中国医科大学学报  2023, Vol. 52 Issue (10): 890-897

文章信息

于鹏杰, 才保加, 朱生茂, 蒲永强
YU Pengjie, CAI Baojia, ZHU Shengmao, PU Yongqiang
LINC00662通过调控miR-199a-5p/MAP3K1通路对胃癌侵袭、转移的影响
Influence of LINC00662 on the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer via miR-199a-5p/MAP3K1 pathway regulation
中国医科大学学报, 2023, 52(10): 890-897
Journal of China Medical University, 2023, 52(10): 890-897

文章历史

收稿日期:2022-09-01
网络出版时间:2023-10-17 08:32:48
LINC00662通过调控miR-199a-5p/MAP3K1通路对胃癌侵袭、转移的影响
青海大学附属医院胃肠肿瘤外科, 西宁 810000
摘要目的 探讨LINC00662通过调控miR-199a-5p/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶激酶1(MAP3K1)通路对胃癌侵袭、转移的影响。方法 收集2018年6月至2020年6月期间我院胃癌患者癌组织及癌旁组织,实时定量PCR检测胃癌组织及癌旁组织中LINC00662、miR-199a-5p、MAP3K1 mRNA表达。取对数生长期的SGC-7901细胞,利用LipofectamineTM2000转染试剂盒进行转染,并分为si-NC组、si-LINC00662组、si-LINC00662+anti-miR-NC组、si-LINC00662+anti-miR-199a-5p组、si-LINC00662+miR-NC组、siLINC00662+miR-199a-5p组、miR-NC组、miR-199a-5p组、空载体组、LINC00662过表达组、anti-miR-NC组、anti-miR-199a-5p组,另取未转染的SGC-7901细胞作为空白组。Transwell实验检测各组细胞的侵袭与迁移;划痕实验检测各组细胞迁移能力;Westernblotting检测各组细胞中MAP3K1、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、神经型钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)表达;双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证LINC00662与miR-199a-5p、miR-199a-5p与MAP3K1的靶向关系。结果 与癌旁组织比较,胃癌组织中LINC00662、MAP3K1 mRNA表达水平显著升高,miR-199a-5p表达水平显著降低(均P<0.05)。与空白组和si-NC组比较,si-LINC00662组SGC-7901细胞中LINC00662表达水平显著降低,侵袭、迁移细胞数目显著减少,划痕愈合率显著降低,MAP3K1、MMP-2、MMP-9、N-cadherin相对表达量显著降低,miR-199a-5p表达水平显著升高(均P<0.05)。与si-LINC00662组和si-LINC00662+anti-miR-NC组比较,si-LINC00662+anti-miR-199a-5p组SGC-7901细胞中miR-199a-5p表达水平显著降低,侵袭、迁移细胞数目显著升高,划痕愈合率显著升高,MAP3K1、MMP-2、MMP-9、N-cadherin相对表达量显著升高(均P<0.05)。与siLINC00662组和si-LINC00662+miR-NC组比较,si-LINC00662+miR-199a-5p组SGC-7901细胞中miR-199a-5p表达水平显著升高,侵袭、迁移细胞数目显著降低,划痕愈合率显著降低,MAP3K1、MMP-2、MMP-9、N-cadherin相对表达量显著降低(均P<0.05)。双荧光素酶报告基因实验证实LINC00662靶向负调控miR-199a-5p表达,miR-199a-5p靶向负调控MAP3K1表达。结论 胃癌组织中LINC00662高表达,si-LINC00662通过调控miR-199a-5p/MAP3K1通路抑制胃癌细胞侵袭、转移。
关键词LINC00662    miR-199a-5p    丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶激酶1    胃癌    细胞侵袭    细胞迁移    
Influence of LINC00662 on the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer via miR-199a-5p/MAP3K1 pathway regulation
Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
Abstract: Objective To investigate the influence of LINC00662 on the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells via miR- 199a-5p/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1) pathway regulation. Methods Cancer and adjacent tissues of patients with gastric cancer collected in our hospital from June 2018 to June 2020 were used for this study. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of LINC00662, miR-199a-5p, and MAP3K1 mRNAs in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues; SGC-7901 cells in logarithmic growth phase were transfected using the LipofectamineTM2000 transfection kit, and were subsequently divided into si-NC, si-LINC00662, si-LINC00662+anti-miR-NC, si-LINC00662+anti-miR-199a-5p, si-LINC00662+miR-NC, si-LINC00662+miR-199a-5p, miR-NC, miR- 199a-5p, empty vector, LINC00662 overexpression, anti-miR-NC, and anti-miR-199a-5p groups. Untransfected SGC-7901 cells were considered the blank group. Transwell assays were performed to detect the invasion and migration of cells in each group; a scratch test was performed to detect the cell migration ability of each group; Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expression of MAP3K1, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and neural cadherin (N-cadherin) in cells from each group; and a dual luciferase reporter gene experiment was performed to verify the targeting relationship between LINC00662 and miR-199a-5p, and between miR-199a-5p and MAP3K1. Results Compared with adjacent tissues, the expression levels of LINC00662 and MAP3K1 mRNAs in gastric cancer tissues were significantly increased, whereas the expression level of miR-199a-5p was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank and si-NC groups, the mRNA expression level of LINC00662 in SGC-7901 cells from the si-LINC00662 group was significantly reduced, as were the numbers of invading and migrating cells, the scratch healing rate, and the relative protein expression of MAP3K1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and N-cadherin. In contrast, the mRNA expression level of miR-199a-5p was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the si-LINC00662 and si-LINC00662+anti-miR-NC groups, the mRNA expression level of miR-199a-5p in SGC-7901 cells from the si-LINC00662+anti-miR-199a-5p group was significantly reduced, whereas the numbers of invading and migrating cells, the scratch healing rate, and the relative protein expression of MAP3K1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and N-cadherin were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the si-LINC00662 and si-LINC00662+miR-NC groups, the mRNA expression level of miR-199a-5p in SGC- 7901 cells from the si-LINC00662+miR-199a-5p group was significantly increased, whereas the numbers of invading and migrating cells, the scratch healing rate, and the relative protein expression of MAP3K1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and N-cadherin were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment confirmed that LINC00662 targeted and negatively regulated the expression of miR- 199a-5p, while miR-199a-5p targeted and negatively regulated the expression of MAP3K1. Conclusion LINC00662 is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues. The inhibition of LINC00662 deters the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells via miR-199a-5p/MAP3K1 pathway regulation.

胃癌在全球最常见的癌症中排名第5位,每年可致数十万人死亡[1]。随着消化道内镜技术的发展,胃癌患者的生存率得到显著提高[2]。然而,化疗和(或)放疗对转移性胃癌的治疗效果并不理想,胃癌转移是导致患者高死亡率的主要原因[3]。因此,探究胃癌转移的潜在机制具有重要的临床意义。越来越多的证据表明长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)在肿瘤发生发展中起着至关重要的调控作用。LINC00662是一种lncRNA,已有研究[4]表明LINC00662在结肠癌细胞中高表达,并促进细胞的增殖与转移。miR-199a-5p在宫颈癌细胞中低表达,过表达miR-199a-5p可抑制宫颈癌细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭[5]。丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶激酶1(mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1,MAP3K1)作为MAP3K家族成员之一,其表达下调可抑制食管癌细胞增殖和侵袭[6]。生物信息学分析显示,LINC00662与miR-199a-5p存在结合位点,miR-199a-5p与MAP3K1存在结合位点,但LINC00662能否通过调控miR-199a-5p/MAP3K1来影响胃癌侵袭与转移尚不明确。因此,本研究探讨LINC00662对胃癌细胞侵袭、转移的影响,以及其对miR-199a-5p、MAP3K1的调控机制,旨在为明确胃癌转移的分子机制提供新的理论依据。

1 材料与方法 1.1 临床样本收集及细胞来源

收集2018年6月至2020年6月期间我院确诊的105例胃癌患者癌组织以及对应的癌旁组织(距离癌组织3 cm),将所有收集的样本于液氮中冷冻后-80 ℃保存。本研究获得医院伦理委员会批准,所有患者均签署知情同意书。人胃癌SGC-7901细胞购自中国科学院上海细胞库。

1.2 主要试剂与仪器

miR-199a-5p模拟物(miR-199a-5p)及其阴性对照(miR-NC)、miR-199a-5p抑制物(anti-miR-199a-5p)及其阴性对照(anti-miR-NC)、LINC00662 siRNA(si-LINC00662)及其阴性对照(si-NC)均购自广州基迪奥生物科技公司;LipofectamineTM2000转染试剂盒购自上海慧颖生物科技有限公司;pcDNA3.1载体购自美国ThermoFisher公司;胎牛血清(FBS)、RPMI 1640培养基均购自美国Gibco公司;反转录及荧光定量试剂盒购自北京百奥莱博科技有限公司;Trizol试剂、BCA试剂盒、ECL化学发光试剂盒购自美国Invitrogen公司;MAP3K1、基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMP)-2、MMP-9、神经型钙黏蛋白(neural cadherin,N-cadherin)、GAPDH兔多克隆抗体(anti-MAP3K1、anti-MMP-2、anti-MMP-9、anti-N-cadherin、anti-GAPDH)、辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的羊抗兔二抗均购自武汉艾美捷科技有限公司;荧光定量PCR仪购自美国应用生物系统公司。

1.3 细胞培养及分组

将胃癌细胞SGC-7901置于含有10% FBS的RPMI 1640培养基中,在37 ℃,5% CO2培养箱中培养。每隔1 d换1次培养液,进行常规传代培养。取对数生长期的SGC-7901细胞,利用LipofectamineTM2000转染试剂盒分别将si-NC、si-LINC00662、si-LINC00662与anti-miR-NC、si-LINC00662与anti-miR-199a-5p、si-LINC00662与miR-NC、si-LINC00662与miR-199a-5p、miR-NC、miR-199a-5p、pcDNA3.1、pcDNA3.1-LINC00662、anti-miR-NC、anti-miR-199a-5p转染于SGC-7901细胞,并分别设定为si-NC组、si-LINC00662组、si-LINC00662+anti-miR-NC组、si-LINC00662+anti-miR-199a-5p组、si-LINC00662+miR-NC组、si-LINC00662+miR-199a-5p组、miR-NC组、miR-199a-5p组、空载体组、LINC00662过表达组、anti-miR-NC组、anti-miR-199a-5p组,另取未转染的SGC-7901细胞设定为空白组,细胞转染48 h后用于后续实验。

1.4 实时定量PCR检测SGC-7901细胞中LINC00662、miR-199a-5p、MAP3K1 mRNA的表达

使用Trizol试剂从胃癌组织和癌旁组织中提取总RNA。RNA的浓度和纯度用紫外分光光度计测定。使用反转录试剂盒将RNA逆转录成cDNA,并根据荧光定量试剂盒的操作说明书进行PCR扩增反应,U6GAPDH分别作为miR-199a-5p、LINC00662与MAP3K1内参,以2-ΔΔCt法计算基因的相对表达量。所用引物包括:miR-199a-5p,正向5’-CCGGGATCCGCAAACTCAGCTTTAC-3’,反向5’-CGGAATTCGTGGCGACCGTGATACC-3’;U6,正向5’-GTACAAAATACGTGACGTAGAAAG-3,反向5’-GGTCDTTCGTCCTTTCCAC-3’;LINC00662,正向5’-AGGACAGAATCTCCGTGGAC-3’,反向5’-TTGATCTTTTAGATTTCTGTCACACTC-3’;MAP3K1,正向5’-AACAACCGTATAGAGAAGACA-3’,反向5’-TGAGCCTGATAACAAGAAGA-3’;GADPH,正向5’-GGAGCGAGATCCCTCCAAAAT-3’,反向5’-GGCTGTTGTCATACTTCTCATGG-3’。

1.5 Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭与迁移

1.5.1 细胞侵袭

将基质胶涂于Transwell小室中,待自然干燥后收集对数生长期的SGC-7901细胞用胰蛋白酶消化,用PBS洗涤并重悬于无血清RPMI 1640培养基中,并将细胞密度调整为1×105/mL。取200 μL细胞悬浮液接种在上室中,将500 μL含有10%FBS的RPMI 1640培养基加入到下室中,然后将细胞在含有5% CO2的培养箱中37 ℃培养48 h。侵入下室的细胞用95%乙醇固定10 min,0.1%结晶紫染色10 min,PBS去除未染色的细胞。倒置显微镜下观察,随机选取5个视野的细胞进行计数。

1.5.2 细胞迁移

Transwell小室中不涂基质胶。收集对数生长期的SGC-7901细胞用胰蛋白酶消化,用PBS洗涤并重悬于无血清RPMI 1640培养基中,并将细胞密度调整为1×105/mL。其他步骤同1.5.1。

1.6 划痕实验检测细胞迁移

将各组细胞接种到6孔板中并在培养箱中孵育,当其汇合度约达到100%时用无菌的200 μL枪头尖端垂直水平划线,然后利用PBS洗涤除去漂浮的细胞并在无血清培养基中孵育。使用倒置显微镜观察细胞在0、24 h时迁移情况并拍照。划痕愈合率(%)=(1~24 h的划痕面积/0 h的划痕面积)×100。

1.7 Western blotting检测细胞中MAP3K1、MMP-2、MMP-9、N-cadherin表达

将各组细胞用PBS洗涤2次后,置于预冷的RIPA裂解缓冲液中裂解并提取总蛋白。在10%十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺(SDS/PAGE)凝胶上分离蛋白质,电印迹到聚偏二氟乙烯膜上,将膜用5%脱脂牛奶封闭1 h后加入一抗anti-MAP3K1、anti-MMP-2、anti-MMP-9、anti-N-cadherin、anti-GAPDH于4 ℃下孵育过夜,第2天用TBST洗涤3次后,加入HRP标记的羊抗兔二抗于室温下孵育2 h,使用ECL发光试剂盒检测蛋白质的显色情况,利用Image-J软件分析蛋白质的灰度值。

1.8 双荧光素酶报告基因实验

使用Starbase网站(http://starbase.sysu.edu.cn/)预测LINC00662与miR-199a-5p、miR-199a-5p与MAP3K1的结合位点。分别构建LINC00662、MAP3K1 3’-UTR区的野生型(WT)和突变型(MUT)质粒,记为WT-LINC00662、MUT-LINC00662、WT-MAP3K1、MUT-MAP3K1,利用LipofectamineTM2000转染试剂盒分别将WT-LINC00662、MUT-LINC00662、WT-MAP3K1、MUT-MAP3K1与miR-NC、miR-199a-5p共转染于SGC-7901细胞,转染后24 h收获细胞,使用双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统检测双荧光素酶活性。

1.9 统计学分析

使用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析,计量资料采用x±s表示。2组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两组间比较采用snk-q检验,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 LINC00662、miR-199a-5p、MAP3K1在胃癌组织中的表达

与癌旁组织比较,胃癌组织中LINC00662、MAP3K1 mRNA表达水平显著升高,miR-199a-5p表达水平显著降低(均P < 0.001),见表 1

表 1 LINC00662、miR-199a-5p、MAP3K1 mRNA在胃癌组织中的表达 Tab.1 Expression of LINC00662, miR-199a-5p, and MAP3K1 mRNA in gastric cancer
Group LINC00662 miR-199a-5p MAP3K1 mRNA
Paracancerous tissue 1.02±0.11 1.01±0.12 1.04±0.13
Gastric cancer tissue 2.23±0.35 0.27±0.03 1.89±0.26
t 33.795 61.303 29.963
P < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001

2.2 LINC00662抑制对胃癌SGC-7901细胞侵袭、迁移的影响

结果显示,与空白组(1.03±0.12)和si-NC组(1.05± 0.14)比较,si-LINC00662组(0.35±0.06)SGC-7901细胞中LINC00662表达水平显著降低(均P < 0.05)。与空白组和si-NC组比较,si-LINC00662组SGC-7901细胞侵袭、迁移细胞数目显著减少,划痕愈合率显著降低,MMP-2、MMP-9、N-cadherin、MAP3K1蛋白表达显著降低(P < 0.05),见图 1

A, the effect of si-LINC00662 on the invasion and migration of SGC-7901 cells (crystal violet stain × 200);B, the effect of si-LINC00662 on the scratch healing of SGC-7901 cells; C, the protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin, and MAP3K1. *P < 0.05 compared with the blank group; #P < 0.05 compared with the si-NC group. 图 1 LINC00662抑制对胃癌SGC-7901细胞侵袭、迁移的影响 Fig.1 Effect of LINC00662 inhibition on the invasion and migration of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells

2.3 各转染组SGC-7901细胞中miR-199a-5p表达比较

结果显示,空白组、si-NC组、si-LINC00662组、si-LINC00662+anti-miR-NC组、si-LINC00662+anti-miR-199a-5p组、si-LINC00662+miR-NC组、si-LINC00662+ miR-199a-5p组miR-199a-5p表达分别为1.02±0.14、1.03±0.15、2.21±0.24、1.03±0.13、0.39±0.05、1.06± 0.12、2.89±0.32。与空白组和si-NC组比较,si-LINC00662组SGC-7901细胞中miR-199a-5p表达显著升高(P < 0.05);与si-LINC00662组和si-LINC00662+anti-miR-NC组比较,si-LINC00662+anti-miR-199a-5p组SGC-7901细胞中miR-199a-5p表达显著降低(P < 0.05);与si-LINC 00662组和si-LINC00662+miR-NC组比较,si-LINC00662+ miR-199a-5p组SGC-7901细胞中miR-199a-5p表达显著升高(均P < 0.05)。

2.4 抑制miR-199a-5p可减弱LINC00662抑制对胃癌SGC-7901细胞侵袭、迁移的影响(图 2
A, cell invasion and migration in each group (crystal violet staining × 200);B, the wound healing of each group of cells; C, the protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin, and MAP3K1 in each group. *P < 0.05 compared with si-LINC00662 group; #P < 0.05 compared with si-LINC00662+anti-miR-NC group. 图 2 抑制miR-199a-5p可减弱LINC00662抑制对胃癌SGC-7901细胞侵袭、迁移的影响 Fig.2 Inhibition of miR-199a-5p could attenuate the effect of LINC00662 inhibition on the invasion and migration of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells

与si-LINC00662组和si-LINC00662+anti-miR-NC组比较,si-LINC00662+anti-miR -199a-5p组SGC-7901细胞中MAP3K1蛋白表达显著升高,侵袭、迁移细胞数目显著升高,划痕愈合率显著升高,MMP-2、MMP-9、N-cadherin蛋白表达显著升高(P < 0.05),见图 2

2.5 上调miR-199a-5p表达可增强LINC00662抑制对胃癌SGC-7901细胞侵袭、迁移的影响

与si-LINC00662组和si-LINC00662+miR-NC组比较,si-LINC00662+miR-199a-5p组SGC-7901细胞中MAP3K1蛋白表达显著降低,侵袭、迁移细胞数目显著降低,划痕愈合率显著降低,MMP-2、MMP-9、N-cadherin蛋白表达显著降低(P < 0.05),见图 3

A, cell invasion and migration in each group (crystal violet staining × 200);B, the wound healing of each group of cells; C, the protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin, and MAP3K1 in each group of cells. *P < 0.05 compared with si-LINC00662 group; #P < 0.05 compared with si-LINC00662+miR-NC group. 图 3 上调miR-199a-5p表达可增强LINC00662抑制对胃癌SGC-7901细胞侵袭、迁移的影响 Fig.3 Upregulation of miR-199a-5p expression could enhance the effect of LINC00662 inhibitory on the invasion and migration of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells

2.6 LINC00662与miR-199a-5p、miR-199a-5p与MAP3K1靶向关系的验证

结果显示,LINC00662与miR-199a-5p存在结合位点,miR-199a-5p与MAP3K1存在结合位点,见图 4。与miR-NC组比较,miR-199a-5p组WT-LINC00662胃癌SGC-7901细胞的荧光素酶相对活性降低(P < 0.05),而miR-199a-5p组MUT-LINC00662胃癌SGC-7901细胞的荧光素酶相对活性无统计学差异(P > 0.05),见表 2。与miR-NC组比较,miR-199a-5p组WT-MAP3K1胃癌SGC-7901细胞的荧光素酶相对活性降低(P < 0.05),而miR-199a-5p组MUT-MAP3K1胃癌SGC-7901细胞的荧光素酶相对活性无统计学差异(P > 0.05),见表 2。与空白组(1.01±0.11)和空载体组(1.04±0.12)比较,LINC00662过表达组(0.41±0.05)中miR-199a-5p表达水平显著降低(均P < 0.05)。与空白组和miR-NC组比较,miR-199a-5p组中MAP3K1蛋白表达水平显著降低(P < 0.05);与空白组和anti-miR-NC组比较,anti-miR-199a-5p组中MAP3K1蛋白表达显著升高(P < 0.05),见图 5

A,LINC00662 to miR-199a-5p;B,miR-199a-5p to MAP3K1. 图 4 Starbase网站预测LINC00662与miR-199a-5p、miR-199a-5p与MAP3K1的结合位点 Fig.4 Binding sites of LINC00662 to miR-199a-5p and those of miR-199a-5p to MAP3K1 were predicted using Starbase website

表 2 miR-NC组和miR-199a-5p组荧光素酶活性比较(x±sn = 6) Tab.2 Comparison of luciferase activity between miR-NC and miR-199a-5p groups (x±s, n = 6)
Group WT-LINC00662 MUT-LINC00662 WT-MAP3K1 MUT-MAP3K1
miR-NC group 1.05±0.12 1.06±0.11 1.01±0.10 1.04±0.12
miR-199a-5p group 0.36±0.07 1.02±0.10 0.29±0.05 1.03±0.11
t 12.166 0.659 15.774 0.150
P < 0.001 0.525 < 0.001 0.883

1,blank group;,2,miR-NC group;3,miR-199a-5p group;4,anti-miR-NC group;5,anti-miR-199a-5p group. *P < 0.05 compared with the blank group;#P < 0.05 compared with miR-NC group;∆ P < 0.05 compared with anti-miR NC group. 图 5 Western blotting检测各组细胞中MAP3K1蛋白表达 Fig.5 Expression of MAP3K1 protein in each group by Western blotting

3 讨论

尽管目前胃癌的诊治已取得突破性进展,但胃癌患者的5年生存率依然很低[7]。由于胃癌的死亡率与胃癌的转移密切相关,因此,迫切需要寻找肿瘤转移新的生物标志物,以便靶向治疗来提高患者生存率。

研究[8]证实,lncRNA在调控多种癌细胞的增殖、凋亡和转移中发挥重要作用。相关研究表明,LINC00662在前列腺癌组织及细胞中呈相对高表达,敲低其表达可抑制前列腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移,并促进其凋亡[9];LINC00662在肝癌组织中上调并与肝癌患者肿瘤大小、侵袭和较差的存活率相关[10];LINC00662过表达通过激活ERK信号通路促进结肠癌增殖、侵袭和迁移[11]。本研究结果显示,LINC00662在胃癌组织中高表达,下调LINC00662表达可抑制胃癌SGC-7901细胞的侵袭与迁移,提示LINC00662在胃癌中发挥着促癌基因的作用。相关研究指出MMP-2和MMP-9是MMPs家族中与肿瘤转移关系最为密切的两个成员,其可以通过降解细胞外基质中的Ⅳ型胶原酶促进肿瘤转移[12];N-cadherin是上皮间质转化的重要标志分子,其在肿瘤细胞中高表达可导致上皮间质转化,进而促进细胞迁移和侵袭[13]。本研究结果显示,下调LINC00662表达可抑制胃癌SGC-7901细胞中MMP-2、MMP-9、N-cadherin蛋白表达,提示沉默LINC00662可能通过下调MMP-2、MMP-9、N-cadherin表达抑制SGC-7901细胞的侵袭与迁移。

miR-199a-5p在多种肿瘤细胞中异常表达,参与调控肿瘤细胞的增殖代谢、侵袭转移等过程[14]。研究显示,过表达miR-199a-5p能够下调DDR1表达,抑制人脑胶质瘤细胞增殖和迁移[15];miR-199a-5p在非小细胞肺癌组织中低表达,其表达上调可抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖[16];miR-199a-5p在喉癌组织中的表达明显低于癌旁组织,过表达miR-199a-5p可显著抑制喉癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移,同时诱导细胞凋亡[17]。本研究结果显示,miR-199a-5p在胃癌组织中低表达,抑制miR-199a-5p可减弱抑制LINC00662对胃癌SGC-7901细胞侵袭、迁移的影响,上调miR-199a-5p表达可增强抑制LINC00662对胃癌SGC-7901细胞侵袭、迁移的影响,提示抑制LINC00662可能通过上调miR-199a-5p的表达抑制SGC-7901细胞侵袭、迁移。MAP3K1是广泛存在于人体内的一种重要激酶,具有调控细胞迁移的作用[18]。有研究表明,过表达miR-196b通过下调MAP3K1来抑制人绒毛膜癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭[19];miR-451可以通过抑制MAP3K1来抑制食管癌细胞增殖[20]。本研究结果显示,MAP3K1 mRNA在胃癌组织中高表达,沉默LINC00662后胃癌SGC-7901细胞中miR-199a-5p表达上调,MAP3K1蛋白表达下调,提示抑制LINC00662可能通过调控miR-199a-5p/MAP3K1来抑制胃癌细胞的侵袭与迁移。同时本研究还证实了LINC00662可靶向负调控miR-199a-5p的表达,miR-199a-5p可靶向负调控MAP3K1的表达,提示抑制LINC00662可通过靶向上调miR-199a-5p的表达进而间接下调MAP3K1的表达来发挥对胃癌细胞侵袭与迁移的抑制作用。

综上所述,抑制LINC00662可通过调控miR-199a-5p/MAP3K1抑制胃癌细胞侵袭与迁移。本研究为胃癌的早期诊断及靶向治疗提供了参考依据。

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