中国辐射卫生  2023, Vol. 32 Issue (5): 538-541  DOI: 10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2023.05.012

引用本文 

朱静, 张晓懿, 沈超, 徐志红, 陈伟. 低氘水对131I治疗甲状腺癌致辐射性胃肠炎的疗效评价 [J]. 中国辐射卫生, 2023, 32(5): 538-541. DOI: 10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2023.05.012.
ZHU Jing, ZHANG Xiaoyi, SHEN Chao, XU Zhihong, CHEN Wei. Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of deuterium depleted water on gastroenteritis induced by 131I radiation in thyroid cancer treatment [J]. Chinese Journal of Radiological Health, 2023, 32(5): 538-541. DOI: 10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2023.05.012.

基金项目

放射医学与辐射防护国家重点实验室资助项目(GZK1202109)

通讯作者

张晓懿,E-mail:16370743@qq.com

文章历史

收稿日期:2023-03-22
低氘水对131I治疗甲状腺癌致辐射性胃肠炎的疗效评价
朱静 1,2, 张晓懿 1,2, 沈超 1, 徐志红 3, 陈伟 3     
1. 常熟市第二人民医院核医学科,江苏 常熟 215500;
2. 放射医学与辐射防护国家重点实验室(苏州大学),江苏 苏州 215123;
3. 苏州思萃同位素技术研究所有限公司,江苏 常熟 215500
摘要目的 探讨口服低氘水对131I治疗甲状腺癌致辐射性胃肠炎的疗效。方法 连续收集2022年5月—2023年2月于常熟市第二人民医院核医学科采用 131I治疗的甲状腺乳头状癌(下简称甲状腺癌)患者50例,将其分为对照组和实验组,每组25例。对照组予以口服奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊,同时予口服纯净水660 mL tid,连续5 d;实验组在同对照组用药的基础上予口服低氘水660 mL tid,连续5 d。采用Fisher`s精确检验及Kaplan-Meier分析,观察比较2组患者服131I后辐射性胃肠炎发生情况,及胃肠道临床症状的缓解情况。结果131I后第1天至第5天,实验组患者发生胃肠道炎症例数分别为2(8%),5(20%),2(8%) ,1(4%) ,0(0%);对照组为2(8%),8(32%) ,4(16%),3(12%),1(4%)。2组间胃肠道炎发生率比较差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.064,P=0.044)。治疗5 d后,实验组患者总有效率96%,高于对照组的76%,2组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.105,P=0.025)。结论 口服低氘水对131I治疗甲状腺癌致辐射性胃肠道炎临床症状的缓解具有一定的疗效。建议临床进一步探讨应用。
关键词低氘水    甲状腺癌    辐射性胃肠炎    疗效评价    131I    
Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of deuterium depleted water on gastroenteritis induced by 131I radiation in thyroid cancer treatment
ZHU Jing 1,2, ZHANG Xiaoyi 1,2, SHEN Chao 1, XU Zhihong 3, CHEN Wei 3     
1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changshu No.2 People’s Hospital, Changshu 215500 China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China;
3. Suzhou Sicui Institute of Isotope Technology Company, Ltd, Changshu 215500 China
Abstract: Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of oral administration of deuterium depleted water on gastroenteritis induced by 131I radiation in thyroid cancer treatment. Methods Fifty patients with papillary thyroid cancer treated with 131I in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Changshu No.2 People’s Hospital from May 2022 to February 2023 were divided into control group and experimental group (25 patients in each group). Data were continuously collected throughout the study duration. The control group was orally administrated omeprazole enteric-coated capsules and purified water at 660 mL tid for 5 days. The experimental group received the same basic treatment as the control group except that deuterium depleted water was used instead of purified water. The incidence and alleviation of 131I radiation-induced gastroenteritis were observed and compared between the two groups using the Fisher’s exact test and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results The number of gastroenteritis cases from day 1 to day 5 after 131I administration was 2 (8%), 5 (20%), 2 (8%), 1 (4%), and 0 (0%), respectively, in the experimental group, and 2 (8%), 8 (32%), 4 (16%), 3 (12%), and 1 (4%), respectively, in the control group. The incidence of gastroenteritis was significantly different between the two groups (χ2=4.064, P=0.044). After 5 days of treatment, the overall response rate of patients in the experimental group was 96%, which was significantly higher than 76% in the control group (χ2=9.105, P=0.025). Conclusion Oral administration of deuterium depleted water is effective in the relief of clinical symptoms of 131I radiation-induced gastroenteritis in thyroid cancer treatment. The clinical application of deuterium depleted water should be further investigated.
Key words: Deuterium depleted water    Thyroid cancer    Radiation-induced gastroenteritis    Evaluation of therapeutic effect    131I    

甲状腺癌是临床常见的恶性肿瘤,其中分化型甲状腺癌是最常见的组织病理类型,131I是其重要的治疗手段之一[1-2]。然而131I治疗的患者,口服辐射剂量大[3]131I在胃肠道驻留量多且时间长[4],在短时间内胃肠道的不良反应显著[5],直接影响到部分患者的治疗依从性及疗效。本文在临床实践中遇到40%~80%的患者131I治疗后1~5 d内出现不同程度的胃肠道不适症状,临床诊断为辐射性胃肠炎。为缓解患者胃肠道不适症状导致的焦虑情绪,以及加快体内残余辐射的代谢,故对胃肠道损伤的预防及保护显得尤为重要。

有研究报道,低氘水(Deuterium-depleted Water, DDW)对接受X射线、γ射线照射的小鼠均能起到辐射保护作用,使其照后存活率显著增高[6-7]。近年众多文献亦报告,低氘水具有活化免疫细胞、改善机体基础代谢、抑制细胞突变、脂质的内源性合成等生物学作用[8-9]。笔者旨在探讨口服低氘水对于131I治疗甲状腺癌致辐射性胃肠炎的临床疗效及预后影响,现报告如下。

1 材料与方法 1.1 一般资料

连续收集2022年5月—2023年2月于常熟市第二人民医院核医学科采用 131I治疗的甲状腺癌患者50例。分为对照组和实验组,每组25例,其中实验组男12例,女13例;年龄20~60岁,平均年龄(40.84±10.70)岁。对照组男12例,女13例;年龄21~62岁,平均年龄(40.56±12.43)。所有患者接受131I治疗前1个月,均未行全身放化疗。纳入标准:①年龄在20~65岁、临床资料完整、病理确诊为甲状腺乳头状癌患者。②采用口服150~200 mCi 131I治疗的甲状腺癌患者。③配合随访并言语交流正常者。排除标准:①半年内行其他重大手术者。②合并严重心、肝及肾等疾病者。

本研究经过医院伦理委员会审核批准(伦理审查号:2021-KY-04),纳入受试者均自愿参加,并签署知情同意书。

1.2 方 法 1.2.1 治疗方法

①甲状腺癌131I治疗剂量和用法:2组患者入组后,经病情评估,口服150~200 mCi 131I治疗。②低氘水介入方法:对照组患者予以口服奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊(20 mg 14粒/瓶,海南海天)20 mg bid联合纯净水(江苏奥特泉超轻水饮料有限公司,食品生产许可证编号SC10632058101493,330 mL/瓶)2瓶 tid,连续5 d;实验组患者则口服奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊20 mg bid联合低氘水(江苏奥特泉超轻水饮料有限公司,食品生产许可证编号SC10632058101493,50 PPM,330 mL/瓶)2瓶 tid,连续5 d。③所有患者均忌碘饮食。

1.2.2 疗效判断

治愈:5 d内患者症状(恶心、呕吐、腹胀、腹痛)完全消失,可以正常进食,恢复至治疗前食量;显效:5 d内患者症状自我感觉明显缓解,患者食欲尚未恢复至治疗前;有效:5 d内症状有所降低,但仍难受,可少食多餐进食,还需药物干预;无效:5 d内患者腹部不适症状无缓解,仍无食欲、仍有腹胀、恶心等不适症状。总有效率例数=(治愈例数 + 显效例数 + 有效例数)。

1.3 统计学方法

数据处理采用SPSS19.0软件包处理,临床计数资料以(n%)表示,组间数据差异的比较采用Fisher`s精确检验;对胃肠道炎症的发生进行Kaplan-Meier分析(以出现胃肠道炎症为结局事件),Log-rank检验用于比较2组胃肠道炎症发生的时间分布的差异,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。

2 结 果

结合临床经验,患者口服150~200 mCi 131I治疗5 d后出现胃肠道反应的症状均明显缓解。故本文采用5 d作为一个治疗评估期限。

结果显示,服131I后第1天至第5天,实验组患者发生胃肠道炎症例数为2(8%),5(20%),2(8%) ,1(4%) ,0(0%),对照组为2(8%),8(32%),4(16%),3(12%),1(4%),2组对胃肠道炎症的发生进行Kaplan-Meier分析,图1 Kaplan-Meier曲线显示:实验组第1天胃肠道不适的发生率为8%,第2天为28%,第3天为36%,第4天为40%;对照组第1天胃肠道不适的发生率为8%,第2天为40%,第3天为56%,第4天为68%,第5天为72%,2组间胃肠道不适发生率差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.064,P=0.044)。数据见表1图1

图 1 K-M生存曲线分析2组胃肠道炎症发生率 Figure 1 K-M survival analysis of the incidence of gastroenteritis in the two groups 注:组别1为对照组;组别2为实验组。

表 1 2组患者服131I后胃肠道炎症发生率比较(n%) Table 1 Comparison of the incidence of gastroenteritis between the two groups of patients treated with 131I

治疗5 d后,按上述1.2.2疗效判断:实验组患者总有效率96.00%,高于对照组的76.00%,差异有统计学意义(采用Fisher`s精确检验,χ2=9.105,P=0.025)。数据见表2

表 2 2组总有效率的比较(n%) Table 2 Comparison of overall response rate between the two groups
3 讨 论

有放疗报告阐明,胃肠道黏膜属于放射敏感组织,其放射耐受剂量为45 Gy,超过55 Gy放射剂量时,就可能并发放射性胃肠炎,临床表现为腹痛、腹胀、纳差、恶心、呕吐,严重者可引起消化道出血[10]。作为接受口服高剂量开放性辐射制剂131I治疗的甲状腺癌患者,其残留在食管、胃肠道等器官的131I必然会给周围组织造成一定剂量的直接辐射[11],导致辐射性炎症。目前,临床上对于口服131I治疗甲状腺癌胃肠道炎症患者的治疗手段主要是抑酸、保护黏膜等,但这些治疗手段并不能及时快速的降低中重度辐射性胃肠炎患者的消化道不适症状,在短期内一定程度上影响了患者的治疗情绪及临床疗效。文献[12]报道,口服低氘水可改变胃肠道局部的D/H比例,能快速稀释胃肠内容物,有利于胃肠道对食物的消化及吸收,激活体内消化酶的活性而促进胃肠道的消化功能,降低肠胃的消化压力。动物研究结果还证实,低氘水对糖尿病大鼠溃疡创面愈合[13]有促进作用。且可降低小鼠对致命剂量γ射线全身照射的敏感性[6],可刺激外周血细胞增殖、激活细胞免疫、增强小鼠免疫防御[14-15],提示低氘水具有抗辐射损伤作用,本文支持上述文献的结果和观点。

本文结果显示:实验组患者和对照组患者在服131I后第1天至第5天,2组的胃肠道炎症发生率整体相比差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 4.064,P = 0.044)。治疗5 d后,实验组患者总有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 9.105,P = 0.025)。关于口服低氘水缓解临床症状的机制:笔者考虑可能与低氘水有利于激活体内消化酶的活性,促进胃肠道的消化功能,降低胃肠道的消化压力;同时还可在胃肠道遭受辐射损伤时即刻启动患者的体液免疫和细胞免疫功能,尤其是其可抑制前炎性细胞因子分泌,有效减轻炎症的进展,早期缓解临床症状。临床观察发现,应用低氘水辅助干预后的辐射性胃肠炎患者,其住院期间的症状缓解和康复程度要显著优于对照组患者。

综上所述,本文研究的低氘水并非药物,但在甲状腺癌131I治疗后致胃肠道炎症的干预中显示出了一定的疗效。至于确切的效用反应机制及其相关的利与弊尚待临床增加样本量后,在基础研究中实施更为深入地探讨。以求更科学、广泛地应用于临床。

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