中国医科大学学报  2021, Vol. 50 Issue (11): 966-969

文章信息

黄天楚, 黄琬淇, 顾卉, 袁正伟
HUANG Tianchu, HUANG Wanqi, GU Hui, YUAN Zhengwei
COLIA1调控小鼠神经细胞迁移在神经管畸形中的作用
Effect of COLIA1 in regulating mice neurocyte migration in neural tube defects
中国医科大学学报, 2021, 50(11): 966-969
Journal of China Medical University, 2021, 50(11): 966-969

文章历史

收稿日期:2020-12-14
网络出版时间:2021-11-03 14:51
COLIA1调控小鼠神经细胞迁移在神经管畸形中的作用
中国医科大学附属盛京医院卫生部小儿先天畸形重点实验室, 沈阳 110004
摘要目的 探讨Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1(COLIA1)调控神经细胞迁移活动对小鼠神经管闭合的作用。方法 利用全反式维甲酸(ATRA)诱导建立神经管畸形(NTDs)小鼠模型。采用Western blotting检测COLIA1,上皮细胞间质转化(EMT)相关指标E-cadherin、Snail、Vimentin表达情况。在C17.2神经干细胞中沉默COLIA1后,Western blotting检测COLIA1对E-cadherin、Snail和Vimentin表达的调节作用,通过Transwell细胞迁移实验和细胞划痕实验观察细胞迁移生物学活动变化。结果 在ATRA诱导的NTDs小鼠模型中,COLIA1表达下调,迁移相关的EMT指标Snail、Vimentin表达下调,E-cadherin表达上调。在C17.2神经干细胞中,沉默COLIA1表达后,EMT指标Snail、Vimentin表达下调,E-cadherin表达上调,细胞迁移能力降低。结论 COLIA1通过影响细胞迁移抑制NTDs的形成。
Effect of COLIA1 in regulating mice neurocyte migration in neural tube defects
Key Laboratory of Congenital Malformation, National Health Commission, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of collagen typeⅠα1(COLIA1) during neural tube closure in mice by regulating neurocyte migration. Methods The pathogenesis of neural tube defects (NTDs) induced by all-transretinoic acid (ATRA) was studied in mouse models. The expression of COLIA1 and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin, Snail, and Vimentin) were detected by western blotting. After COLIA1 was silenced in C17.2 neural stem cells, the regulatory effects of COLIA1 on the expression of E-cadherin, Snail, and Vimentin were detected by western blotting. The changes in the biological activities of cell migration were observed through Transwell and cell scratching experiments to explore the regulatory effects of COLIA1 on neurocyte cell migration. Results In ATRA-induced NTDs in mice, COLIA1 expression was down-regulated and the related EMT markers Snail and Vimentin were down-regulated, while E-cadherin was up-regulated. In C17.2 neural stem cells, when the expression of COLIA1 was silenced, the EMT markers were changed correspondingly: Snail and Vimentin were down-regulated, E-cadherin was up-regulated, and the migration ability of the cells was decreased. Conclusion COLIA1 inhibits NTD formation by affecting cell migration.

神经管畸形(neural tube defects,NTDs)是胚胎发育过程中神经板无法闭合形成神经管而造成的,全世界约有3%新生儿患有这种缺陷,是导致围产期婴儿死亡的原因之一[1]。NTDs通常分为开放性缺损(颅脊柱裂、无脑畸形和脊髓脊膜膨出)和闭合性缺损(脑膨出、脑膜膨出和隐性脊柱裂)[2]

细胞迁移是神经管闭合过程中重要的生物学功能之一。随着细胞的迁移会失去其极性和细胞间黏附性,细胞间黏附分子发生改变,使上皮细胞转变成具有侵袭性的间充质细胞,这一过程被称为上皮细胞间质转化(epithelial mesenchymal transition,EMT)[3]。Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1(collagen type Ⅰα 1,COLIA1)是胶原蛋白家族的成员,广泛分布于骨骼、软骨、皮肤、心脏瓣膜、肺以及结缔组织中[4]。研究[5]显示,COLIA1突变可能会导致胚胎发育过程中的成骨不全。此外,SUN等[6]研究表明,COLIA1可能通过NF-κB信号通路调节恶性星形细胞瘤细胞的侵袭能力,促进肿瘤细胞的迁移。目前,COLIA1与NTDs的关系研究尚未见报道。本研究探讨全反式维甲酸(all-transretinoic acid,ATRA)诱导的小鼠NTDs模型中COLIA1表达对神经细胞迁移活动的影响,旨在为阐明NTDs的发生机制提供新的理论依据。

1 材料与方法 1.1 NTDs模型制备及组织样本收集

8~10周龄C57B1/6J雌性小鼠(北京华阜康生物技术有限公司)30只,饲养于中国医科大学附属盛京医院SPF级实验动物房。于前1 d晚合笼,第2天观察雌性小鼠有无阴道栓存在,有阴道栓雌性小鼠单独放一笼,标记为孕0 d(E0)。在E8.5将已孕小鼠随机分为NTDs组[将ATRA(70 mg/kg)溶于橄榄油后,给予一次灌胃处理,n = 15)、对照组(给予同体积的橄榄油灌胃,n = 15)。于E9.5处死,剖宫取出胎鼠。

1.2 细胞培养和转染

小鼠神经干细胞C17.2培养于含10%胎牛血清(美国Gibco公司)、1%MEM NEAA(美国Gibco公司)、1%双抗(100 U/mL青霉素、100 μg/mL链霉素)的EMEM(美国Gibco公司)中,于37 ℃,5%CO2的细胞培养箱中培养。培养24 h后转染sh-negative control(sh-NC)、sh-COLIA1 1#、sh-COLIA1 2#、sh-COLIA1 3#(中国吉玛公司)至C17.2细胞。

1.3 Western blotting检测

从胚胎和转染后48 h的C17.2细胞中用RIPA提取蛋白质。通过8%的SDS-PAGE电泳分离样品蛋白,然后电转印至PVDF膜上,用5%脱脂牛奶封闭2 h。一抗COLIA1(1∶1 000,美国Cell Signal Technology公司)、E-cadherin(1∶1 000,美国BD公司),Snail(1∶1 000,中国万类公司)、Vimentin(1∶1 000,中国Proteintech公司)、β-actin(1∶1 000,中国Proteintech公司)4 ℃下过夜。第2天用TBST室温洗膜3次,每次10 min,然后在室温下与HRP兔和鼠二抗(1∶5 000,中国Proteintech公司)孵育2 h,ECL试剂发光。

1.4 细胞划痕实验

在6孔板中加入约5×105细胞,第2天用枪头进行划痕,PBS洗涤细胞3次去除划下的细胞,加入无血清培养基,在5% CO2的细胞培养箱中培养48 h后拍照。

1.5 细胞Transwell迁移实验

转染细胞撤血清饥饿12~24 h后消化细胞,终止消化后离心弃去培养液,PBS洗1~2次后无血清培养基重悬,调整细胞密度为5×105/mL。取细胞悬液100 μL加入8孔Transwell小室的上室,下室加入600 μL含血清的培养基,培养细胞12~48 h。取出Transwell小室,弃去孔中培养液,甲醇固定30 min,将小室适当风干。0.1%结晶紫染色20 min,用棉签轻轻擦掉上层未迁移细胞,PBS洗3次。显微镜(×200)下随机5个视野计数细胞。

1.6 统计学分析

利用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析,GraphPad8.0统计软件作图,计量资料以x±s表示;组间比较采用独立样本t检验,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 COLIA1在ATRA致畸小鼠模型中的表达

Western blotting检测E9.5小鼠胚胎组织COLIA1的表达结果显示,对照组、NTDs组COLIA1表达分别为1.132±0.118,0.875±0.106。与对照组比较,NTDs组COLIA1表达显著降低(P < 0.05),COLIA1的表达对NTDs的形成可能起到抑制作用。见图 1

图 1 E9.5天小鼠胚胎正常组和NTDs组COLIA1的表达 Fig.1 Expression of COLIA1 in E9.5 mice embryos between control and NTDs groups

2.2 对照组和NTDs组E-cadherin、Vimentin和Snail表达比较

结果显示,与对照组比较,NTDs组Vimentin和Snail表达降低,而E-cadherin表达上升(均P < 0.05)。说明在NTDs胚胎中细胞迁移能力降低,EMT进程减慢,推测COLIA1可能抑制神经管闭合中迁移活动以及EMT的发生。见图 2表 1

图 2 对照组和NTDs组E-cadherin、Vimentin和Snail的表达 Fig.2 Expression of E-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail between control and NTDs groups

表 1 对照组和NTDs组E-cadherin、Vimentin和Snail表达比较 Tab.1 Comparison of E-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail protein expression between control and NTDs groups
Group E-cadherin Vimentin Snail
Control 0.428 9±0.132 0.624 3±0.331 0.374 1±0.164
NTDs 0.749 2±0.0311) 0.370 5±0.3431) 0.278 1±0.0631)
1)P < 0.05 vs control group.

2.3 COLIA1对神经细胞迁移活动的影响

为了探究COL1A对神经细胞迁活动的影响,分别在C17.2细胞中转染sh-NC、sh-COLIA1 1#、sh-COLIA1 2#、sh-COLIA1 3#载体48 h后进行Western blotting检测,结果显示沉默COLIA1时,沉默2链效果更明显,因此后续实验应用sh-COLIA1 2#载体。结果显示,与对照组比较,sh-COLIA1 2#组E-cadherin表达明显上升(P < 0.05),而Snail、Vimentin表达明显下降(P < 0.05),提示COLIA1能够促进EMT的发生,见表 2图 3。此外,细胞划痕以及Transwell迁移实验结果显示沉默COLIA1可明显抑制神经细胞的迁移(图 4)。

表 2 sh-NC组、sh-COLIA1 2#组E-cadherin、Vimentin和Snail表达比较 Tab.2 Comparison of E-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail expression between sh-NC and sh-COLIA1
Group E-cadherin Vimentin Snail
Sh-NC 0.432 5±0.152 0.563 8±0.122 0.983 3±0.153
Sh-COLIA1 2# 0.605 9±0.12311) 0.369 0±0.2931) 0.255 5±0.1741)
1)P < 0.05 vs sh-NC group.

A,COLIA1 expression;B,E-cadherin expression;C,Snail expression;D,Vimentin expression. 图 3 转染COLIA1后各组E-cadherin、Vimentin和Snail表达比较 Fig.3 Comparison of E-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail expression after transfecting sh-NC and sh-COLIA1

A, effect of transfected cells scratch test after 48 h(×200); B, statistical analysis results of scratch test after transfection; C, effect of transfected cells migration(×200); D, statistical analysis results of migration after transfection. * P < 0.05 vs sh-NC group. 图 4 迁移和划痕试验检测转染后C17.2细胞迁移功能的改变 Fig.4 Effect of migration and scratch test of C17.2 cells after transfection

3 讨论

神经嵴干细胞具有强大迁移能力和多项分化潜能,是具有迁徙功能的过渡性多能细胞群体[7]。随着神经褶皱开始闭合形成神经管,于神经外胚层和非神经外胚层边界的神经嵴脱层,沿着整个前后体轴广泛迁移,分化形成其他不同结构[7]。在神经板闭合为神经管的过程中,EMT进程参与神经细胞的迁移、游走和定植的调控。在EMT进程中,具有上皮特性E-cadherin随着EMT的发生表达逐渐降低[8]。E-cadherin主要定位于胚胎表皮外胚层细胞和神经板边界,随着细胞的迁移,神经板内陷,中央神经板逐渐与外胚层分离,E-cadherin逐渐失去。因此,E-cadherin表达增高,细胞迁移失败,导致神经管闭合失败[9]。Snail作为EMT转录抑制因子可与编码E-cadherin基因的启动子中保守的E-box序列相结合,使E-cadherin的表达下调,并且研究[10]证实,Snail高表达可促进了神经嵴细胞的迁移,并参与神经管的分层。此外,研究显示在NTDs胎儿中Vimentin表达下调[11]。由此可见,神经细胞的迁移活动对神经管的闭合有重要作用,并且EMT标志物会伴随神经管闭合过程变化,与本研究结果一致。已有研究[12-13]报道转录因子Pax3对于明确神经板边界和促进神经嵴细胞的形成至关重要,并且调控EMT的关键转录因子Snail可作为Pax3的直接靶点。本研究发现,在神经管闭合过程中COLIA1能够引起EMT标志物E-cadherin、Snail和Vimentin表达的变化,进而调控细胞迁移,但这些EMT标志物是否为COLIA1的直接靶点以及具体的调控机制还有待进一步研究论证。

COLIA1可作为成骨标志物参与成骨的形成,还可作为哺乳动物最丰富的细胞外间质(extracellular matrix,ECM)之一[14]。而ECM周期性重塑对细胞的迁移活动同样至关重要。已有大量研究证实COLIA1调控细胞迁移活动。COLIA1可促进胃癌细胞的迁移和侵袭,COLIA1过表达诱导TGF-β信号通路激活,进而促进EMT进程[15]。本研究在NTDs模型中发现COLIA1表达降低且伴随EMT相关指标异常。另外,当沉默C17.2细胞的COLIA1表达后,细胞的迁移活动降低,促进EMT进程标志物表达下降。由此表明,COLIA1表达降低可能抑制了神经管发育过程中神经细胞的迁移活动。

综上所述,COLIA1能够促进细胞的迁移活动以及EMT进程,进而减少NTDs的发生。COLIA1有望成为治疗NTDs的新靶点,然而关于COLIA1如何具体调控EMT进程中的关键分子以及EMT上游分子(PAX3等)与COLIA1之间的关系尚不明确,有待于进一步研究论证。

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