畜牧兽医学报  2022, Vol. 53 Issue (7): 2152-2159. DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.07.012    PDF    
lncRNA EPB41L4A-AS通过调控ErbB3抑制奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖的研究
刘丽华, 钟震宇, 郑玉杰, 王昕     
西北农林科技大学动物科技学院, 杨凌 712100
摘要:旨在探究泌乳早期高表达lncRNA EPB41L4A-AS在奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)中的功能及其调控机制。本研究通过将EPB41L4A-AS siRNA和si-NC分别转染BMECs,利用EdU和MTT试验检测其对BMECs增殖的影响;qPCR和Western blot试验检测ErbB3和PIK3R1、AKTSTAT5a基因表达情况。EdU和MTT结果表明,降低EPB41L4A-AS的表达后极显著提高了奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的活力(P < 0.001),EdU阳性细胞数目明显增多;qPCR和Western blot结果表明,降低EPB41L4A-AS的表达后ErbB3和PIK3R1、AKTSTAT5a mRNA的相对丰度都显著高于对照组(P < 0.05),且ErbB3和PIK3R1、AKT、p-AKT、STAT5a蛋白水平的相对表达量显著升高(P < 0.05)。本研究结果表明,降低EPB41L4A-AS表达后能够促进ErbB3的表达,激活PI3K/AKT和JAK-STAT信号通路从而促进BMECs的增殖。本研究揭示了EPB41L4A-AS在BMECs增殖中的作用和调控途径,为深入探究lncRNA对BMECs的调控机理提供理论依据。
关键词lncRNA    ErbB3    信号通路    奶牛乳腺上皮细胞    
lncRNA EPB41L4A-AS Inhibits the Proliferation of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells by Regulating the Expression of ErbB3 Gene
LIU Lihua, ZHONG Zhenyu, ZHENG Yujie, WANG Xin     
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Abstract: This study aimed to explore the function and regulatory mechanism of EPB41L4A-AS with high expression in early lactation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). In this study, EPB41L4A-AS siRNA and si-NC were transfected into BMECs, respectively. The effect of EPB41L4A-AS siRNA on the proliferation of BMECs was detected by EdU and MTT assays; qPCR and Western blot methods were used to detect the expression of ErbB3, PIK3R1, AKT and STAT5a genes. EdU and MTT results showed that the activity of BMECs was significantly increased with the interference of EPB41L4A-AS expression (P < 0.001) and the number of EdU positive cells obviously increased. qPCR and Western blot results showed that the relative mRNA abundance of ErbB3, PIK3R1, AKT and STAT5a were significantly higher than those of the control group after interfering EPB41L4A-AS expression (P < 0.05), and the relative protein expression levels of ErbB3, PIK3R1, AKT, p-AKT and STAT5a significantly increased (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggested that reducing the expression of EPB41L4A-AS promoted the expression of ErbB3, and activated the PI3K/AKT and JAK-STAT signaling pathways to promote the proliferation of BMECs. This study revealed the role and regulatory pathway of EPB41L4A-As in BMECs proliferation, which provided a theoretical basis for further exploring the regulation mechanism of lncRNA on BMECs.
Key words: lncRNA    ErbB3    signaling pathway    bovine mammary epithelial cells    

奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)在奶牛乳腺发育与泌乳中发挥着重要作用[1-3],也是乳汁合成与分泌的重要场所,对于乳品质、乳成分及产乳量具有重要影响[4-5]。长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs, lncRNAs)是长度超过200 nt的转录本,具有重编程基因表达,影响细胞命运决定,细胞周期进展、凋亡和衰老等功能[6]

已有的研究表明,lncRNA参与乳腺发育、泌乳和乳腺炎等过程[7-8]。lncRNA NEAT1缺失型小鼠的乳腺上皮细胞增殖能力下降,并导致小鼠乳腺导管形态及泌乳功能发生退化[9]。lncRNA ROR使乳腺干细胞的自我更新能力增强,并且提高乳腺干细胞对雌激素毒性的防御能力[10]。lncRNA MALAT1、AWPPHCASC9等在乳腺癌组织和细胞中高表达,下调其表达可抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖和侵袭,抑制肿瘤的生长[11-13]

PI3K-AKT信号通路对乳腺中乳脂和乳蛋白的合成、BMECs的增殖和凋亡等过程发挥重要作用[14-15]。JAK-STAT信号通路中,Jak2磷酸化转录因子信号转导和转录激活因子5a(STAT5a),而STAT5a激活β-酪蛋白(Csn2)等乳蛋白编码基因的转录[16-18]。ErbB3与磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)的PIK3R1(p85调节亚基)有6个结合位点,当磷酸化后,ErbB3与PIK3R1相互作用促进PI3K的活性,激活AKT[19]。也有研究发现,ErbB3敲除小鼠乳腺中表达p-STAT5a/b的aMEC(alveolar mammary epithelial cells)很少,ErbB3可能作为ErbB4的异二聚体伴侣参与了信号级联,激活STAT5a的表达和磷酸化[20]

本课题组前期对荷斯坦奶牛乳腺组织的lncRNA-seq分析结果表明,lncRNA EPB41L4A-AS(erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 4A antisense RNA)在干奶期及泌乳期差异表达,生物信息学分析表明其参与调控生长因子连接及蛋白质磷酸化等过程[21]。因此,本研究干扰EPB41L4A-AS后检测其对BMECs增殖及PI3K-AKT和JAK-STAT信号通路相关基因表达的影响,为阐释lncRNA调控奶牛乳腺发育与泌乳的分子机理及奶牛的分子育种等工作提供理论基础。

1 材料与方法 1.1 BMECs培养和转染

奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)系由西北农林科技大学赵辛教授实验室提供,用SV40大T抗原转染BMECs获得。BMECs在DMEM培养基(10%胎牛血清、1%青-链霉素、5 μg·mL-1胰岛素和1 μg·mL-1地塞米松)中于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养。当细胞培养至60%~70%汇合时,转染EPB41L4A-AS siRNA(序列为5′-CTGCTTGTATGAAACTACT-3′)和NC-siRNA(广州锐博),培养箱中孵育48 h,每组设置3个重复。

1.2 BMECs RNA核质分离

按照细胞核蛋白/浆蛋白抽提试剂盒(C510001,生工)分离BMECs细胞质与细胞核;Trizol法分别提取细胞核与细胞质RNA。

1.3 MTT检测BMECs活力

将BMECs按每孔5 × 103细胞接种于96孔板。转染EPB41L4A-AS siRNA和NC-siRNA 48 h,每组设置6个重复,添加20 μL无菌MTT,培养箱中孵育4 h。每孔加入150 μL二甲基亚砜(DMSO)后置于摇床孵育10 min,直到紫色晶体完全溶解。利用酶标仪检测波长570 nm处的吸光度(A)值,计算细胞活力。

1.4 EdU检测BMECs增殖

将BMECs按每孔5 × 103细胞接种于96孔板,每组设置3个重复。转染EPB41L4A-AS siRNA和NC-siRNA 48 h后,按照EdU细胞增殖检测试剂盒(c10310-1,广州锐博)进行操作,在荧光显微镜下观察并拍照。

1.5 Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)检测BMECs中基因表达水平

TRIzol法提取组织和细胞中总RNA,使用PrimerScript RT试剂盒(TaKaRa,大连)反转录获得cDNA。引物采用Primer 6.0设计,由上海生工合成(表 1)。反应体系参考PerfectStart Green qPCR SuperMix (AQ601-01,TRANS)试剂盒说明书,反应程序: 95 ℃ 3 min; 95 ℃ 15 s,60 ℃(或最适温度) 30 s,40个循环。

表 1 EPB41L4A-AS等基因的qPCR引物信息 Table 1 Real-time PCR primers information for EPB41L4A-AS and genes
1.6 Western blot检测BMECs蛋白表达水平

转染48 h后,使用RIPA(radioimmunoprecipitation assay)细胞裂解液(Applygen,北京)从BMECs中提取总蛋白。利用10% SDS-PAGE凝胶分离蛋白样品(20 μg)并转移到聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜上。室温下用5%脱脂奶粉溶液封闭1 h后,在4 ℃下用兔单克隆抗体ErbB3 (Abcam,1∶1 000稀释)、鼠单克隆抗体PIK3R1(proteintech,1∶2 000稀释)、兔多克隆抗体AKT(碧云天,1∶2 000稀释)、鼠单克隆抗体p-AKT(proteintech,1∶2 000稀释)和鼠单克隆抗体STAT5a(SANTA CRUZ,1∶500稀释),孵育过夜,然后山羊抗兔IgG和山羊抗小鼠IgG孵育(中山生物,北京)。利用ACTIN (Abcam,1∶5 000稀释)作为内参,通过Super ECL Plus(Apply-GEN)对蛋白条带可视化。

1.7 数据分析

qPCR结果以内参基因β-actin为对照,采用2-△△CT的方法进行数据处理;MTT试验,根据不同处理组490 nm波长下OD值,分析试验组与对照组的相对比值;Western blot数据用软件ImageJ进行灰度分析,用GraphPad Prism 9软件对数据采用t检验进行差异显著性分析并作图。差异显著性用*P<0.05、**P<0.01、***P<0.001表示。

2 结果 2.1 EPB41L4A-AS在奶牛乳腺组织中的表达

前期的测序发现EPB41L4A-AS(NC-037337.1,位于奶牛10号染色体,逆向转录,因此将其命名为EPB41L4A-AS)在泌乳早期的表达量显著高于干奶期[21],因此,通过qPCR对EPB41L4A-AS在奶牛乳腺组织中的表达量进行了验证。结果表明,EPB41L4A-AS在泌乳期表达量极显著高于干奶期(图 1aP < 0.01),与测序结果一致。亚细胞定位结果表明,EPB41L4A-AS在BMECs细胞核和细胞质中均有分布,且主要存在于细胞质中(图 1b)。

a. EPB41L4A-AS在干奶期(CD)和泌乳期(CL)奶牛乳腺组织中的相对表达量,**P < 0.01,下同。b. EPB41L4A-AS的亚细胞定位:1.细胞核;2.细胞质;M. DNA相对分子质量标准 a. Relative expression of EPB41L4A-AS in mammary gland tissue of dry (CD) and lactation (CL) stages, **P < 0.01, the same as below. b. Subcellular localization of EPB41L4A-AS: 1. Nucleus; 2. Cytoplasm; M. DNA marker 图 1 EPB41L4A-AS在奶牛乳腺组织中的表达和亚细胞定位 Fig. 1 Expression and subcellular localization of EPB41L4A-AS in bovine mammary gland tissue
2.2 EPB41L4A-AS对BMECs增殖的影响

向BMECs中转染150 nmol·L-1 EPB41L4A-AS siRNA 48 h后,EPB41L4A-AS的相对表达量极显著低于对照组(图 2aP < 0.01)。MTT结果表明,与对照组相比,降低EPB41L4A-AS的表达后奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的活力极显著提高(图 2bP < 0.001)。EdU试验进一步表明,降低EPB41L4A-AS的表达后EdU阳性细胞数目明显增多(图 2c),而且细胞增殖相关基因CDK1的相对表达量显著高于对照组(图 2dP < 0.05)。

a. siRNA对BMECs的干扰效率;b. siRNA对BMECs活力的影响;c. siRNA对BMECs增殖的影响; d. siRNA对BMECs中CDK1相对表达量的影响。*. P < 0.05;***.P < 0.001,下同 a. Interference efficiency of siRNA on BMECs; b. Effect of siRNA on BMECs activity; c. Effect of siRNA on proliferation of BMECs; d. Effects of siRNA on the relative expression of CDK1 in BMECs. *. P < 0.05; ***. P < 0.001, the same as below 图 2 EPB41L4A-AS对BMECs活力和增殖的影响 Fig. 2 Effects of EPB41L4A-AS on the activity and proliferation of BMECs
2.3 EPB41L4A-AS调控BMECs中ErbB3的表达

由于ErbB3基因能够促进乳腺的发育和分化[20],因此本研究在降低EPB41L4A-AS的表达后,在转录和翻译水平分别检测了ErbB3基因的表达量情况。qPCR结果表明,降低EPB41L4A-AS的表达后,ErbB3基因的相对表达量显著高于对照组(图 3aP < 0.05),Western blot结果进一步表明,ErbB3基因在蛋白水平的表达量也极显著增加(图 3bP < 0.01)。

a.siRNA对ErbB3基因相对表达量的影响;b. siRNA对ErbB3蛋白相对表达量的影响 a.Effect of siRNA on relative mRNA expression of ErbB3 gene; b.Effect of siRNA on relative protein expression of ErbB3 图 3 EPB41L4A-AS调控BMECs中ErbB3的表达 Fig. 3 EPB41L4A-AS regulates the expression of ErbB3 in BMECs
2.4 EPB41L4A-AS对BMECs中PI3K-AKT和JAK-STAT信号通路的调控

PI3K-AKT和JAK-STAT信号通路在奶牛乳腺中乳脂和乳蛋白的合成、BMECs的增殖和凋亡等过程中发挥重要作用,而ErbB3是它们的上游基因[19-20],因此本研究对这两个信号通路中PIK3R1、AKTSTAT5a基因也进行了检测。结果表明,降低EPB41L4A-AS的表达后,PIK3R1、AKTSTAT5a基因的相对表达量都显著高于对照组(图 4a4b4cP < 0.05)。Western blot结果进一步表明,PIK3R1、AKT和STAT5a在蛋白水平的相对表达量显著升高(图 4d4e4f4gP < 0.05)。由于AKT发生磷酸化后才具有活性,才可以激活下游因子进而起到调节细胞的功能,因此检测了磷酸化AKT的表达量,发现降低EPB41L4A-AS的表达后磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)的表达量显著升高(图 4d4hP < 0.05)。

a~c. siRNA对PIK3R1、AKTSTAT5a基因相对表达量的影响; d~h. siRNA对PIK3R1、AKT、p-AKT和STAT5a蛋白相对表达量的影响 a-c. Effects of siRNA on the relative mRNA expression levels of PIK3R1, AKT and STAT5a genes; d-h. Effects of siRNA on the relative protein expression levels of PIK3R1, AKT, p-AKT and STAT5a 图 4 EPB41L4A-AS对BMECs中PI3K-AKT和JAK-STAT信号通路的影响 Fig. 4 Effects of EPB41L4A-AS on PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in BMECs
3 讨论

lncRNA是一类长度大于200 nt的非编码RNA分子,通过表观遗传、转录以及转录后调控等多个层面调控基因的表达[22-24],参与乳腺的发育、泌乳和乳腺炎等过程[25-26]。已有研究证明,lncRNA可以抑制乳腺上皮细胞增殖,如lncRNA Zfas1在乳腺组织中高表达,敲低lncRNA Zfas1会导致乳腺上皮细胞增殖,且较正常者而言,三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)患者血液中lncRNA Zfas1的表达明显下调,表明其可能是一种肿瘤抑制lncRNA[27-28]。课题组前期对奶牛泌乳期和干奶期乳腺组织进行lncRNA测序发现,EPB41L4A-AS在泌乳早期高表达,提示EPB41L4A-AS可能在控制上皮细胞生长和增殖中发挥重要作用。因此,本研究首先利用qPCR技术验证了EPB41L4A-AS在干奶期和泌乳期乳腺组织中相对表达量,结果与测序相一致。进一步对EPB41L4A-AS的功能研究发现,降低EPB41L4A-AS的表达后EdU阳性细胞数目和细胞活力明显增加,表明EPB41L4A-AS在泌乳期作为乳腺上皮细胞增殖的抑制因子,维持乳腺上皮细胞的稳定。

已有的研究表明,ErbB3能够促进乳腺增生和乳腺癌细胞增殖[29-30]。本研究发现,干扰EPB41L4A-AS后显著增加了BMECs中ErbB3的相对表达量,并且促进BMECs的增殖,这与已有的研究结果相符。ErbB3在妊娠中期乳腺中参与了PI3K/AKT和JAK-STAT信号通路,PI3K/AKT信号对于妊娠期间迅速扩大的aMEC群体的生存是必需的,而STAT5a信号是ErbB3下游MEC分化的关键驱动因素[19]STAT5a可以通过信号转导途径调节乳蛋白合成和妊娠期乳腺上皮细胞的分化,维持乳腺上皮细胞的存活,促进酪蛋白合成[31-32]。不同的AKT1、AKT2和AKT3敲除小鼠表明,AKTSTAT5a的激活和乳腺细胞增殖是必要的[33]。因此,本研究干扰EPB41L4A-AS后检测了PI3K-AKT和JAK-STAT信号通路中相关基因的表达是否受到影响,发现PIK3R1、AKTSTAT5a基因在转录和翻译水平均受EPB41L4A-AS的调控,干扰EPB41L4A-AS表达后,显著增加了PIK3R1、AKTSTAT5a在mRNA水平的相对表达量。PIK3R1、AKT和STAT5a蛋白的相对表达量显著升高,且磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)蛋白的表达量也显著升高。这些结果表明,干扰EPB41L4A-AS表达后显著增加了BMECs中ErbB3的相对表达量,从而促进PI3K/AKT和JAK-STAT信号通路关键基因的表达。

有研究证明,lncRNAs能直接与信号蛋白的功能域相互作用,NF-κB可以上调lncRNA NKILA的表达量,同时NKILA与NF-κB/IκB结合,直接掩盖了IκB的磷酸化基序,从而抑制IKK诱导的IκB磷酸化和NF-κB激活,影响乳腺癌的转移和预后[34]。在hESCs中,定位细胞质的lncRNA hFAST结合到E3泛素连接酶β-TrCP的WD40结构域,并阻断其与磷酸化β-catenin的相互作用以防止降解,导致WNT信号通路激活,从而实现多能性[35]。lncRNA DANCR与RXRA结合,通过GSK3β增加其丝氨酸49/78磷酸化,从而激活PIK3CA转录,进而增强PI3K/AKT信号通路和TNBC肿瘤的发生[36]。因此推测,EPB41L4A-AS可能与ErbB3蛋白的功能域存在潜在的相互作用,但这需要更深入的研究证明。

4 结论

本研究结果表明,降低EPB41L4A-AS表达后能够促进ErbB3的表达,激活PI3K/AKT和JAK-STAT信号通路从而促进BMECs的增殖。

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