摘要： 目的 探讨农村地区儿童意外中毒的危险因素, 为儿童中毒预防和干预提供科学依据。 方法 采用1:1匹配的病例-对照研究, 对广西贵港市2所县级医院和18个乡镇卫生院2002年~2004年因意外中毒而住院或急诊的216例1~14岁农村儿童中毒病例和居住于同一地区的匹配对照儿童, 以问卷方式进行调查。调查的危险因素重点是环境因素、对有害有毒物质的管理和家长的行为。采用单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归模型分析儿童中毒发生的危险因素。 结果 通过多因素条件Logistic分析, 筛选出9个与儿童中毒发生有关的因素。 结果 表明, 共有7个因素可增加儿童中毒发生的危险性, 2个因素可减少危险性。影响儿童中毒事件发生的危险因素为学校无健康教育课程 (OR=6.620)、父母或监护人缺少中毒知识 (OR=3.615)、热水器安装在洗澡房内 (OR=3.365)、没有儿科医生指导用药 (OR=2.929)、喷农药后不消毒工作服 (OR=2.208)、祖辈作为监护人 (OR=2.118)、洗澡房内无通风装置 (OR=2.012)。而少外出玩耍 (OR=0.554), 无吸吮手指的习惯 (OR=0.445) 是减少儿童中毒事件发生的保护因素。 结论 广西农村地区儿童意外中毒的发生与家庭因素、环境因素、儿童自身行为、医疗卫生服务状况等因素有关。应对这些危险因素制定出行之有效的综合预防干预措施。

Abstract: Objective To study the potential risk factors of childhood po isoning, and provide science evidence for its prevention and intervention. Methods 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted, 216 rural children who hospitalized or visited the out-patient clinic (OPD) because of the accident poisoning during Jan 1, 2002 to Dec 31, 2004 in two county hospitals and 18 town hospitals of Guigang city were included in the case group, and the children who dwelt in the same village were recruited as matched controls.There were 216 controls in total.Both cases and controls received questionnaire investigation including environment factors, the management of hazards oods and parents.behavior.Conditional Logistic regression was employed to analyze matching data. Results According to the results of multivariate analysis, there were 9 factors which were related with the unintentional childhood poisoning.They were no health education lessons in children's school, parents or guardians'lack of poisoning knowledge, the inside installation of bathroom water-heater, no medicine guide from the pediatricians, without sterilizing working cloth after sprinkling pesticide, grandparents as children's main guardian, noregister inside bathr oom (OR values were 6.620, 3.615, 3.365, 2.929, 2.208, 2.118, 2.012 respectively).Two factors were the protective factors, which were children seldom to play outside and children not to absorb fingers regularly (OR were 0.554 and 0.445 respectively), which can reduce the possibility of childhood poisoning. Conclusion The childhood poisoning accident happening of Guangxi rural area is related with the family factors, environment factors, children's behavior factors and condition of health service.So effective and comprehensive prevention and inter vention measures should be instituted according to these risk factors.