0.3				1.1
20.4	1, 3, 3-三甲基-二环[2.2.1]庚-2-酮1, 3, 3-trimethyl-Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one	C₁₀H₁₆O	152.2							6.6	7.4	7.4	6.6	21.4
22.0	α-崖柏酮α-Thujone	C₁₀H₁₆O	152.2	35.8	6.0	45.4	40.8	42.9		5.0		41.4	43.5	23.2
22.3	β-崖柏酮β-Thujone	C₁₀H₁₆O	152.2	2.8	0.5	3.6				30.7	47.2		4.0
22.8	2-甲基-5-异丙烯基环戊-1-烯甲醛5-Isopropenyl-2-methylcyclopent-1-enecarboxaldehyde	C₁₀H₁₄O	150.2											0.2
22.9	2, 7, 7-三甲基二环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-6-酮2, 7, 7-trimethyl-Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-6-one	C₁₀H₁₄O	152.2		0.1
22.9	(2S, 4R)-p-Mentha-[1(7), 8]-diene 2-hydroperoxide	C₁₀H₁₆O₂	168.1	0.2
22.9	1-甲基-2-亚甲基-环庚醇1-methyl-2-methylene-Cycloheptanol	C₉H₁₆O	140.1							0.3
22.9	6, 6-Dimethylcycloocta-2, 4-dienone	C₁₀H₁₄O	150.2				0.4	0.2				0.2
23.0	8-(1-methylethylidene)-Bicyclo[5.1.0]octane	C₁₁H₁₈	150.1			0.2
23.5	6-Isopropenyl-3-methoxymethoxy-3-methyl-cyclohexene	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196.1					0.1
24.1	莰酮Camphor	C₁₀H₁₆O	152.2							0.7		0.5		0.3
24.1	2-茨酮(+)-2-Bornanone	C₁₀H₁₆O	152.2								1.7		1.8
24.2	2, 6-二甲基-2, 4, 6-辛三烯2, 6-dimethyl- 2, 4, 6-Octatriene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2		0.2	0.1
26.4	反-5-甲基-2-(1-甲乙基)-环己酮trans-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-Cyclohexanone	C₁₀H₁₆O	152.2								0.4
26.4	3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 1, 3, 4-trimethyl-	C₁₀H₁₆O	152.2									0.1	0.1
26.7	4-萜烯醇Terpinen-4-ol	C₁₀H₁₈O	154.1		0.2	0.4	0.3	0.3				0.4	1.2
26.7	(1S, 3R, 5S, 6R(-))-5-Caranol	C₁₀H₁₈O	154.1								0.4
26.7	(-)-4-萜品醇(R)- 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-Cyclohexen-1-ol	C₁₀H₁₈O	154.1	1.3
32.5	侧柏醇Thujanol	C₁₀H₁₈O	154.1	0.1			0.0			0.4		2.1	1.4	0.5
28.2	草蒿脑Estragole	C₁₀H₁₂O	148.2	3.3	1.0		2.2
28.2	茴香脑Anethole	C₁₀H₁₂O	148.2			1.9
29.2	[1 s-(1α, 3aβ, 4α, 7β, 8aβ)]-decahydro-1, 5, 5, 8a-tetramethyl-1, 4-Methanoazulen-7-ol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222.4					0.2
29.3	葑醋酸Fenchyl acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196.1							0.3	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.2
30.3	cis-1-ethylideneoctahydro-7a-methyl-1H-Indene	C₁₂H₂₀	164.2									0.3
30.3	2, 6, 6-三甲基-乙酸酯-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-4-醇Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-4-ol, 2, 6, 6-trimethyl-, acetate	C₁₂H₁₈O₂	194.3							0.2				0.6
30.3	Α-菖蒲醇α-acorenol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222.4									0.1	0.2
31.1	2-异丙基-1-甲氧基-4-甲基苯1-methoxy-4-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-Benzene	C₁₁H₁₆O	164.1							0.5	0.5	1.4	0.5	0.4
30.8	4-(2-甲基-环己-1-烯基)- 3-丁烯-2-酮	C₁₁H₁₆O	164.1							0.3				0.2
30.6	2-甲氧基-4-甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)苯2-methoxy-4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-Benzene	C₁₁H₁₆O	164.1								0.4
31.1	1, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6-hexamethyl-1, 3-Cyclohexadiene	C₁₂H₂₀	164.2									0.5
31.1	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexamethyl-1, 3-Cyclohexadiene	C₁₂H₂₀	164.2	0.1			0.0	0.1
31.6	cis-2-methylene-3-(1-methylethyl)-, Cyclohexanol, acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196.1									0.3
36.3	α, α-4-三甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇乙酸酯α, α, 4-trimethyl-3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196.1	0.6	1.3	0.5	0.5	0.7		0.8	0.4	2.5	1.4	0.7
13.6	1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-Cyclohexanol	C₁₀H₁₈O	154.1					1.6
31.5	(1α, 2α, 3α)-2-methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl)-, Cyclohexanol, acetate,	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196.1	0.2
31.6	丙酸松油酯α, α, 4-trimethyl-3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, propanoate	C₁₃H₂₂O₂	210.3			0.3
32.4	Isoterpinol	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2							0.8	0.4	0.1
32.5	鸢尾酮α-Irone	C₁₄H₂₂O	206.3		0.1					0.4
32.9	α-紫罗兰酮α-Ionone	C₁₃H₂₀O	192.3		0.1
33.4	6-methyl-2, 4-Heptadienoic acid, ethyl ester	C₁₀H₁₆O₂	168.1	0.2		0.2		0.1
33.6	[1S-(1α, 3aβ, 4α, 8aβ, 9R*)]-decahydro-4, 8, 8-trimethyl-1, 4-Methanoazulene-9-methanol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222.4					0.1
33.6	乙酸冰片酯Bornyl acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196.1										1.3
33.6	乙酸龙脑脂(1S-endo)- 1, 7, 7-trimethyl-Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, acetate,	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196.1						1.9	3.3	5.8	1.5
34.2	6-epi-shyobunol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222.2	0.2		0.3		0.4					0.2
34.2	2-蒈烯2-Carene	C₁₀H₁₆	136.2							0.9
34.2	1, 2, 3b, 6, 7, 8-hexahydro-6, 6-dimethyl-Cyclopenta[1, 3]cyclopropa[1, 2]cyclohepten-3(3aH)-one	C13H18O	190.1			0.2
34.2	(R)-1, 5, 5, 9-四甲基-螺[5.5]十一碳-1, 8-二烯(R)-1, 5, 5, 9-tetramethyl-Spiro[5.5]undeca-1, 8-diene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34		0.1
34.2	2-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)吡啶Tetracyclo[3.3.1.0.1(3, 9)]decan-10-one	C₁₀H₁₂O	148.2	0.2
34.5	7, 8-二氢紫罗兰酮4-(2, 6, 6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-Butanone	C₁₃H₂₂O	194.2				0.1			0.3	0.2	0.3
36.0	5-异丙基-8-甲基-6, 8-壬二烯-2-酮(E)-6, 8-8-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-Nonadien-2-one	C₁₃H₂₂O	194.2					0.1	0.1			0.1
37.0	α-可巴烯.alfa.-Copaene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34						0.2	0.5	0.2	0.3
36.3	(-)-Α-荜澄茄油烯α-Cubebene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34							4.1
37.0	ALPHA-蒎烯Copaene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34									0.1
38.3	Cubedol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222.4					0.1		0.1		0.1
37.2	1-羟基-1, 7-二甲基-4异丙基-2, 7-环癸二烯1-Hydroxy-1, 7-dimethyl-4-isopropyl-2, 7-cyclodecadiene	C₁₅H₂₆O	222.4									0.1
37.0	反式-4-癸烯酸乙酯Ethyl trans-4-decenoate	C₁₂H₂₂O₂	196.1	0.5		0.1
37.4	3, 7, 11-三甲基-1, 6, 10-十二烷三烯-3-醇乙酸酯Nerolidyl acetate	C₁₇H₂₈O₂	264.2					0.4
37.4	(R)-乙酸熏衣草酯(R)-lavandulyl acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196.1			0.2
37.4	2-hydroxy-1, 7, 7-trimethyl-5-Oxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, acetate	C₁₂H₁₈O₃	210.1								0.1	0.8
37.4	荜澄茄油烯Cubebene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34					0.3		0.4
37.4	4-epi-cubedol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222.4						0.1			0.1
37.5	γ-榄香烯γ-Elemene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34								0.1
37.5	β-榄香烯[1S-(1α, 2β, 4β)]-1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2, 4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-Cyclohexane	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34	1.5	1.1		2.4	1.5
37.7	癸酸乙酯Decanoic acid, ethyl ester	C₁₂H₂₄O₂	200.2	0.1		0.1
44.9	1-Heptatriacotanol	C₃₇H₇₆O	536.6					0.2		0.1
43.7	2-十六醇2-Hexadecanol	C₁₆H₃₄O	242.4					0.5	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.7
37.8	(-)-Isolongifolol, acetate	C₁₇H₂₈O₂	264.2										0.1
38.1	石竹烯Caryophyllene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	1.0	1.5	1.8	0.9	3.3	1.2
38.3	2-叔丁基-1, 4-二甲氧基苯2-(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-1, 4-dimethoxy-Benzene	C₁₂H₁₈O2	194.3								0.1
39.0	2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene-Bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-1-ene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34	0.2			0.1	0.7			0.1	0.2	0.1
38.6	(-)-马兜铃烯(-)-Aristolene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34	0.6	0.4			0.5
39.9	7-epi-cis-sesquisabinene hydrate	C₁₅H₂₆O	222.4	0.1	0.2								0.4
38.9	α-石竹烯Humulene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34		0.1	0.4	0.2		0.8	0.7	0.4
38.9	Z, Z, Z-1, 5, 9, 9-四甲基-1, 4, 7-环十一碳三烯Z, Z, Z-1, 4, 7, -1, 5, 9, 9-tetramethyl-Cycloundecatriene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34									0.9
38.9	异丁香烯Isocaryophillene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34	0.3
39.2	2, 4-癸二烯酸乙酯(E, Z)-2, 4-Decadienoic acid, ethyl ester,	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196.1	0.3
39.4	β-(王古)(王巴)烯β-copaene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34				0.2			0.2
39.5	广藿香烯Patchoulene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34		0.2			0.2
39.7	7, 7-Diethylheptadecane	C₂₁H₄₄	296.3			0.3
39.7	(4aR-trans)- decahydro-4a-methyl-1-methylene-7-(1-methylethylidene)-Naphthalene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34					0.4
39.7	[2R-(2α, 4aα, 8aβ)]-1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 8a-octahydro-4a, 8-dimethyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-Naphthalene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34				0.4
39.7	(2R)8-dimethyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-Naphthalene, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 8a-octahydro-4a	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34		0.2
39.7	8-epi-.gama.-eudesmol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222.4	0.3
39.8	α-衣兰油烯α-Muurolene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34						0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
39.8	2-(3-Isopropyl-4-methyl-pent-3-en-1-ynyl)-2-methyl-cyclobutanone	C₁₄H₂₀O	204.2										0.2
40.2	(3β, 5Z, 7E)-9, 10-Secocholesta-5, 7, 10(19)-triene-3, 24, 25-triol	C₂₇H₄₄O₃	416.3			0.2					0.1
39.9	β-甜没药烯β-Bisabolene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34						0.3
40.0	g-杜松烯(1α, 4aβ, 8aα)-1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 8a-octahydro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-Naphthalene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34				0.6	0.4		0.1			0.1
40.2	1, 2, 4a, 5, 6, 8a-六氢-1-异丙基-4, 7-二甲基萘[1S-(1α, 4aβ, 8aα)]-1, 2, 4a, 5, 8, 8a-hexahydro-4, 7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-Naphthalene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34	0.3				0.5	0.3			0.2	0.2
40.2	(+)-δ-杜松烯(1S-cis)- 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8a-hexahydro-4, 7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-Naphthalene	C₁₅H₂₄	304.34		0.3					0.3	0.1
41.1	氧化石竹烯Caryophyllene oxide	C₁₅H₂₄O	220.2						0.8	0.5	3.8	0.8	0.2
41.0	异十五烷基酯-戊二酸Glutaric acid, isobutyl pentadecyl ester	C₂₄H₄₆O₄						0.1
41.0	10, 13-Octadecadiynoic acid, methyl ester	C₁₉H₃₀O₂	290.2	0.1			0.2
41.0	柠檬烯-6-醇特戊酸酯Limonen-6-ol, pivalate	C₁₅H₂₄O₂	236.2						0.3	0.3
41.0	3(10)-仲-4-醇，乙酰乙酸酯3(10)-Caren-4-ol, acetoacetic acid ester	C₁₄H₂₀O₃	236.1								0.2
41.0	反-松香芹醇乙酸酯(-)-trans-Pinocarvyl acetate	C₁₂H₁₈O₂	194.3									0.1
42.5	二十七烷Heptacosane	C₂₇H₅₆	380.4	0.7	1.9	1.0		0.4	1.9	0.4	0.4	0.3	1.1
42.6	三甲基十四烷2, 6, 10-trimethyl- Tetradecane	C₁₇H₃₆	240.5	0.2	0.8	1.1	1.1	0.8	0.1	0.2		0.6
43.7	3-乙基-5-(2-乙基丁基)-十八烷3-ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl)- Octadecane	C₂₆H₅₄	366.4	0.2	0.5			1.1					0.2
41.5	[1R-(1R, 3E, 7E, 11R)]-1, 5, 5, 8-tetramethyl-12-Oxabicyclo[9.1.0]dodeca-3, 7-diene	C₁₅H₂₄O	220.2							0.2	0.2	0.3
41.5	5, 6, 6-三甲基-5-(3-氧代丁-1-烯基)-1-氧杂螺[2.5]辛-4-酮5, 6, 6-Trimethyl-5-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-4-one	C₁₄H₂₀O₃	236.1						0.4
43.9	2-(3-乙酰氧基-4, 4, 14-三甲基-雄甾-8-烯-17-基)-丙酸2-(3-acetoxy-4, 4, 14-trimethylandrost-8-en-17-yl)-Propanoic acid	C₂₇H₄₂O₄	430.3				0.2		0.3
42.5	正十七烷Heptadecane	C₁₇H₃₆	240.5								0.1
42.6	植烷2, 6, 10-trimethyl-Hexadecane	C₁₉H₄₀	268.3								0.2		0.9
42.9	14-Hydroxy-14-methyl-hexadec-15-enoic acid, methyl ester	C₁₈H₃₄O₃	298.3									0.6
42.9	trans-Oxiraneundecanoic acid, 3-pentyl-, methyl ester	C₁₉H₃₈O₂	312.3	0.3	0.4	0.6	0.3	2.1		0.1
43.3	Z-5-甲基-6-二十一烯-11-酮Z-5-Methyl-6-heneicosen-11-one	C₂₂H₄₂O	322.3		0.3		0.2					0.4
43.7	16-羟基十六酸16-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid	C₁₆H₃₂O₃	272.2							0.5
43.8	7-甲基-Z-十四碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯7-Methyl-Z-tetradecen-1-ol acetate	C₁₇H₃₂O₂	268.2			0.2	0.3
43.9	(5β)-Cholestan-3-one, cyclic 1, 2-ethanediyl aetal	C₂₉H₅₀O₂	430.4				0.2				0.1
44.6	邻苯二甲酸丁基烷基酯Phthalic acid, butyl tetradecyl ester	C₂₆H₄₂O₄	418.3		0.7	1.2	2.5	1.1		0.2	0.4		0.6
44.6	邻苯二甲酸异十八醇酯Phthalic acid, isobutyl octadecyl ester	C₃₀H₅₀O₄	474.4	0.3	0.8
44.6	邻苯二甲酸异丁基十五烷基酯Phthalic acid, isobutyl pentadecyl ester	C₂₇H₄₄O₄	432.6										0.7
44.6	邻苯二甲酸丁基异癸酯1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 8-methylnonyl ester	C₂₂H₃₄O₄	362.2						0.8
45.0	[4aS-(4aα, 4bβ, 7α, 8aα)]-7-ethenyl-1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a, 9-dodecahydro-1, 1, 4b, 7-tetramethyl-Phenanthrene	C₂₀H₃₂	272.3						3.2	2.5	5.8	2.6	3.0
45.1	棕榈酸甲酯Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester	C₁₇H₃₄O₂	270.3	2.3	6.3	3.1	2.7	6.0	4.7	2.2	2.4	4.0	5.8
45.4	(8β, 13β)-13-methyl-17-Norkaur-15-ene	C₂₀H₃₂	272.3		1.8	0.6	0.7	1.0	8.7	2.9	5.1	3.8	8.3
45.8	Androst-5-en-4-one	C₁₉H₂₈O	272.2						0.6		0.2		0.6
45.6	2, 4, 7, 14-四甲基-4-乙烯基三环[5.4.3.0(1, 8)]十四烷-6-醇2, 4, 7, 14-Tetramethyl-4-vinyl-tricyclo[5.4.3.0(1, 8)]tetradecan-6-ol	C₂₀H₃₄O	290.3						0.6
45.7	n-Hexadecanoic acid	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	256.2	0.9						1.3		0.7
45.7	L-抗坏血酸-2, 6-二棕榈酸酯l-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2, 6-dihexadecanoate	C₃₈H₆₈O₈	652.5				1.3	1.1
45.8	[4aS-(4aα, 5α, 8aβ)]-decahydro-1, 1, 4a-trimethyl-6-methylene-5-(3-methyl-2, 4-pentadienyl)-Naphthalene	C₂₀H₃₂	272.3								0.3
47.0	7-Isopropyl-1, 1, 4a-trimethyl-1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 9, 10, 10a-octahydrophenanthrene	C₂₀H₃₀	310.0		0.9		0.2						0.3
47.3	11-十八碳一烯酸甲酯11-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester	C₁₉H₃₆O₂	296.3				0.3			0.2
47.5	10-十八烯酸甲酯10-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester	C₁₉H₃₆O₂	296.5				0.4	0.7	0.9		0.1	0.2	0.6
47.4	一油酸2, 3-Dihydroxypropyl elaidate	C₂₁H₄₀O₄	356.5			0.4					0.2
47.4	(E)-油酸甲酯(E)-9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester	C₁₉H₃₆O₂	296.3									0.7
47.6	十七酸，16 -甲基-甲基酯16-methyl-Heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester	C₁₉H₃₆O₃	312.3										0.3
47.7	十七酸，9-甲基-甲基酯9-methyl-Heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester	C₁₉H₃₈O₂	298.3					0.3		0.2	0.1
47.7	Cyclopropanebutanoic acid, 2-[[2-[[2-[(2-pentylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl	C₂₅H₄₂O₂	374.3		0.4
47.7	1, 1a, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 11a-dodecahydro-1, 1, 3, 6, 9-pentamethyl-7aH-Cyclopenta[a]cyclopropa[f]cycloundecene-2, 4, 7, 7a, 10, 11-hexol	C₃₀H₄₄O₁₁	580.3			0.2

2.2 北美乔柏和北美香柏挥发性成分的异同

北美乔柏和北美香柏挥发油成分均以单萜类化合物为主，且北美乔柏的含量(80.258%)高于北美香柏(69.445%)。两树种的10个种源共有成分仅6种(表 2)，其中α-崖柏酮、γ-松油烯和(8β, 13β)-13-methyl-17-Norkaur-15-ene在2树种挥发油中的含量差别较大，均以北美乔柏高于北美香柏；而α, α-4-三甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇乙酸酯、石竹烯在北美香柏挥发油中含量明显高于北美乔柏，棕榈酸甲酯在两树种中含量相近。

由表 2可知，两树种的挥发油成分组成存在差异。不同种源北美乔柏幼苗叶挥发油成分共鉴定出74种，低于北美香柏(95种)。其中，2种化合物在北美乔柏叶挥发油中鉴定出，而在北美香柏中没有；同时，35种化合物北美香柏叶挥发油中鉴定出，而在北美乔柏中没有。两树种叶挥发油主要成分差异显著。北美乔柏幼苗叶挥发油主要成分(含量>5%)有α-崖柏酮、β-水芹烯、β-蒎烯、异松油烯、左旋-β-蒎烯、γ-松油烯、棕榈酸甲酯和α-侧柏烯(表 2)，而北美香柏幼苗叶挥发油中以α-崖柏酮、侧柏酮、1, 3, 3-三甲基-二环[2.2.1]庚-2-酮、β-水芹烯、(8β, 13β)-13-methyl-17-Norkaur-15-ene、松时烯、乙酸龙脑脂、棕榈酸甲酯和[4aS-(4aα, 4bβ, 7α, 8aα)]-7-ethenyl-1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a, 9-dodecahydro-1, 1, 4b, 7-tetramethyl-Phenanthrene为主要成分，共同含有α-崖柏酮和β-水芹烯。

2.3 北美乔柏不同种源叶挥发油成分比较 2.3.1 不同种源北美乔柏幼苗叶挥发性成分类别及含量比较

由图 1可知，北美乔柏5个种源幼苗叶挥发油成分均以单萜类化合物为主，平均相对含量为80.258%，以种源Pur最高(83.393%)，种源Col最低(76.713%)；倍半萜类化合物相对含量相对较低(1.098%~6.091%)，且种源间化合物数量差异较大，种源Py倍半萜类化合物13种，而种源Pur仅3种；其他萜类化合物的平均相对含量和数量均最低，分别为1.183%、1.4；种源间烯烃酯类化合物相对含量相近(13.131%~16.362%)，且化合物数量最多(14~18个)。

图 1 不同种源北美乔柏挥发油成分化合物的类别及相对含量 Fig. 1 Types and relative content of the volatile compounds in T. plicata from 5 provenances Col:加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省British Columbia, CAN; Mon:美国蒙大拿州Montana, USA; Pur:加拿大普尔顿山Purden Mountain, CAN; Er:加拿大伊利山Erie Mountain, CAN; Py:加拿大皮拉米德山Pyramid Mountain, CAN.

2.3.2 不同种源北美乔柏挥发油共有成分的异同

种源Col、Mon、Pur、Er和Py幼苗叶挥发油中共有化合物9种，分别占总含量的65.465%、70.025%、62.606%、68.563%和71.272%。5个种源共有成分中含量较高的化合物整体一致。由图 2可知，α-崖柏酮、β-水芹烯、异松油烯(在种源Pur中较低)、γ-松油烯和棕榈酸甲酯在5个种源中含量较高，是各个种源的主要成分，也是北美乔柏挥发油的主要组成；而α, α-4-三甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇乙酸酯、三甲基十四烷、(trans-Oxiraneundecanoic acid, 3-pentyl-, methyl ester)和石竹烯含量较低。5个种源的共有成分也存在差异，如种源Mon、Pur、Er和Py以α-崖柏酮含量最高(35.817%~45.435%)，β-水芹烯含量次之(7.267%~16.629%)；而种源Col以β-水芹烯含量最高(29.944%)，异松油烯次之(17.391%)，α-崖柏酮仅含5.969%。

图 2 北美乔柏不同种源叶中共有挥发油成分 Fig. 2 The common volatiles of T. plicata's leaves in 5 provenances

2.4 北美香柏不同种源幼苗挥发性成分差异的对比 2.4.1 不同种源北美香柏幼苗叶挥发油成分类别及含量比较

北美香柏5个种源幼苗的挥发油成分中单萜类化合物相对含量最高，种源WI最大(72.902%)，种源Kin最小(64.919%)；烯烃脂类化合物数量最多，平均相对含量为15.386%；倍半萜类化合物平均10个占5.814%，相对含量最低；其他萜类平均相对含量为9.355%，但数量最少(图 3)。

图 3 不同种源北美香柏挥发油成分的类别及相对含量 Fig. 3 Types and relative content of the volatile compoundsin T. occidentalis from 5 provenances OH:美国俄亥俄州Ohio, USA; WI:美国威斯康星州Wisconsin, USA；Kin:加拿大金斯顿Kingston, CAN; Lim:加拿大里姆斯顿Limestone, CAN; TB:加拿大桑德贝Thunder Bay, CAN.

2.4.2 不同种源北美香柏挥发油共有成分的异同

种源OH、WI、Kin、Lim和TB幼苗叶挥发油中共有成分12种，分别占总含量的36.745%、21.030%、72.956%、68.111%和68.711%。从图 4可以看出，同一成分的相对含量在不同种源间差异显著，如α-崖柏酮含量在种源Kin和Lim中均大于40%，种源TB为23.158%，而种源OH仅含有5.027%，种源WI中无此化合物；1, 3, 3-三甲基-二环[2.2.1]庚-2-酮在不同种源中含量较高，种源TB中占21.382%，而其他4种源仅含6.609%~7.433%。5个种源成分含量较高的化合物也存在差异，如除α-崖柏酮和, 3, 3-三甲基-二环[2.2.1]庚-2-酮外，种源OH和TB的(8β, 13β)-13-methyl-17-Norkaur-15-ene含量较高，而种源Kin含[4aS-(4aα, 4bβ, 7α, 8aα)]-7-ethenyl-1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a, 9-dodecahydro-1, 1, 4b, 7-tetramethyl-Phenanthrene较多。

图 4 不同种源北美香柏叶中共有挥发油成分 Fig. 4 The common volatile compoundsfrom T. occidentalis's leaves within5 provenances

3 讨论

本研究通过SPME-GC-MS分析发现不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏幼苗叶片的挥发性成分组成差异显著，这与大多数研究结果一致(丁洪美等, 1989; Buben et al., 2009; Tsiri et al., 2009)。同一物种不同种源间挥发性成分也存在显著区别，这可能是因为植物幼苗挥发油的化学成分组成主要受长期自然区域适应形成的遗传特征影响。本研究仅在生长季对2年生幼苗新叶挥发油成分进行鉴定，确定结论需要结合更深一步的观测进行验证。有学者研究也发现，生长在不同地点的植物其挥发油化学成分也存在显著差异(何静等, 1989; Hafez et al., 2004; Elsharkawy et al., 2017)。何静等(1989)发现北京植物园的成年北美香柏叶片挥发油化学成分含19种，而庐山的北美香柏达26种，这可能是因为植物挥发性成分具有不稳定性，且植物本身是一个动态环境，其质量及含量与生长环境土壤、气候条件等有关。本研究利用不同种源2年生幼苗进行挥发性成分分析，在5个北美香柏种源幼苗中鉴定出40~55种化学成分，种类多于之前研究(丁洪美等，1989；何静等，1989)，这可能是因为挥发性成分与不同季节、植物采摘时间、植物生理年龄、生理状态、空间分布相关(杜永均等, 1994; 刘喜梅等, 2014)；此外，分析仪器精确性以及分析手段的提高也有利于对微量成分的鉴定，进一步提高了本研究对挥发性成分鉴定分析结果的准确性。

本研究发现北美乔柏和北美香柏叶挥发油主要成分差异明显。北美香柏主要成分以α-崖柏酮(α-Thujone)、β-崖柏酮(β-Thujone)、1, 3, 3-三甲基-二环[2.2.1]庚-2-酮、β-水芹烯(β-Phellandrene)较高，北美乔柏则以α-崖柏酮、β-水芹烯、β-蒎烯、异松油烯含量较高。丁洪美等(1989)发现北美香柏的主要成分有苧酮(即α-崖柏酮)、葑酮、7-癸烯-2-酮，而北美乔柏以宁酮和桧烯含量较高。但Tsiri等(2011)发现北美香柏和北美乔柏均以α-崖柏酮、β-崖柏酮、葑酮(Fenchone)、桧萜(Sabinene)、二萜苯胺(The diterpenes beyerene)和芮木泪柏烯(Rimuene)为主要成分。虽然不同学者的研究结果存在差异，但都证明两树种挥发油主要成分中均以α-崖柏酮含量最高(Von Rudloff, 1962; Svajdlenka et al., 2001; Manimegalai et al., 2010; Lis et al., 2016)。崖柏酮在自然状态下一般以α-和β-崖柏酮的同分异构体共同存在(Sondermann et al., 1962; Traud et al., 1983)，且崖柏酮有抗癌活性(Kosuge et al., 1985; Naser et al., 2005; Akkol, 2015; Elsharkawy et al., 2017)。此外，两树种的另一主要挥发性成分为β-水芹烯。β-水芹烯既是一种香料和香料的中间体，也是一种具有生物活性的天然杀虫剂，对储粮常见虫害具有明显的杀灭和抑制作用(夏克坚等, 2001)，是国外生物杀虫剂中常用的重要活性成分(Traynor et al., 1985)。天然植物中β-水芹烯在天然植物中的含量较少，之前有学者发现β-水芹烯是侧柏叶片挥发油化学成分中的主要成分(杨克玉等, 2016)。因此，北美香柏和北美乔柏挥发性成分具有较高的医药价值和化工农业经济价值。

无论是北美香柏还是北美乔柏，不同地理种源幼苗的叶片挥发油化学成分种类及相对含量都存在较大差异。植物体内物质代谢与物种或者种源的原始环境因子显著相关，而不同植物或者同一植物不同种源在相同环境下体内物质代谢水平存在显著差异(Bannister, 1981; 倪妍妍等, 2017)。环境条件改变可能限制或者促进植物生长，植物通过生理调节适应环境变化，进而改变植物体内次生代谢物质含量及分配(苏文华等, 2005)。目前，对植物体内次生代谢产物的形成和积累的生理机制受环境条件影响的研究结果存在争议(Fawe et al., 1998; Spitaler et al., 2006; Solar et al., 2006)，如生长/分化平衡假说(Frischknecht et al., 2001)认为对植物光合作用具有不同程度影响作用的环境因子都会导致次生代谢物质的变化，对植物光合作用促进作用越强，则会更加抑制次生代谢产物的产生与积累(孔垂华等, 2000)。在本研究中不同种源的北美香柏或北美乔柏幼苗生长(地径、株高)存在差异但并不显著(未发表)，但是幼苗的生长与挥发性物质化学成分及相对含量间存在的确切关系尚待结合进一步的测定和辅助的控制试验加以讨论。

4 结论

不同地理种源北美香柏和北美乔柏幼苗叶片挥发油中共鉴别出156种成分，且以单萜类化合物为主。然而不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏挥发油化学成分组成及相对含量差异显著，但均含较高的α-崖柏酮，在医药领域具有很大的开发潜力，具有进一步探索、开发的实际意义。

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