摘要：目的 了解内蒙古自治区包头市中小学生生长发育及常见病患病状况，客观地对学校卫生保健工作进行评价，为今后学校制定有效防治措施提供依据。方法 对包头市中小学生开展年度健康体检，对视力低下、营养不良、肥胖、恒牙龋齿等常见病进行统计分析。结果 2014 — 2016年689 513名学生的监测结果显示，各类常见病患病率由高到低分别为视力低下37.22 %、恒牙龋齿12.53 %、肥胖8.03 %和营养不良3.67 %。从2014年、2015年到2016年的患病趋势分析，营养不良呈递减趋势（P < 0.05），肥胖2014年和2015年变化趋势不明显（ P > 0.05），2016年呈递增趋势（ P < 0.05），恒牙龋齿与视力低下呈递增趋势（ P < 0.05）；从小学到中学的检出趋势分析，营养不良、肥胖、视力低下呈递增趋势（ P < 0.05），恒牙龋齿呈递减趋势（ P < 0.05）。结论 包头市中小学生常见病患病率仍较高，应重点加强对中小学生视力不良、龋齿等防治工作，对中小学生普遍存在的健康问题，急需进行干预。

Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence rate of common diseases among primary and high school students in Baotou city for evaluating school health promotion and providing evidences to the development of disease prevention measures. Methods We collected the data on annual physical examination of 689 513 person-times of students from all primary and high schools in 10 banners/counties/districts of Baotou municipality of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2014 to 2016 and analyzed the prevalence of poor eyesight, malnutrition, obesity, and permanent teeth caries among the students. Results The chronic diseases with the top four prevalence rate were poor eyesight (37.22%), permanent teeth caries (12.53%), obesity (8.03%), and malnutrition (3.67%) for all the students during the period. The prevalence rate of obesity increased significantly in 2016 (P < 0.05) but that of poor eyesight, permanent teeth caries, and malnutrition showed a significantly declining trend ( P < 0.05 for all). The prevalence rate of poor eyesight, obesity, and malnutrition were significantly higher (all P < 0.05) but the prevalence rate of permanent teeth caries was significantly lower ( P < 0.05) among the high school students than those among the primary school students. Conclusion The prevalence rates of common diseases are relatively high, especially for poor eyesight and permanent teeth caries, among primary and high school students in Baotou city. The results suggest that interventions on these diseases need to be carried out among the students.