中国医科大学学报  2022, Vol. 51 Issue (3): 216-220

文章信息

郭家辰, 徐然
GUO Jiachen, XU Ran
沉默长链非编码RNA FAM83H-AS1提高肺腺癌细胞的化学治疗敏感性
Silencing of long noncoding RNA FAM83H-AS1 enhances chemosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells
中国医科大学学报, 2022, 51(3): 216-220
Journal of China Medical University, 2022, 51(3): 216-220

文章历史

收稿日期:2021-07-01
网络出版时间:2022-01-13 12:15
沉默长链非编码RNA FAM83H-AS1提高肺腺癌细胞的化学治疗敏感性
郭家辰1 , 徐然2     
1. 中国医科大学附属盛京医院检验科, 沈阳 110004;
2. 中国医科大学附属盛京医院胸外科, 沈阳 110004
摘要目的 探讨长链非编码RNA FAM83H-AS1调控肺腺癌细胞化学治疗(简称化疗)敏感性(培美曲塞和顺铂)的作用效果及机制。方法 实时定量PCR法检测FAM83H-AS1在肺腺癌组织和细胞系中的表达。CCK8法检测并计算肺腺癌细胞对培美曲塞和顺铂的半抑制率(IC50)。基于TCGA数据库,应用生物信息学方法分析FAM83H-AS1与ATP结合盒亚家族C成员1(ABCC1)基因表达的相关性。Western boltting检测ABCC1蛋白的表达。结果 与癌旁正常肺组织和人肺泡上皮细胞相比,FAM83H-AS1在肺腺癌组织和细胞系(PC9和A549)中高表达。FAM83H-AS1的表达与肺腺癌患者的吸烟史和化疗不敏感呈正相关。与化疗敏感的肺腺癌组织和细胞系(A549)相比,FAM83H-AS1在化疗(培美曲塞和顺铂)耐药的肺腺癌组织和细胞系(A549/CR)中高表达。沉默FAM83H-AS1能够降低A549/CR细胞对培美曲塞和顺铂的IC50,提高对化疗药物的敏感性。在肺腺癌中FAM83H-AS1与多药耐药相关基因ABCC1的表达呈正相关。沉默FAM83H-AS1能够降低A549/CR细胞中ABCC1蛋白的表达。结论 FAM83H-AS1在肺腺癌中高表达,且与肺腺癌的化疗不敏感相关,沉默FAM83H-AS1通过下调ABCC1蛋白的表达提高肺腺癌细胞对培美曲塞和顺铂的敏感性。
关键词肺腺癌    FAM83H-AS1    化学治疗    ATP结合盒亚家族C成员1    
Silencing of long noncoding RNA FAM83H-AS1 enhances chemosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells
GUO Jiachen1 , XU Ran2     
1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;
2. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of long noncoding RNA FAM83H-AS1 on the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD) cells to pemetrexed and cisplatin. Methods The expression of FAM83H-AS1 in LUAD tissues and cell line was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The half-inhibitory concentration(IC50) of pemetrexed and cisplatin was measured and calculated by the enhanced CCK8 method. TCGA database bioinformatics analysis explored the correlation between FAM83H-AS1 and ABCC1 gene expression. The expression of ABBC1 protein was detected by Western blotting. Results FAM83H-AS1 was highly expressed in LUAD tissues and PC9 and A549 cell lines compared with normal lung tissues and human alveolar epithelial cells. The expression of FAM83H-AS1 was positively correlated with smoking history and insensitivity to chemotherapy in LUAD patients. FAM83H-AS1 was highly expressed in pemetrexed and cisplatin-resistant LUAD tissues and cell lines(A549/CR) compared with sensitive neoadjuvant chemotherapy LUAD tissues and cell lines(A549). Silencing of FAM83H-AS1 reduced the IC50 of pemetrexed and cisplatin in A549 cells and improved the sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. FAM83H-AS1 was positively correlated with the expression of multidrug resistance related protein ABCC1 in LUAD. Silencing of FAM83H-AS1 down-regulated ABCC1 expression in A549/CR cells. Conclusion FAM83H-AS1 was highly expressed in LUAD and was positively correlated with insensitivity to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in LUAD patients. Silencing FAM83H-AS1 enhances the chemosensitivity of LUAD cells to pemetrexed and cisplatin by inhibiting the expression of ABCC1 protein.

肺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在我国其发病率和致死率均居首位。其中,肺腺癌(lung adenocarcinoma,LUAD)的发病率呈明显上升趋势,在许多国家已超过鳞状细胞癌成为最常见的肺癌组织学类型[1]。手术切除配合放射化学治疗是目前治疗LUAD的主要手段。中华医学会肺癌临床诊疗指南对LUAD的一线治疗方案之一为培美曲塞和铂类药物(如顺铂)的联合治疗。化学治疗(简称化疗)能明显改善LUAD患者的预后,但化疗耐药严重限制了化疗的临床应用。因此,研究并发现提高LUAD化疗敏感性的方法非常重要。

近年来,许多非编码RNA,特别是长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)被证明参与了包括LUAD在内的几乎所有类型肿瘤化疗耐药的发生和维持[2-3]FAM83H-AS1基因位于8q24.3,由于缺乏蛋白质编码能力,属于lncRNA。目前,已有多篇文献[4-5]报道FAM83H-AS1在胃癌、前列腺癌等肿瘤中的存在表达和功能异常。WANG等[6]报道FAM83H-AS1高表达与LUAD患者预后不良相关,且能够促进LUAD的恶性进展并抑制细胞凋亡。然而,FAM83H-AS1在LUAD化疗耐药中的作用尚不清楚。

本研究发现FAM83H-AS1与LUAD化疗(培美曲塞和顺铂)耐药相关,能通过调控多药耐药相关基因ATP结合盒亚家族C成员1(ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1,ABCC1)促进LUAD化疗耐药。

1 材料与方法 1.1 材料

1.1.1 研究对象

104例LUAD及相应的正常肺组织(normal lung tissue,NLT)标本均经支气管镜活检或经皮肺活检获得,并由2名病理学家诊断为LUAD。本研究获得本院伦理委员会批准,所有患者均签署书面知情同意书。本研究包括男37例,女67例,年龄35~79岁,中位年龄为62.9岁。纳入标准:所有患者均确诊为LUAD,在确诊前未接受治疗。排除标准:患者病例信息不完整,或患有其他疾病。

确诊后,57例LUAD患者选择新辅助化疗或姑息化疗(培美曲塞和顺铂)。化疗2~3个疗程后复查胸部增强CT及血清肿瘤标志物。根据病灶大小及血清肿瘤标志物水平的变化,将患者分为敏感组(39例)和不敏感组(18例)。

人肺动脉内皮细胞(pulmonary artery endothelial cells,PAEC)购自武汉云克隆公司,肺腺癌细胞系(PC9和A549)购自宁波明舟公司;多药耐药细胞系A549/CR为本课题组前期构建[7]

1.1.2 主要试剂

培美曲塞和顺铂购自美国Sigmaaldrich公司;SYBR RT-PCR试剂盒购自大连宝生物公司;Trizol和Lipofectamine 3000购自美国赛默飞公司;FAM83H-AS1抑制剂(sh-FAM83H-AS1)及阴性对照(sh-NC)购自广州锐博公司;CCK8试剂盒购自上海碧云天公司;ABCC1和GAPDH抗体购自武汉云克隆公司。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 实时定量PCR

Trizol法从组织或细胞标本中提取总RNA,检测RNA的纯度和完整性。应用一步法SYBR RT-PCR试剂盒扩增FAM83H-AS1基因,按照说明书设定反应条件。引物序列见表 1。反应体系和反应条件参照说明书。根据内参基因GAPDH的表达进行归一化后,应用比较Ct值法计算FAM83H-AS1的相对表达量,并基于相对表达量的平均值,将所有LUAD患者分为高表达组和低表达组。

表 1 引物序列 Tab.1 Primer sequences
Gene Primers Sequences
FAM83H-AS1 Forward TCCTCAAGCAAAGCACTC
Reward TACGGCAGAAAGAACCAA
GAPDH Forward TATGATGATATCAAGAGGGTAGT
Reward TGTATCCAAACTCATTGTCATAC

1.2.2 细胞培养及转染

所有细胞系均应用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM高糖培养基,置于5% CO2,37 ℃的条件下培养。将5×104个A549/CR细胞接种于6孔板中,培养24 h。按照说明书,应用Lipofectamine 3000将FAM83H-AS1抑制剂转染入A549/CR细胞,培养5~6 h,更换培养基后继续常规培养。

1.2.3 药物敏感性检测

分别用培美曲塞(0.5 μg/mL、1 μg/mL、5 μg/mL、10 μg/mL、20 μg/mL和50 μg/mL)和顺铂(5 μg/mL、10 μg/mL、20 μg/mL、50 μg/mL和75 μg/mL)处理A549/CR细胞。然后,按照说明书使用CCK8试剂盒检测细胞活力。酶标仪检测每个样本的吸光度(450 nm),并计算半数抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50)。

1.2.4 Western blotting

提取A549/CR细胞总蛋白,进行蛋白定量分析。取样进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,转移到聚偏二氟乙烯膜上,4 ℃过夜封闭,与一抗(ABCC1抗体)杂交,二抗孵育,化学发光,凝胶成像仪获取图像。利用Image J软件对图像中的条带进行分析。

1.3 统计学分析

采用Graphpad prism 5软件分析数据。每组实验重复5次,数据以x±s表示。差异比较采用单因素方差分析、t检验和χ2检验。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 FAM83H-AS1在LUAD中高表达

与NLT组织相比,LUAD组织中FAM83H-AS1的相对表达量显著上调(图 1AP < 0.001)。与PAEC细胞相比,在PC9和A549细胞中FAM83H-AS1的相对表达量明显增加(图 1BP < 0.001)。

A, FAM83H-AS1 was highly expressed in LUAD compared with NLT; B, FAM83H-AS1 was highly expressed in PC9 and A549 cells compared with PAEC cells; C, LUAD patients with higher FAM83H-AS1 expression had a shorter survival time than those with lower FAM83H-AS1 expression. * P < 0.05 compared with NLT group; # P < 0.05 compared with PAEC cells. 图 1 FAM83H-AS1在LUAD中高表达 Fig.1 High expression of FAM83H-AS1 in LUAD

LUAD组织中FAM83H-AS1的表达与患者的吸烟史和化疗(培美曲塞和顺铂)不敏感相关(P < 0.05),与年龄、性别和TNM分期无相关性(P > 0.05)。见表 2。基于癌症基因组图谱(the cancer genome atlas,TCGA)数据库的预后分析结果显示,与FAM83H-AS1低表达的LUAD患者相比,FAM83H-AS1高表达的LUAD患者的生存时间更短,预后更差(图 1CP < 0.05)。

表 2 104例LUAD患者的FAM83H-AS1表达与临床病理信息的相关性 Tab.2 Correlation between FAM83H-AS1 expression and clinical pathological characteristics of 104 LUAD patients
Characteristics n Relative circPVT1 expression
Low High P
Age 0.117
     < 63 years 52 30 22
    ≥63 years 52 22 30
Gender 0.152
    Male 37 22 15
    Female 67 30 37
Smoking history 0.047
    No 84 46 38
    Yes 20 6 14
T stage 0.237
    T1 31 19 12
    T2 59 28 31
    T3-T4 14 5 9
N stage 0.585
    N0 47 26 21
    N1 36 17 19
    N2-N3 21 9 12
M stage 0.079
    M0 101 52 49
    M1 3 0 3
Chemotherapy 0.048
    Sensitive 39 26 13
    Insensitive 18 7 11

2.2 FAM83H-AS1高表达与LUAD化疗不敏感相关

与化疗敏感组LUAD组织相比,不敏感组LUAD组织中FAM83H-AS1的表达显著增加(图 2AP < 0.05)。如图 2B2C所示,A549细胞对培美曲塞和顺铂的IC50分别为(2.17±0.58)μg/mL和(10.86±1.97)μg/mL,而A549/CR细胞对培美曲塞和顺铂的IC50分别为(13.48±1.37)μg/mL和(48.72±3.85)μg/mL。A549/CR细胞对培美曲塞和顺铂的耐药系数分别为6.21和4.49,其表现出对培美曲塞和顺铂较强的耐受性。而且,与A549细胞相比,A549/CR细胞中FAM83H-AS1的表达显著上调(图 2DP < 0.05)。

A, the expression of FAM83H-AS1 in chemotherapy insensitive LUAD patients was higher than that in LUAD patients who were sensitive to treatment; B, IC50 of pemetrexed in A549/CR cells was greater compared with A549 cells; C, IC50 of cisplatin in A549/CR cells was greater compared with A549 cells; D, expression of FAM83H-AS1 in A549/CR cells was higher than that in A549 cells. * P < 0.05 compared with sensitive group; # P < 0.05 compared with A549 cells. 图 2 FAM83H-AS1高表达与LUAD患者的化疗不敏感相关 Fig.2 High-expression of FAM83H-AS1 is related with insensitivity to chemotherapy in LUAD

2.3 沉默FAM83H-AS1提高A549/CR细胞对培美曲塞和顺铂的敏感性

实时定量PCR检测证实转染sh-FAM83H-AS1能够显著降低A549/CR细胞中FAM83H-AS1的表达(图 3AP < 0.05)。与对照组相比,FAM83H-AS1沉默将A549/CR细胞对培美曲塞的IC50由(14.13±1.33)μg/mL降为(6.71±0.75)μg/mL(图 3BP < 0.05),将对顺铂的IC50由(48.21±4.27)μg/mL降为(20.16±2.57)μg/mL(图 3CP < 0.05)。沉默FAM83H-AS1提高了A549/CR细胞对培美曲塞和顺铂的敏感性。

A, expression of FAM83H-AS1 was silenced by transfection of sh-FAM83H-AS1 in A549/CR cells; B, silencing of FAM83H-AS1 decreased the IC50 of pemetrexed in A549/CR cells; C, silencing of FAM83H-AS1 decreased the IC50 of cisplatin in A549/CR cells. * P < 0.05 compared with sh-NC group. 图 3 沉默FAM83H-AS1提高A549/CR细胞对培美曲塞和顺铂的敏感性 Fig.3 Silencing of FAM83H-AS1 enhances pemetrexed and cisplatin sensitivity of A549/CR cells

2.4 沉默FAM83H-AS1降低A549/CR细胞中的ABCC1蛋白的表达水平

基于TCGA的数据库,应用生物信息学软件GEPIA2进行基因表达相关性分析。结果显示,FAM83H-AS1ABCC1基因的表达在LUAD中呈正相关(图 4AP < 0.01)。而且,沉默FAM83H-AS1能够抑制A549/CR细胞中ABCC1蛋白的表达(图 4BP < 0.05)。

A, co-expression analysis evidence of a positive relationship between FAM83H-AS1 and ABCC1;B, silencing of FAM83H-AS1 inhibited ABCC1 protein expression in A549/CR cells. * P < 0.05 compared with sh-NC group. 图 4 沉默FAM83H-AS1降低A549/CR细胞中的ABCC1蛋白的表达水平 Fig.4 Silencing of FAM83H-AS1 decreases ABCC1 protein expression level in A549/CR cells

3 讨论

近年来,诸多肿瘤学研究证实非编码RNA参与了包括LUAD在内的多种肿瘤化疗耐药的发生和维持。尤其是lncRNAs,因其数量众多、功能和机制复杂等特点,引起研究者的广泛关注。例如,SLCO4A1-AS1通过miR-4701-5p/NFE2L1途径激活WNT通路,促进LUAD细胞的生长并诱导其对顺铂的耐药[8];LINC00485作为分子海绵结合microRNA-195调节其靶基因CHEK1,进而降低LUAD细胞对顺铂的化疗敏感性[9]

本研究结果显示,FAM83H-AS1在LUAD中高表达。FAM83H-AS1的异常高表达与LUAD患者吸烟史及化疗不敏感有关,而且其高表达与LUAD患者的不良预后相关。这些提示FAM83H-AS1参与了LUAD的化疗耐药,可能发挥癌基因的作用。

本研究还发现FAM83H-AS1在化疗(培美曲塞和顺铂)不敏感的LUAD组织和细胞系中高表达,而且FAM83H-AS1的沉默显著提升了化疗耐药细胞株A549/CR对培美曲塞和顺铂的敏感性。进一步证明了FAM83H-AS1参与了LUAD的化疗耐药。

生物信息学分析结果显示,LUAD中FAM83H-AS1ABCC1基因的表达正相关。而且,沉默FAM83H-AS1能够抑制A549/CR细胞中ABCC1蛋白的表达。ABCC1是一个经典的多药耐药相关基因,属于ATP结合盒转运蛋白超家族。ABCC1蛋白介导物质进出细胞,能在化疗药物起效前将其排出细胞外。诸多研究[10-11]证实ABCC1参与了几乎所有恶性肿瘤的化疗耐药的发生,包括LUAD。据此,本研究认为FAM83H-AS1能够通过正性调节ABCC1基因,促进化疗药物从细胞中排出,导致LUAD化疗耐药的发生。

综上,FAM83H-AS1在LUAD中高表达,且与LUAD患者的化疗不敏感相关,FAM83H-AS1能通过正性调节ABCC1基因,参与LUAD化疗耐药的形成。本研究有助于明确LUAD化疗耐药发生的分子机制,亦能够为LUAD的临床综合治疗提供新靶点。

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