中国医科大学学报  2022, Vol. 51 Issue (8): 721-724

文章信息

于宏, 邱芳, 顾玺, 边小博
YU Hong, QIU Fang, GU Xi, BIAN Xiaobo
HER-2低表达的三阴性乳腺癌患者的临床特征和预后分析
Clinical features and prognosis of patients with triple negative breast cancer with low expression of HER-2
中国医科大学学报, 2022, 51(8): 721-724
Journal of China Medical University, 2022, 51(8): 721-724

文章历史

收稿日期:2022-02-12
网络出版时间:2022-07-13 13:46
HER-2低表达的三阴性乳腺癌患者的临床特征和预后分析
于宏 , 邱芳 , 顾玺 , 边小博     
中国医科大学附属盛京医院肿瘤中心, 沈阳 110004
摘要目的 探讨HER-2低表达的三阴性乳腺癌患者临床特征和预后。方法 收集我院2015年1月至2019年1月收治的三阴性乳腺癌患者498例, 根据患者HER-2表达情况, 将患者分为阴性组(免疫组化HER-2为0) 和低表达组(免疫组化HER-2为1+, 或者HER-2为2+但Fish检测显示HER-2基因未扩增), 比较2组患者临床特征、术后复发率或转移率。采用生存曲线比较2组患者的无病生存率。结果 与阴性组比较, 低表达组患者Ki-67显著增高(66.47%±16.38% vs. 54.37%±15.82%, P < 0.001); T分期为T3的患者比例显著增高(28.38% vs. 14.86%, P < 0.001); 淋巴结转移率显著增高(35.14% vs. 25.71%, P=0.033); 腋窝淋巴结清扫率显著增高(52.70% vs. 36.00%, P=0.001); 术后3年内复发或转移率显著增高(10.81% vs. 5.14%, P=0.022)。与阴性组比较, 低表达组患者无病生存率显著降低(P=0.019)。logistic回归分析显示HER-2低表达是三阴性乳腺癌患者术后3年复发或转移的危险因素(OR=1.453, 95%CI: 1.008~2.912)。结论 HER-2低表达的三阴性乳腺癌患者临床特征与HER-2不表达的患者显著不同, HER-2低表达是三阴性乳腺癌患者术后复发或转移的危险因素, 无病生存率较低。
关键词人表皮生长因子受体2    三阴性乳腺癌    临床特征    预后    
Clinical features and prognosis of patients with triple negative breast cancer with low expression of HER-2
Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of patients with triple negative breast cancer with low expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2). Methods Data was retrospectively collected from 498 patients with triple negative breast cancer who were admitted to our hospital between January 2015 and January 2019. According to their HER-2 expression status, the patients were divided into a negative group(immunohistochemistry: HER-2 0) and a low expression group(immunohistochemistry HER-2:1+, or HER-2 2+, but ISH test showed that the HER-2 gene not amplified). Clinical characteristics and postoperative recurrence rate or metastasis rate of both groups were compared. Results Compared to the negative group, Ki-67 in the low expression group was significantly higher(66.47%±16.38% vs. 54.37%±15.82%, P < 0.001); the proportion of patients with T3 was significantly higher(28.38% vs. 14.86%, P < 0.001); the rate of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher(35.14% vs. 25.71%, P=0.033); the axillary lymph node dissection rate was significantly increased(52.70% vs. 36.00%, P=0.001); The recurrence or metastasis rate increased significantly within 3 years postoperatively(10.81% vs. 5.14%, P=0.022). Compared to the negative group, the disease-free survival rate of patients in the low expression group was significantly lower(P=0.019). Logistic regression analysis showed that low expression of HER-2 was a risk factor for recurrence or metastasis in patients with triple negative breast cancer within 3 years postoperatively(OR=1.453, 95% CI: 1.008-2.912). Conclusion The clinical characteristics of patients with triple negative breast cancer with low expression of HER-2 are significantly different from that of those with HER-2-zero. Low HER-2 expression is a risk factor for recurrence or metastasis in patients with triple negative breast cancer. Furthermore, the disease-free survival rate of patients in the low expression group was significantly lower.

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,其发病率逐年上升,研究[1]显示2021年乳腺癌发病率已超过肺癌,成为发病率最高的恶性肿瘤。三阴性[雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)、人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER-2)均阴性]乳腺癌是乳腺癌的常见类型,复发和死亡率较高[2-4]。研究[5-7]发现HER-2过表达与肿瘤侵袭性生长及较差预后直接相关,约15%~20%乳腺癌患者中HER-2过表达或HER-2基因扩增。到目前为止,未发现与HER-2受体结合的配体,HER-2分子主要通过与表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)家族的其他受体形成异二聚体,进一步激活MAPK、JAK、PI3K、STAT3等通路,促进肿瘤的发生和进展。HER-2在正常上皮细胞中低表达,在30%以上的人类肿瘤(乳腺癌、胃癌、肺癌等)中扩增/过表达。

HER-2是一种酪氨酸激酶受体,通过形成同源二聚体或与人表皮受体家族其他成员形成异二聚体而活化,激活下游酪氨酸激酶级联信号,从而触发细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭和存活机制。根据美国临床肿瘤学会(American Society of Clinical Oncology,ASCO)和美国病理学家学会(College of American Pathologists,CAP)指南(ASCO/CAP指南)[8],免疫组化检测到HER-2(3+)或(2+)且原位杂交(in situ hybridization,ISH)阳性可以判定为HER-2过表达,否则为HER-2阴性。在某些HER-2阴性乳腺癌细胞表面也有不同程度的HER-2蛋白的表达。在HER-2(1+)和HER-2(2+)的乳腺癌细胞膜上存在50万~ 100万个HER-2受体分子,约30%早期乳腺癌患者HER-2低表达[9]。HER-2低表达的乳腺癌患者不同于HER-2(0)的患者,HER-2低表达时肿瘤具有特定的生物学特性,并且在治疗和预后方面表现出差异,这与治疗耐药、激素受体阴性的肿瘤尤其相关[10]。HER-2低表达三阴性乳腺癌患者的临床特征及预后的研究尚未见报道,本研究探讨HER-2低表达的三阴性乳腺癌患者的临床特征和预后,旨在为改善HER-2低表达乳腺癌患者预后提供参考。

1 材料与方法 1.1 临床资料及分组

收集2015年1月至2019年1月我院收治的三阴性乳腺癌患者的临床资料。纳入标准:(1)确诊为三阴性乳腺癌;(2)术前未接受新辅助化疗、内分泌治疗;(3)直接行手术治疗;(4)病历资料完整;(5)年龄18~75岁;(6)术后接受规范的辅助治疗。排除标准:(1)特殊类型乳腺癌(化生性乳腺癌等);(2)合并其他恶性肿瘤;(3)远处转移;(4)肝、肾、心、脑、肺等重要脏器功能不全;(5)未能获得随访;(6)炎性乳腺癌、双侧乳腺癌。共纳入498例。本研究获得医院伦理委员会批准。根据患者HER-2表达状态,分为阴性组[免疫组化:HER-2(0),n = 350]和低表达组[免疫组化HER-2(1+),或者HER-2(2+)但ISH检测显示HER-2基因未扩增,n = 148]。

1.2 分组标准

术中取患者乳腺癌组织,行免疫组化染色。根据CerbB2蛋白在细胞膜上的染色比例和着色强度,将HER-2表达水平定义为阴性(-)、1+、2+、3+。-,表示无染色或≤10%的肿瘤细胞上存在不完整、微弱的细胞膜染色;1+,表示 > 10%的肿瘤细胞上存在完整的、微弱的细胞膜染色;2+,表示 > 10%的肿瘤细胞上存在弱~中强度的、完整细胞膜染色或≤10%的肿瘤细胞上存在强而完整的细胞膜染色;3+,表示 > 10%的肿瘤细胞上存在强、完整、均匀的细胞膜染色。HER-2(2+)患者需进行ISH检测,明确HER-2基因有无扩增。

1.3 观察指标

观察指标包括患者一般临床指标[年龄、发病部位、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、家族史],病理特征[Ki-67(%)、T分期、N分期、组织学分级、脉管癌栓形成],乳房切除方式(保乳或全切、是否行腋窝淋巴结清扫),术后3年内复发或转移率、无病生存率。

1.4 统计学分析

利用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析。计量资料采用x±s表示,组间比较采用t检验;计数资料采用率(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。采用多因素logistic回归分析三阴性乳腺癌患者术后复发或转移的危险因素。2组患者无病生存率比较采用生存曲线分析。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 2组患者各项临床指标比较

结果显示,与阴性组比较,低表达组患者Ki-67显著增高(P < 0.001);T分期为T3的患者比例显著增高(P < 0.001);淋巴结转移率显著增高(P = 0.033);腋窝淋巴结清扫率显著增高(P = 0.001);术后3年内复发或转移率显著增高(P = 0.022)。见表 1

表 1 2组患者临床指标比较 Tab.1 Comparison of clinical index between two groups
Item HER-2-low group(n = 148) HER-2-zero group(n = 350) t/χ2 P
Age(year) 56.37±6.74 56.12±7.08 0.365 0.715
Location[n(%)] 0.788 0.375
  Left breast 88(59.46) 193(55.14)
  Right breast 60(40.54) 157(44.86)
BMI(kg/m2 23.57±2.77 23.80±2.82 0.836 0.403
Family history[n(%)] 12(8.11) 20(5.71) 0.991 0.319
Ki-67(%) 66.47±16.38 54.37±15.82 7.719 < 0.001
T stage[n(%)] 12.419 < 0.001
  T1-2 106(71.62) 298(85.14)
  T3 42(28.38) 52(14.86)
N stage[n(%)] 4.529 0.033
  N0 96(64.86) 260(74.29)
  N1-3 52(35.14) 90(25.71)
Grading[n(%)] 1.444 0.229
  Ⅰ-Ⅱ 132(89.19) 298(85.14)
  Ⅲ 16(10.81) 52(14.86)
Vessel carcinoma embolus[n(%)] 61(41.22) 160(45.71) 0.853 0.356
Operation[n(%)] 0.015 0.903
  Breast-conserving 35(23.65) 81(23.14)
  Mastectomy 113(76.35) 269(76.86)
Axillary lymph node dissection[n(%)] 78(52.70) 126(36.00) 11.999 0.001
Recurrence or metastasis[n(%)] 16(10.81) 18(5.14) 5.253 0.022

2.2 三阴性乳腺癌患者术后3年复发或转移的危险因素分析

logistic回归分析显示,HER-2低表达、淋巴结转移、T分期为T3是三阴性乳腺癌患者术后3年复发或转移的危险因素(均P < 0.05)。见表 2

表 2 三阴性乳腺癌患者术后3年复发或转移的危险因素分析 Tab.2 Risk factors for recurrence or metastasis in patients with triple negative breast cancer
Variable B SD Wald P OR 95% CI
HER-2 low expression 0.663 0.352 3.912 0.047 1.453 1.008-2.912
Lymphatic metastasis 0.901 0.488 3.521 0.008 2.461 1.253-6.412
T3 -1.232 0.577 4.558 0.033 0.292 0.094-0.904

2.3 2组患者无病生存率比较

生存曲线分析结果显示,与阴性组比较,低表达组患者无病生存率显著降低(P = 0.019)。见图 1

图 1 2组患者术后3年无病生存率比较 Fig.1 Comparison of disease-free survival between two group

3 讨论

中国抗癌协会乳腺癌诊治指南与规范[11]表明,目前对于三阴性乳腺癌的治疗并未区分HER-2不表达或HER-2低表达。本研究探讨了HER-2低表达的三阴性乳腺癌患者的临床特征和预后,结果发现HER-2低表达的三阴性乳腺癌患者临床特征与HER-2不表达患者显著不同,HER-2低表达是三阴性乳腺癌患者术后复发或转移的危险因素,而且HER-2低表达患者术后无病生存率显著降低。

目前已有学者[12]关注HER-2低表达在乳腺癌患者中的作用。美国一项研究[13]显示在淋巴结阳性患者中,HER-2低表达可能与患者预后不良有关,表明HER-2(0)和HER-2(1+),或者HER-2(2+)但ISH检测显示HER-2基因未扩增的乳腺癌患者临床特征和预后存在不同。早期乳腺癌患者研究[14]显示了HER-2低表达状态可能是可手术治疗乳腺癌患者预后不良的危险因素,而且与HER-2(0)或(1+)的患者比较,HER-2(2+)且ISH阳性的患者在首诊时肿瘤体积更大、淋巴结累及更多、临床分期更严重、Ki-67表达更高;生存分析显示HER-2(2+)且ISH阴性患者无病生存率较HER-2(0)或(1+)的患者、HER-2阳性但接受曲妥珠单抗治疗的患者降低。在激素受体阳性的乳腺癌患者中,也证实了HER-2低表达状态的乳腺癌患者临床特征和预后与HER-2(0)或(1+)的患者显著不同[15],与本研究结果一致。

综上所述,HER-2低表达的三阴性乳腺癌患者临床特征与HER-2不表达患者显著不同,HER-2低表达是三阴性乳腺癌患者术后复发或转移的危险因素。本研究的不足之处:样本量较小,病例来源仅为一家医院;随访时间较短,且仅对无病生存期、复发率或转移率进行统计,未对患者死亡率做进一步分析,今后将扩大样本量,延长随访时间来进一步论证。

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