广东工业大学学报  2014, Vol. 31Issue (4): 100-103.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7162.2014.04.019.
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引用本文 

代传堤, 吴多龙, 吴艳杰, 黎宇彪, 林青. 一种紧凑型多频段手机内置环形天线的设计[J]. 广东工业大学学报, 2014, 31(4): 100-103. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7162.2014.04.019.
Dai Chuan-di, Wu Duo-long, Wu Yan-jie, Li Yu-biao, Lin Qing. Design of a Compact Internal Multiband Loop Antenna for Mobile Handset[J]. Journal of Guangdong University of Technology, 2014, 31(4): 100-103. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7162.2014.04.019.

基金项目:

2010广州市番禺区产学研结合重大项目(110030)

作者简介:

代传堤(1988-),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为射频微波与天线技术。

文章历史

收稿日期:2012-07-31
一种紧凑型多频段手机内置环形天线的设计
代传堤1, 吴多龙1, 吴艳杰1, 黎宇彪1, 林青2     
1. 广东工业大学 物理与光电工程学院,广东 广州 510006;
2. 广州思泰信息技术有限公司,广东 广州 510663
摘要: 设计了一种应用于GSM850/900/GPS/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS2100多频段移动通信制式的紧凑型手机内置环形天线.整个天线结构包括一个弯折线形的折叠环形辐射体和T型背面耦合单元,其中环形辐射体由连接至微带馈线的T型单元通过电磁耦合机制激励.整个结构尺寸为114 mm×61.6 mm×6 mm,其中环形辐射体仅占空间61.6 mm×15 mm×6 mm,结构紧凑,适合满足移动手机狭小的空间要求.使用HFSS仿真软件设计和优化天线,并构建一个实际的测试模型.测量结果和仿真结果吻合良好,表明此天线能够满足实际需求.
关键词: 手机天线    折叠环形天线    多频段天线    阻抗带宽    
Design of a Compact Internal Multiband Loop Antenna for Mobile Handset
Dai Chuan-di1, Wu Duo-long1, Wu Yan-jie1, Li Yu-biao1, Lin Qing2     
1. School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
2. Lin Qing Guangzhou Stratac Information Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510663, China
Abstract: The design of a compact internal multiband folded loop antenna for GSM850/900/GPS/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS2100 multiple mobile operation has been proposed. The whole antenna structure consists of a single folded meander loop track and a T-shape back-coupling element, whereas the loop pattern is activated through the electromagnetic coupling mechanism by the T-shape element which is connected to the microstrip feeding line. The size of the total structure is 114 mm×61.6 mm×6 mm, meanwhile the area left for the loop track is only 61.6 mm×15 mm×6 mm. The compact structure makes the design very suitable for the mobile phone requirements for slim space. The design and optimizing of the performance of the proposed antenna were performed by using the simulator software HFSS. An actual model has been prototyped for testing. Measured and electromagnetic simulated results are in good agreement, thus indicating that the proposed antenna can meet the actual demands.
Key words: handset antenna    folded loop antenna    multi-band antenna    impedance bandwidth bandwidth    
1 问题的提出

随着无线通信技术的飞速发展,特别是近几年来智能手机的日新月异,手机越来越趋向小型化、多功能、高性能发展,在小体积的手机中集成更多的无线服务的需求不断增大,这对手机天线的设计提出了更高的要求.为满足实际需要,多频段多功能的手机天线越来越多地被研究与应用.宽频段、多带宽、结构紧凑是手机内置多频段天线设计的重要因素,如mon-opole [1-3]、PIFA[4-7]和许多其他类型的天线设计[8-15].

近来,许多文献提到环形天线由于自身独特的多模特征,可为多频段手机天线的应用提供可行的解决方案.环形天线可以看作是工作在0.5 λ和1.5 λ两个非平衡模式下的折叠型单极子天线(folded monopole) [5],也可以看作是工作在1 λ平衡模式下的折叠型偶极子天线(folded dipole) [8-10],因此单个环形天线就可以产生多达3个谐振模式,从而适合于移动手机多通信制式的频段需求.

但由于环天线具有高谐振阻抗的特征[11],在手机狭小的空间内配置环形天线良好的阻抗匹配对天线工程师来说是项挑战,各种调谐技术也被相继研究和应用.文献[8, 13]提到通过增加调谐贴片能够改善天线谐振阻抗,文献[11-12]则采用了可重构技术,利用在电流密集处增加匹配桥或P-I-N二极管来控制电流流向,从而控制环形天线的谐振特性.文献[14-15]则采用辐射体耦合馈电方式,利用馈电单极子天线(feeding monopole)通过电磁耦合激励辐射环形天线.

本文提出了一种紧凑型手机内置环形天线系统,由环形辐射体和T形耦合单元组成.其中环形辐射体采用弯折线折叠型结构,通过PCB板下平面的T形单元进行电磁耦合馈电,从而克服了环形天线自身高阻抗的缺点,充分利用其多模多谐振的优点.以VSWR= 3: 1计算,所制天线系统能够产生777~1 620 MHz和1 390~2 155 MHz两个频段的谐振带宽,从而能够覆盖GSM- 850/GSM900/GPS/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS2100通信制式(Low Band: 824-960 MHz, High Band: 1575-2170 MHz).

设计中的环形天线辐射体仅占61.6×15×6 mm3的空间,结构紧凑,高度较低,非常容易满足移动终端狭小的空间限制.实验中对天线进行了软件仿真、样品构造和测试,其仿真结果和测试结果吻合良好,证明此天线能够满足实际需求.

2 天线设计

图 1给出了所述天线的结构示意图.其中图 1(a)为系统的三维视图,整个天线系统由PCB板、上层地面、介质衬底和天线金属部分组成.其中PCB板采用厚度为1 mm的FR-4介质基板,其相对介电常数为4.4,损耗正切为0.02,并设定其长宽为114 mm×61.6 mm.介质衬底则由介电常数为1.07,体积尺寸为15 mm× 61.6 mm×6 mm的泡沫构成.天线的金属部分由折叠环形带(folded loop strip)和电容耦合馈线(capacitivly coupling feeding line)组成,其中环形带由一单连续的弯折形环形单元组成,采用左右对称、等线宽等间隔的分布方式,并沿图 1(b)所示的弯折线(bending line)折叠成3个区域,以增加其电长度的同时减少其所占的空间,最后通过短路点1和短路点2连接到PCB板的上层地面.为了增加与下层馈线间的耦合程度,环形带在①区域增加了3 mm宽度的调谐片(tuning pad).通过仿真验证,调节调谐片的长度可以达到调节天线阻抗匹配的效果.耦合馈线则由两个线宽相等的T型耦合单元组成,并连接至线宽为1.9 mm,阻抗为50 Ω的微带馈线,如图 1(c)所示.

图 1 天线的几何形状(单位:mm) Figure 1 Geometry of the proposed antenna: (a) 3D view, (b) Plan view of the loop radiating track, and (c) Bottom view
3 结果与分析

图 2为采用耦合馈电(Coupling feeding)与在环形天线短路点1处采用同轴线直接馈电(Direct feeding)所得到的反射系数曲线.

图 2 不同馈电机制仿真的反射系数 Figure 2 Simulated results of the reflection coefficient with different feeding mechanisms

图 2可知,采用耦合馈电方式,能够使得环形天线在低频段处产生的两个谐振合为一个谐振,并扩大-6 dB的谐振带宽,同时降低高频段的谐振频率,使其能够覆盖GPS通信制式.

为实验测试需要,实验中构建了天线的实际测试模型,如图 3所示.其中图 3(b)中PCB顶端的两个白色过孔为印刷电路板安装孔,经仿真验证,其对天线反射系数的影响基本可以略去.馈电末端连接至50 Ω阻抗的SMA测试线,并使用Agilent E5515C型射频矢量网络分析仪进行测试,测试结果如图 4所示.

图 3 天线的实际测试模型与测试线连接图 Figure 3 Manufactured antenna prototypes and testing line: (a) Top View, and (b) Bottom view
图 4 天线模型的仿真和实测反射系数曲线 Figure 4 Measured and simulated reflection coefficient for the proposed antenna prototypes

图 4可知,天线在低频段产生一个谐振,在高频段产生两个谐振,以反射系数return coefficient=-6 dB (VSWR=3: 1)计算,谐振低频带宽为777~1 620 MHz,高频带宽为1 390~2 155 MHz,基本能够满足Low GSM850/GSM900 Band (LB: 824~960 MHz)和High GPS/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS2100 Band (HB: 1 575~2 170 MHz)的频段要求.图 5所示为仿真所得的环形天线分别在3个谐振频点0.911 GHz,1.655 GHz和2.107 GHz,在X-Z和Y-Z截面上的增益方向图(Gain (dB)).

图 5 仿真所得天线在不同频点上的辐射增益方向图 Figure 5 Simulated radiation patterns at (a) 0.911 GHz, (b) 1.655 GHz, and (c) 2.107 GHz for the proposed antenna
4 结论

设计了一种手机内置多谐振多频段环形天线,通过采用PCB背面的馈线进行耦合馈电方式,克服了环形天线高阻抗的缺点,实现了天线的宽频特性.天线结构简单,设计紧凑,具有易共形、易美化和制作方便的优点.通过加工制作实物测试,证实了该环形天线可满足824~960MHz和1575~2170 MHz的频段带宽要求,适用于当前采用GSM850/900/GPS/GSM1800 /GSM1900/UMTS2100制式的移动终端.

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