中国医科大学学报  2025, Vol. 54 Issue (12): 1101-1106, 1113

文章信息

方虹, 鲁林
FANG Hong, LU Lin
miR-200c-3p靶向调控Notch1表达对异位子宫内膜间质细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移的影响
Effect of miR-200c-3p on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of ectopic endometrial stromal cells through targeted regulation of the Notch1 expression
中国医科大学学报, 2025, 54(12): 1101-1106, 1113
Journal of China Medical University, 2025, 54(12): 1101-1106, 1113

文章历史

收稿日期:2024-10-24
网络出版时间:2025-12-15 12:16:27
miR-200c-3p靶向调控Notch1表达对异位子宫内膜间质细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移的影响
方虹1 , 鲁林2     
1. 湖北中医药大学附属医院,湖北省中医院,湖北省中医药研究院妇科,武汉 430061;
2. 武汉市中医医院骨科,武汉 430000
摘要目的 探讨miR-200c-3p对异位子宫内膜间质细胞(EESC)增殖、凋亡和迁移的影响及机制。方法 收集30例子宫内膜异位症(EMT)患者的异位子宫内膜组织,并收集30例育龄无EMT妇女的正常子宫内膜组织。从异位子宫内膜组织中分离原代EESC,并分为Control组、miR-NC组、miR-200c-3p-OE组、miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC组、miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-Notch1组。分别用实时定量PCR、MTT、流式细胞术、Transwell、Western blotting、双萤光素酶报告基因实验检测子宫内膜组织和各组EESC中miR-200c-3p和Notch1 mRNA表达、细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭、Notch1和上皮-间质转化相关蛋白[波形蛋白(Vimentin)、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)]表达及miR-200c-3p和Notch1的靶向关系。结果 与正常子宫内膜组织相比,异位子宫内膜组织中miR-200c-3p表达降低,Notch1 mRNA和蛋白表达升高(P < 0.05)。与Control组、miR-NC组比较,miR-200c-3p-OE组miR-200c-3p表达水平、细胞凋亡率、E-cadherin蛋白水平升高,Notch1 mRNA和蛋白表达、细胞活力、细胞迁移和侵袭数、Vimentin、N-cadherin蛋白水平降低(P < 0.05);上调Notch1的表达可减弱miR-200c-3p-OE对EESC增殖、迁移和侵袭的抑制作用;Notch1可能是miR-200c-3p的功能性靶点。结论 miR-200c-3p可通过下调Notch1表达抑制EESC恶性生物学行为。
Effect of miR-200c-3p on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of ectopic endometrial stromal cells through targeted regulation of the Notch1 expression
FANG Hong1 , LU Lin2     
1. Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China;
2. Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuhan 430000, China
Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of miR-200c-3p on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of ectopic endometrial stromal cell (EESC). Methods Ectopic endometrial tissue was collected from 30 females with endometriosis (EMT), and endometrial tissue was collected from 30 females of childbearing age without EMT. Primary EESC were isolated from ectopic endometrial tissue and assigned to the control group, the miR-NC group, the miR-200c-3p over-expression group, the miR-200c-3p over-expression+pc-NC group, or the miR-200c-3p over-expression+pc-Notch1 group. Real-time quantitative PCR, MTT, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, Western blotting, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were used to evaluate the expression of miR-200c-3p and Notch1 mRNA in endometrial tissue and in each group of EESC, as well as cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, Notch1, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins (Vimentin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin), and the targeting relationship between miR-200c-3p and Notch1. Results Compared to normal endometrial tissue, miR-200c-3p expression was reduced, and Notch1 mRNA and protein expression was increased in ectopic endometrial tissue (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group and the miR-NC group, the miR-200c-3p over-expression group had an increase in the miR-200c-3p expression level, apoptosis rate, and E-cadherin protein level, whereas Notch1 mRNA and protein expression, cell viability, cell migration, invasion numbers, and Vimentin and N-cadherin protein levels were decreased (P < 0.05). Upregulation of Notch1 may have weakened the inhibitory effects of miR-200c-3p over-expression on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of EESC; thus, Notch1 may be a functional target of miR-200c-3p. Conclusion miR-200c-3p may inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of EESC, and induce apoptosis by targeting Notch1, thereby participating in the occurrence and development of EMT.

子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMT)可导致育龄女性盆腔疼痛和不孕症。研究[1]显示,异位子宫内膜间质细胞(ectopic endometrial stromal cell,EESC)的增殖、迁移和侵袭特性与恶性肿瘤细胞相似,且EMT中存在上皮-间质转化[2]。然而,EESC增殖、迁移的分子机制仍不完全清楚,因此亟需进一步探讨其分子机制并制定更加有效的治疗策略。

微RNA(microRNA,miRNA)可通过调控靶基因表达,参与细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移等生物学过程,miR-200c-3p可抑制肿瘤细胞上皮-间质转化、侵袭和血管生成[3]。研究[4]显示,EMT患者异位子宫内膜中miR-200c-3p表达降低,上调其表达可抑制子宫内膜细胞侵袭。而Notch1在EMT患者异位内膜组织中的表达高于在位内膜[5],抑制Notch1表达可降低子宫内膜干细胞增殖和迁移[6]。TargetScan软件预测发现,miR-200c-3p与Notch1存在互补序列,且有研究[7]证实Notch1是miR-200c-3p的靶标。本研究探讨了在EESC中过表达miR-200c-3p并上调Notch1对细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭的影响,旨在明确miR-200c-3p能否通过调控Notch1影响EESC恶性生物学行为。

1 材料与方法 1.1 组织来源

选取2022年1月至2023年1月就诊于湖北省中医院的30例EMT患者,平均年龄(35.20±2.26)岁,从卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的囊壁中获取异位的子宫内膜组织;选取同期就诊于湖北省中医院的30例育龄无EMT妇女,平均年龄(36.48±2.19)岁,获取其正常子宫内膜组织。本研究获得湖北省中医院伦理委员会批准,所有研究对象签署知情同意书。

1.2 主要试剂

Annexin V-FITC/PI细胞凋亡检测试剂盒购自上海碧云天生物技术股份有限公司;兔源一抗Notch1、波形蛋白(Vimentin)、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)和GAPDH均购自英国abcam公司;miR-200c-3p模拟物(miR-200c-3p mimics)及其对照(miR-NC)、Notch1过表达质粒(pcDNA3.1-Notch1)及其对照(pcDNA3.1-NC)均购自广州市锐博生物科技有限公司;QuikChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis试剂盒购自美国安捷伦科技有限公司。

1.3 原代细胞培养

新鲜的异位子宫内膜组织用PBS冲洗3次,并用微型剪刀切碎。然后,用Ⅱ型胶原酶(1 mg/mL)消化组织60 min,随后通过100 μm和40 μm孔径的尼龙网过滤分离EESC。分离出的EESC置于DMEM/F12培养基[内含10%胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)、100 U/mL双抗)],于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养。第3次传代后使用抗Vimentin(1∶1 000)和抗E-cadherin(1∶1 000)抗体通过免疫荧光对EESC的纯度进行测定,选取纯度 > 99%的EESC进行后续实验[8]

1.4 细胞转染

将EESC以5×104/mL的密度接种到6孔板中,并在37 ℃下培养过夜。将EESC分为Control组(常规培养)、miR-NC组(转染阴性对照NC mimic)、miR-200c-3p-OE组(转染miR-200c-3p mimic)、miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC组(共转染miR-200c-3p mimic与pcDNA3.1空载体)、miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-Notch1组(共转染miR-200c-3p mimic与pcDNA3.1-Notch1载体)。使用lipofectamine 2000转染,48 h后通过实时定量PCR评估转染效率。

1.5 实时定量PCR

从正常子宫内膜组织、异位子宫内膜组织以及各组EESC中提取总RNA,并将其反转录为cDNA,使用SYBR Green Mix进行实时定量PCR。引物序列如下:miR-200c-3p,正向5’-CAGTGCGTGTCGTGGAGT-3’,反向5’-GGTAATACTGCCGGGTAAT-3’;U6,正向5’-GCTTCGGCAGCACATATACTAAAAT-3’,反向5’-CGCTTCACGAATTTGCGTGTCAT-3’;Notch1,正向5’-TCCAACTGCGACACCAACCC-3’,反向5’-CCCAGCGAGCACTCATCCAC-3’;GAPDH,正向5’-CTTTGGTATCGTGGAAGGACTC-3’和反向5’-GTAGAGGCAGGGATGATGTTCT-3’。以U6GAPDH为内参基因,采用2-ΔΔCt法计算相对表达量。所有实验重复3次。

1.6 MTT

转染48 h后,将各组EESC接种到96孔板(5×104/mL,100 μL/孔)中并在37 ℃下孵育过夜。按照MTT法进行相应操作,孵育结束后在490 nm波长下检测吸光度(absorbance,A),并评估细胞活力。

1.7 流式细胞术

收集细胞,按照凋亡检测试剂盒分别添加5 μL Annexin V-FITC、5 μL PI在室温下避光染色15 min。使用FACSCalibur流式细胞仪(美国碧迪医疗生物技术有限公司)分析凋亡细胞(早期+晚期凋亡细胞的百分比)。

1.8 Transwell实验

转染48 h后,将各组EESC(2×104/孔,100 μL)接种到无血清DMEM的Transwell板的上室中(Transwell上室膜用Matrigel预包被30 min,仅用于侵袭试验)。将600 μL含有10% FBS的DMEM培养基接种到下室中。在37 ℃下孵育24 h后取出小室,固定、染色后洗涤,于小室晾干后用Ⅸ73荧光倒置显微镜(日本奥林巴斯株式会社)观察细胞迁移及侵袭情况。

1.9 Western blotting

用RIPA裂解液提取总蛋白,BCA法定量。于蛋白变性后行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳、转膜、封闭。结束后,添加对应一抗[Notch1(1∶1 000)、Vimentin(1∶1 000)、E-cadherin(1∶500)、N-cadherin(1∶5 000)和GAPDH(1∶2 500)] 于4 ℃孵育过夜,次日将膜与二抗(1∶2 000)于室温下孵育1 h,随后曝光检测。

1.10 双萤光素酶报告基因实验

使用TargetScan软件(版本7.1;http://www.target-scan.org/vert_71/)预测miR-200c-3p与Notch1之间的结合序列。通过扩增含有miR-200c-3p靶序列的Notch1 3’非翻译区(untranslated region,UTR),并将其整合到pmirGLO载体中,以构建野生型(wild type,WT)-Notch1报告载体。使用QuikChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis试剂盒构建突变型(mutant type,MUT)-Notch1报告载体。将EESC在37 ℃下孵育24 h后,用lipofectamine 2000将WT-Notch1、MUT-Notch1报告载体分别与miR-200c-3p mimics或miR-NC共转染到EESC中。48 h后检测萤光素酶活性。

1.11 统计学分析

采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析,数据以x±s表示。多组比较采用单因素方差分析和SNK-q检验;组间比较采用t检验。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 子宫内膜组织中miR-200c-3p和Notch1表达

与正常子宫内膜组织(1.00±0.09,1.00±0.13,0.22±0.04)比较,异位子宫内膜组织miR-200c-3p表达(0.57±0.06)降低,Notch1 mRNA(2.89±0.21)和蛋白表达(0.61±0.07)升高(P < 0.05),见图 1

1, normal endometrial tissue; 2, ectopic endometrial tissue. 图 1 Western blotting检测子宫内膜组织中Notch1蛋白表达结果 Fig.1 Notch1 expression in endometrial tissue by Western blotting

2.2 各组EESC中miR-200c-3p和Notch1的表达比较

与Control组、miR-NC组比较,miR-200c-3p-OE组miR-200c-3p表达水平升高,Notch1 mRNA和蛋白表达降低(P < 0.05);与miR-200c-3p-OE组、miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC组比较,miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-Notch1组Notch1 mRNA和蛋白表达升高(P < 0.05)。见图 2表 1

1, Control group; 2, miR-NC group; 3, miR-200c-3p-OE group; 4, miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC group; 5, miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-Notch1 group. 图 2 Western blotting各组EESC中Notch1蛋白表达 Fig.2 Notch1 expression of EESC in each group by Western blotting

表 1 各组EESC中miR-200c-3p和Notch1的表达比较 Tab.1 Expression of miR-200c-3p and Notch1 of EESC in each group
Group n miR-200c-3p Notch1 mRNA Notch1 protein
Control 6 1.00±0.12 1.01±0.10 0.43±0.05
miR-NC 6 0.98±0.10 1.03±0.11 0.44±0.06
miR-200c-3p-OE 6 2.75±0.191),2) 0.42±0.071),2) 0.18±0.031),2)
miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC 6 2.81±0.16 0.40±0.06 0.17±0.03
miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-Notch1 6 2.79±0.17 0.85±0.093),4) 0.36±0.043),4)
1)P < 0.05 vs. Control group;2)P < 0.05 vs. miR-NC group;3)P < 0.05 vs. miR-200c-3p-OE group;4)P < 0.05 vs. miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC group.

2.3 各组EESC活力比较

与Control组、miR-NC组比较,miR-200c-3p-OE组细胞活力降低(P < 0.05);与miR-200c-3p-OE组、miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC组比较,miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-Notch1组细胞活力升高(P < 0.05)。见表 2

表 2 各组EESC活力和凋亡率比较 Tab.2 Viability and apoptosis rates of EESC in each group
Group n Cell viability Apoptosis rate(%)
Control 6 0.81±0.10 3.22±0.40
miR-NC 6 0.84±0.09 3.17±0.38
miR-200c-3p-OE 6 0.52±0.071),2) 19.69±0.721),2)
miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC 6 0.49±0.06 20.03±0.75
miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-Notch1 6 0.73±0.083),4) 8.81±0.563),4)
1)P < 0.05 vs. Control group;2)P < 0.05 vs. miR-NC group;3)P < 0.05 vs. miR-200c-3p-OE group;4)P < 0.05 vs. miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC group.

2.4 各组EESC凋亡水平比较

与Control组、miR-NC组比较,miR-200c-3p-OE组细胞凋亡率升高(P < 0.05);与miR-200c-3p-OE组、miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC组比较,miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-Notch1组细胞凋亡率降低(P < 0.05)。见图 3表 2

A, Control group; B, miR-NC group; C, miR-200c-3p-OE group; D, miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC group; E, miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-Notch1 group. 图 3 各组EESC凋亡情况 Fig.3 Apoptosis status of EESC in each group

2.5 各组EESC迁移和侵袭能力比较

与Control组、miR-NC组比较,miR-200c-3p-OE组细胞迁移和侵袭数降低(P < 0.05);与miR-200c-3p-OE组、miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC组比较,miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-Notch1组细胞迁移和侵袭数升高(P < 0.05)。见图 4表 3

图 4 各组EESC迁移和侵袭情况结晶紫染色×200 Fig.4 Migration and invasion of EESC in each group Crystal violet staining×200

表 3 各组EESC迁移和侵袭数比较 Tab.3 Migration and invasion counts of EESC by group
Group n Cell migration number Cell invasion number
Control 6 125.35±15.82 92.80±10.75
miR-NC 6 128.40±16.13 93.36±11.20
miR-200c-3p-OE 6 60.26±9.271),2) 45.42±6.941),2)
miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC 6 58.93±8.89 42.90±7.37
miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-Notch1 6 101.34±13.153),4) 80.15±9.403),4)
1)P < 0.05 vs. Control group;2)P < 0.05 vs. miR-NC group;3)P < 0.05 vs. miR-200c-3p-OE group;4)P < 0.05 vs. miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC group.

2.6 各组EESC上皮-间质转化相关蛋白表达比较

与Control组、miR-NC组比较,miR-200c-3p-OE组E-cadherin蛋白水平升高,Vimentin、N-cadherin蛋白水平降低(P < 0.05);与miR-200c-3p-OE组、miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC组比较,miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-Notch1组E-cadherin蛋白水平降低,Vimentin、N-cadherin蛋白水平升高(P < 0.05)。见图 5表 4

1, Control group; 2, miR-NC group; 3, miR-200c-3p-OE group; 4, miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC group; 5, miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-Notch1 group. 图 5 各组EESC上皮-间质转化相关蛋白的Western blotting检测结果 Fig.5 Western blotting results for epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins of EESC in each group

表 4 各组EESC中Vimentin、E-cadherin、N-cadherin蛋白表达比较 Tab.4 Protein expression of Vimentin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin of EESC in each group
Group n Vimentin E-cadherin N-cadherin
Control 6 0.55±0.07 0.23±0.04 0.79±0.09
miR-NC 6 0.59±0.06 0.20±0.03 0.82±0.10
miR-200c-3p-OE 6 0.24±0.041),2) 0.61±0.061),2) 0.43±0.061),2)
miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC 6 0.20±0.04 0.63±0.07 0.42±0.07
miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-Notch1 6 0.43±0.053),4) 0.39±0.053),4) 0.71±0.093),4)
1)P < 0.05 vs. Control group;2)P < 0.05 vs. miR-NC group;3)P < 0.05 vs. miR-200c-3p-OE group;4)P < 0.05 vs. miR-200c-3p-OE+pc-NC group.

2.7 miR-200c-3p与Notch1的靶向关系验证

miR-200c-3p与Notch1之间存在结合序列,见图 6。共转染miR-200c-3p mimics(0.34±0.05)较共转染miR-NCWT-Notch1(1.01±0.08)相对萤光素酶活性降低(P < 0.05);MUT-Notch1的相对萤光素酶活性在共转染miR-NC(1.00±0.09)和miR-200c-3p mimics(0.98±0.10)的细胞中无统计学差异(P > 0.05)。

图 6 TargetScan软件预测的miR-200c-3p与Notch1的结合序列 Fig.6 Binding sequence between miR-200c-3p and Notch1 predicted by TargetScan software

3 讨论

EMT是育龄女性慢性盆腔痛、不孕症的主要原因[9]。ESC在一系列激素、生长因子、趋化因子和炎症介质的作用下表现出更强的侵袭性和迁移性。因此,积极探索ESC迁移、侵袭相关分子机制,对提高治疗有效性有重要意义。miR-200c-3p作为肿瘤抑制基因,调控多种肿瘤细胞的异常增殖、凋亡、侵袭和迁移[10]。既往研究[11]表明,miR-200c-3p在EMT患者异位子宫内膜组织中表达降低,其过表达可抑制EESC的增殖、迁移及上皮-间质转化,但其在EMT发病机制中的作用尚未完全明确。

本研究发现异位子宫内膜组织中miR-200c-3p表达低于正常子宫内膜组织,表明miR-200c-3p水平的降低参与了EMT的发病机制。miR-200c-3p mimics可抑制EESC增殖、侵袭和迁移。上皮细胞标志物E-cadherin的丢失和间质细胞标志物N-cadherin和Vimentin的增加能够促进细胞转移[12]。ZUBRZYCKA等[13]发现与上皮-间质转化相关的miRNA可作为EMT的新分子生物标志物。XUE等[14]的研究显示miR-223可抑制EMT中上皮-间质转化相关分子的表达,降低细胞迁移、侵袭和增殖。本研究发现miR-200c-3p mimics处理后N-cadherin和Vimentin表达降低,E-cadherin表达升高,证实miR-200c-3p可抑制EESC恶性生物学行为。

miRNA能够通过与靶mRNA的3’ UTR结合,参与EMT的发生发展[15]。本研究发现Notch1是miR-200c-3p的靶点,并受miR-200c-3p负调控。研究[5]表明EMT患者异位子宫内膜组织中Notch1表达上调。本研究发现异位子宫内膜组织中Notch1表达较高;且EESC中miR-200c-3p的过表达导致Notch1的mRNA和蛋白表达降低。为确定miR-200c-3p是否通过直接靶向Notch1影响EESC增殖、迁移和侵袭,本研究在EESC中过表达miR-200c-3p和Notch1,结果发现,Notch1表达升高可逆转miR-200c-3p-OE对EESC恶性生物学行为的抑制作用。LUO等[16]认为miR-34c-5p可通过靶向抑制Notch1表达,促进E-cadherin表达,下调N-cadherin和Vimentin表达,抑制EMT中上皮-间质转化过程以及细胞侵袭和迁移;这进一步为miR-200c-3p通过靶向Notch1抑制EMT进展提供了可能的证据。

综上所述,本研究首次提出miR-200c-3p可能通过靶向抑制Notch1表达抑制EESC恶性生物学行为,可为EMT的治疗提供新方向。然而,后续还需要扩大样本量,纳入体内实验做进一步探讨。

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