中国公共卫生  2007, Vol. 23 Issue (3): 299-300   PDF    
体质指数与膝关节骨性关节炎关系
史冬泉, 戴进, 刘澄, 朴成吉, 蒋青     
南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院关节中心, 南京 210008
摘要: 目的 探讨体质指数和膝关节骨性关节炎的发病及影像学Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L)评分的相关性. 方法 临床选择膝关节骨性关节炎患者223例, 年龄匹配对照组416例.患者行影像学K/L评分.测量患者和志愿者的身高、体重, 求出体质指数(BMI), 采用SPSS 12.0统计软件进行分析, 计算BMI在正常人群及骨性关节炎组分布; 计算肥胖人群BMI在正常人群与骨性关节炎患者中的相对危险度(OR)及OR95%CI. 结果 223例患者经K/L评分分为Ⅰ~Ⅳ级, 分别为Ⅰ级11例、Ⅱ级69例、Ⅲ级58倒、Ⅳ级84例.正常对照组、骨性关节炎组BMI (kg/m2)分别为23.4±3.8, 25.3±3.64, 两者比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.0001).BMI和骨性关节炎影像学进展相关性回归得Pearson相关系数为0.222, P < 0.01;肥胖是骨性关节炎发病的高危因素(OR=2.63, 95%CI=1.876~3.688, χ2=31.5, P < 10-7). 结论 肥胖是骨性关节炎的高危因素, 且与骨性关节炎的严重程度相关.控制或减轻体重是预防和治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的有效措施之一.
关键词体质指数     膝骨性关节炎     肥胖    
Relationship between body mass index and knee osteoarthritis
SHI Dong-quan, DAI Jin, LIU Cheng, et al     
Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University (Nanjing 210093, China)
Abstract: Objective To analyse the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the incidence and radiographic progression of osteoarthritis (Kellgren/Lawrence score, K/L score). Methods Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were conducted to analyse the relationship between BMI and the incidence and radiographic progression of osteoarthritis. The knee osteoarthrit is analyses included 223 participants aged 30 years and older. 416 controllers participated in the trial.Radiographic OA was assessed using the Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grading system. Body mass index was measured in all participants. All participants were divided into two groups according to WHO criterion for obesity (obese group:BMI≥25, normal weight gtoup:BMI < 25).Odds Ratio, 95% confidence interval were calculated by comparing BMI between two groups. Results 11, 69, 58, 84 patients had K/L score of I~IV respectively.BMI in subjects, with KOA was significantly higher than that in controls (P < 0.0001).Simultaneoualy, there was a certain correlation between BMI and radiographic KOA (Pearsou coefficient=0.222, P < 0.01);Obesity was a great risk for KOA (OR=2.63, 95% CI=1.876-3.688, χ2=31.5, P≤10-7). Conclusion Obesity is a great risk for KOA; Simultaneously, it is correlated with progression of radiographic KOA.Weight control is one of the efficient ways to prevent knee osteoarthrit is.
Key words: body mass index (BMI)     knee osteoarthritis     obesity    

骨性关节炎(Osteoarthrit is, OA)是中老年患者中丧失劳动力的主要原因之一。OA主要特征是关节软骨的渐近性丢失和骨赘的形成, 患者表现为关节疼痛、畸形和关节功能降低, 从而导致活动能力受阻及生活质量下降。到目前为止, 骨性关节炎的病因学和发病机制尚不清楚。本文通过病例对照研究, 观察膝关节骨性关节炎患者和正常对照人群的体质指数(BMI)与骨性关节炎发病及影像学K/L评分的关系。为膝骨性关节炎的临床预防和治疗提供了理论依据。

1 对象与方法 1.1 对象

收集我院2005~2006年门诊及住院确诊为膝关节骨性关节炎患者216例, 其中男68例, 女148例, 平均年龄(59.7±18.9)岁, 范围30~89岁; 同时收集非膝关节骨性关节炎的正常人406例作为对照, 平均年龄(56.3±12.1)岁, 范围40~97岁。病例选择标准是Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L)评分≥2, 且静息痛病史6个月以上, 同时排除类风湿性关节炎、化脓性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、创伤性关节炎及有其他骨病史患者。按照国际卫生组织(WHO)标准以BMI>=25为肥胖, BMI < 25为非肥胖。正常人群的选择标准是从未有过任何关节疾病症状(疼痛、肿胀、僵硬、关节功能受限等)的健康体检人群。

1.2 方法

测量身高体重, 计算体质指数(BMI); 影像摄片, X光读片, 并根据Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L)评分法则1给予评分。K/L评分标准; 0为正常; Ⅰ为可以关节间隙狭窄, 骨刺唇样改变可能; Ⅱ为明显骨刺, 关节间隙狭窄可能; Ⅲ为中度多发骨刺, 确定关节间隙狭窄, 有一定的关节僵硬, 关节畸形改变可能; Ⅳ为严重骨刺, 明显的关节间隙狭窄, 关节僵硬, 关节畸形改变。

1.3 统计分析

采用SPSS 12.0软件进行统计学分析, 计算BMI在正常人群及骨性关节炎组分布; 计算肥胖人群在正常人群与骨性关节炎患者中的相对危险度(OROR95% CI)。

2 结果 2.1 体质指数分布

骨性关节炎患者无论男性女性, 其体质指数平均值均> 25, 即处于肥胖水平。通过独立双样本u检验发现, 骨性关节炎组男性、女性BMI分别为25.5±3.46、25.2±3.72, 高于正常对照男性和女性24.1±2.59, 23.0±4.28, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001);骨性关节炎组中男女比较, 差异无统计学意义。

2.2 BMI与骨性关节炎影像学进展相关性

通过统计发现, BMI与K/L评分有一定的相关性, Pearson相关系数为0.222, P=0.001 < 0.01。

2.3 肥胖人群在骨性关节炎及正常对照组中分布情况

肥胖在正常人群和骨性关节炎患者中所占比率分别为26%, 48%。通过比较, OR=2.63, P < 0.001。

3 讨论

Cooper等研究发现, 欧美人群中肥胖是骨性关节炎发生、发展的重要因素2。有研究表明, 欧美女性每减轻2个单位的体质指数, 其骨性关节炎进展的可能性将降低50%3。欧美女性中每增加5kg体重, 其骨性关节炎发病率将上升35%4。本研究发现, 无论男女, 骨性关节炎与BMI都呈显著相关。而且BMI与骨性关节炎严重程度也有一定程度的相关性。与Cooper等2的研究结论一致。

肥胖患者体内激素(包括雌激素、雄激素、瘦素等)水平异常, 激素代谢的异常导致软骨代谢功能失调, 从而引起骨性关节炎的发生、发展5, 7。肥胖患者体重增加导致膝关节负荷增加, 从而导致膝关节表面受力不均, 加速软骨丢失、骨刺形成8, 最终导致骨性关节炎的发生。肥胖导致骨性关节炎发生, 而且BMI与骨性关节炎严重程度也有一定程度的相关性, 提示减轻体重是预防和治疗骨性关节炎的有效措施9。肥胖是骨性关节炎的易感因素之一, 与肥胖相关的因素也可能是与骨性关节炎相关的因素。与肥胖发病相关基因的多态性位点是否是骨性关节炎的发病基因多态性位点, 有待进一步研究。

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