上海海洋大学学报  2019, Vol. 28 Issue (5): 744-754    PDF    
闽江水系野生绒螯蟹的营养品质分析
祖露1, 龙晓文1, 徐建峰2, 成永旭1,3,4, 吴旭干1,3,4     
1. 上海海洋大学 农业农村部淡水种质资源重点实验室, 上海 201306;
2. 福建省连江县水产技术推广站, 福建 连江 350500;
3. 上海海洋大学 农业农村部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心, 上海 201306;
4. 上海海洋大学 水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心, 上海 201306
摘要:采取活体解剖和生化分析方法,研究闽江水系野生绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sensu stricto,简称河蟹)成蟹的性腺指数(GSI)、肝胰腺指数(HSI)、出肉率(MY)、总可食率(TEY)和可食部位的常规生化成分、脂肪酸和氨基酸组成,并比较雌雄间的性别差异。结果显示:(1)雄蟹的平均体质量和MY均显著大于雌蟹,雌蟹的GSI显著高于雄蟹(P < 0.05),两者的HSI和TEY均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(2)雄蟹性腺中的水分含量显著高于雌蟹,雌蟹性腺中脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物含量均显著高于雄蟹(P < 0.05);雄蟹肝胰腺的水分含量显著高于雌蟹(P < 0.05),雌蟹肝胰腺的总脂含量显著高于雄蟹(P < 0.05);雌雄蟹肌肉中的水分、脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(3)雌蟹和雄蟹肝胰腺中的脂肪酸组成差异较小;雌蟹性腺中的总单不饱和脂肪酸(∑MUFA)含量显著高于雄蟹,雄蟹性腺中的总多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)、总高度不饱和脂肪酸(∑HUFA)及∑n-6PUFA含量均显著高于雌蟹(P < 0.05);雌蟹肌肉中的∑MUFA含量显著高于雄蟹,雄蟹肌肉中的∑PUFA、∑HUFA和∑n-6PUFA含量较高(P < 0.05)。(4)雌蟹性腺中大部分氨基酸及总氨基酸(TAA)含量显著高于雄蟹,仅脯氨酸含量以雄蟹较高(P < 0.01);雄蟹肌肉中的半胱氨酸含量显著高于雌蟹(P < 0.05),其余氨基酸含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。雌蟹性腺和肌肉中大部分必需氨基酸评分(EAAS)高于雄蟹,雄蟹性腺苏氨酸、蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸和肌肉色氨酸、蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸的EAAS高于雌蟹。综上,闽江水系河蟹雌雄个体的总可食率无显著性差异,各可食部位的比例存在性别差异;雌雄成蟹均具有较高的氨基酸和脂肪酸营养价值,雄蟹性腺和肌肉中的脂肪酸组成优于雌蟹,雌蟹性腺和肌肉中的氨基酸组成相对较好。
关键词绒螯蟹    闽江    野生种群    可食率    性别差异    营养品质    

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)是我国重要的淡水养殖蟹类,野生群体广泛分布于我国沿海各大水系,主要包括辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江等[1-3]。由于过度捕捞、水利设施影响河蟹洄游通道和环境污染等原因,河蟹野生资源急剧下降,难以满足市场需求[4]。在市场需求推动下,河蟹人工养殖在我国大部分地区迅速发展,2018年养殖产量达75.7万t [5]。目前,我国河蟹养殖区域主要集中在长江、黄河和辽河流域,主要养殖长江水系和辽河水系的河蟹[6-8]。河蟹可食率和营养组成的研究报道主要集中在长江水系养殖河蟹[9-10],有关其他水系河蟹成体的可食率和营养组成研究较少,迄今尚未见闽江水系绒螯蟹可食率和营养组成的报道。

近年来的调研表明,闽江水系存在较大的野生绒螯蟹群体,部分个体较大,具有一定的经济价值和研究价值。闽江水系绒螯蟹属的分类尽管存在较大争议[11-13],但是该群体具有一定的经济价值,且已在闽江流域进行人工养殖[5]。闽江水系绒螯蟹作为一种重要的种质资源,尚未见其繁殖性能、养殖性能和营养品质的研究报道,这非常不利于其开发利用和遗传选育。肌肉、性腺和肝胰腺是河蟹主要的可食用部位,所以出肉率、性腺指数、肝胰腺指数和总可食率是评价蟹类食用价值的重要指标[14-15]。经济蟹类可食部位的营养组成是影响其营养品质和经济价值的重要因素,营养组成主要包括常规生化成分、脂肪酸和氨基酸等[7-8, 14],且不同水系甲壳动物群体营养组成和含量可能有所不同,这可能与遗传和生长环境有关[7-8, 15-17],所以研究闽江水系野生河蟹的可食率及营养品质,对于该水系野生河蟹种质资源评价和开发利用具有一定的现实意义。鉴于此,笔者测定了闽江水系野生绒螯蟹的性腺指数、肝胰腺指数、出肉率、总可食率及可食部位中的常规生化组成、脂肪酸和氨基酸组成,并比较了雌雄间的性别差异,旨在为闽江水系野生绒螯蟹种质资源评估和开发利用等提供基础资料。

1 材料与方法 1.1 实验样本

实验所用的闽江流域野生河蟹于2016年11月6日由福建省福州市连江县当地渔民在敖江流域捕捞所得,随机挑选雌雄河蟹各15只,活体运输至上海海洋大学甲壳动物营养繁殖实验室。用干毛巾擦干河蟹体表水分后,用电子天平称量其体质量(精确度=0.01 g)。活体解剖所有个体,取出全部肝胰腺和性腺并准确称量,用于计算肝胰腺指数(hepatosomatic index, HSI)和性腺指数(gonadosomatic index, GSI)。河蟹躯体经冷冻处理后,精刮出一半肌肉,准确称量后,用于计算出肉率(meat yield, MY)和总可食率(total edible yield, TEY)。肝胰腺、性腺和肌肉样品于-40 ℃保存用于后续营养成分测定。HSI、GSI、MY和TEY采用以下公式进行计算。

    (1)
    (2)
    (3)
    (4)

式中:HSI为肝胰腺指数;GSI为性腺指数;MY为出肉率,%;TEX为总可食率;WH表示肝胰腺质量,g;WG表示性腺质量,g;WM表示肌肉质量,g;W0表示体质量,g。

1.2 常规营养成分测定

河蟹样品中水分含量采用冷冻干燥法进行测定[18],蛋白质含量采用凯氏定氮法进行测定[19];参考FOLCH等[20]的方法,采用V(氯仿): V(甲醇)=2: 1提取样品中脂肪并测定其含量;采用TCA提取样品中的碳水化合物[21],采用苯酚-硫酸法测定样品中的碳水化合物的含量[22]

1.3 脂肪酸组成分析

根据MORRISON等[23]的方法,采用14%三氟化硼-甲醇溶液(体积分数)对脂肪样品进行甲脂化处理,采用Agilent 7890B-5977A气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行脂肪酸分析。色谱柱为Omegawax 320毛细管柱(30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm; Supelco, Billefonte, PA, USA),进样口温度为240 ℃,辅助加热器温度为245 ℃。升温程序:由40 ℃以10 ℃/min速率升至170 ℃,再以2 ℃/min速率升至220 ℃,保持1 min,最后以2 ℃/min速率升至230 ℃,直到所有脂肪酸全部出峰。采用峰面积归一化法对脂肪酸进行定量。

1.4 氨基酸含量测定

采用盐酸水解法[24]测定每个样品中的异亮氨酸(Ile)、亮氨酸(Leu)、赖氨酸(Lys)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、苏氨酸(Thr)、缬氨酸(Val)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、丝氨酸(Ser)、谷氨酸(Glu)、甘氨酸(Gly)、丙氨酸(Ala)、组氨酸(His)、精氨酸(Arg)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量;采用碱水解法[25]测定每个样品中的色氨酸(Trp)含量;采用过甲酸氧化水解法[26]测定每个样品中的甲硫氨酸(Met)和半胱氨酸(Cys)含量。按照FAO/WHO/UNU[27]的方法对必需氨基酸进行评分,必需氨基酸分值(essential amino acid score, EAAS)为样品中必需氨基酸含量与FAO参考蛋白中必需氨基酸含量比值乘以100,其中FAO参考蛋白中必需氨基酸含量主要依据学龄前(2~5岁)儿童的必需氨基酸需求量确定。

1.5 数据处理

采用SPSS 19.0软件数据进行统计分析,数据以平均值±标准差(Mean ± SD)表示。采用Levene法进行方差齐性检验,当数据不满足齐性方差时对百分比数据进行反正弦或者平方根处理,用独立样本t检验进行显著性分析,P < 0.05为差异显著,P < 0.01为差异极显著。

2 结果与分析 2.1 组织系数和总可食率

表 1可知:雄蟹体质量和MY均极显著大于雌蟹(P < 0.01),雌蟹的GSI极显著高于雄蟹(P < 0.01);雌雄河蟹个体间的HSI和TEY均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。

表 1 闽江水系野生河蟹雌体和雄体组织系数和可食率比较 Tab.1 Comparison of tissue indices and total edible yield between female and male Eriocheir sensu stricto from Minjiang River
2.2 可食部位的常规生化成分

表 2可知:雄蟹性腺水分含量极显著高于雌蟹,雌蟹的脂肪、蛋白质含量和碳水化合物含量高于雄蟹(P < 0.01);雌蟹肝胰腺水分含量显著低于雄蟹(P < 0.05);雌蟹肝胰腺脂肪含量显著高于雄蟹(P < 0.05),雌雄蟹肝胰腺中的蛋白质含量和碳水化合物含量无显著差异(P>0.05);雌蟹和雄蟹肌肉中水分、脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。

表 2 闽江河蟹雌体和雄体可食部位常规生化成分比较(%湿重) Tab.2 Comparison of proximate compositions in edible parts between female and male Eriocheir sensu stricto from Minjiang River (% wet weight, n=5)
2.3 可食部位的脂肪酸组成

雌蟹和雄蟹肝胰腺中的主要饱和脂肪酸(SFA)为C14: 0、C16: 0和C18: 0,且两者肝胰腺中SFA和总饱和脂肪酸(∑SFA)含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05);在单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)中,主要的MUFA为C16: 1n7、C18: 1n7和C18: 1n9,雌蟹和雄蟹肝胰腺MUFA中除C14: 1n5和C22: 1n9含量存在显著差异外(P < 0.01),其余的MUFA和∑MUFA含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05);就多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)而言,肝胰腺中主要的PUFA为C18: 2n6、C20: 2n6和C20: 4n6,雌蟹和雄蟹肝胰腺中PUFA、∑PUFA、∑HUFA、∑n-3PUFA、∑n-6PUFA和n-3/n-6PUFA含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。见表 3

表 3 闽江河蟹雌体和雄体肝胰腺中脂肪酸含量的比较(%总脂肪酸) Tab.3 Comparison of fatty acid contents in hepatopancreas between female and male Eriocheir sensu stricto from Minjiang River (% total fatty acid, n=5)

雌蟹性腺中的C14: 0、C15: 0和C16: 0含量均显著高于雄蟹,但雄蟹C18: 0、C20: 0和C22: 0含量均显著高于雌蟹(P < 0.01),雌蟹和雄蟹性腺中的∑SFA含量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。雌蟹性腺中的C15: 1n5、C16: 1n7、C17: 1n7、C18: 1n7、C18: 1n9和∑MUFA含量均极显著高于雄蟹(P < 0.01),C20: 1n9显著高于雄蟹(P < 0.05),C22: 1n9低于雄蟹且差异极显著(P < 0.01);在性腺PUFA中,雌体C18: 2n6、C18: 3n3显著高于雄体(P < 0.05),雄体C20: 2n6、C20: 4n6、C20: 5n3、C22: 6n3、∑PUFA、∑HUFA和∑n-6PUFA极显著高于雌体(P < 0.01),雄体和雌体C22: 5n3、∑n-3PUFA和n-3/n-6PUFA含量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。见表 4

表 4 闽江河蟹雌体和雄体性腺中脂肪酸含量的比较(%总脂肪酸) Tab.4 Comparison of fatty acid contents in gonad between female and male Eriocheir sensu stricto from Minjiang River (% total fatty acid, n=5)

闽江河蟹雌体和雄体肌肉中各SFA和∑SFA均无显著差异(P>0.05)。雌蟹肌肉中C16: 1n7、C17: 1n7、C18: 1n7和∑MUFA显著高于雄蟹(P < 0.05),雌蟹和雄蟹肌肉中C18: 1n9和C20: 1n9无显著差异(P>0.05);肌肉PUFA中,雌蟹的C18: 3n3含量显著高于雄蟹,雄蟹的C20: 4n6、∑PUFA、∑HUFA和∑n-6PUFA含量显著高于雌体(P < 0.05),其他PUFA无显著差异(P>0.05)。见表 5

表 5 闽江河蟹雌体和雄体肌肉中脂肪酸含量的比较(%总脂肪酸) Tab.5 Comparison of fatty acids contents in muscle between female and male Eriocheir sensu stricto from Minjiang River (% total fatty acids, n=5)
2.4 可食组织中的氨基酸组成和必需氨基酸评分

就必需氨基酸(essential amino acid, EAA)而言,雌蟹和雄蟹性腺中的半胱氨酸含量无显著性差异(P>0.05),但其余EAA和总必需氨基酸(∑EAA)含量均以雌蟹较高(P < 0.05)。就非必需氨基酸(non-essential amino acid, NEAA)而言,雌蟹性腺中的天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸和精氨酸含量极显著高于雄蟹,雄蟹脯氨酸含量极显著高于雌蟹(P < 0.01),两者性腺中的组氨酸含量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。雌蟹性腺中的TAA含量及∑EAA/TAA比例极显著高于雄蟹(P < 0.01)。见表 6

表 6 闽江河蟹雌体和雄体性腺中氨基酸含量的比较(mg/g湿重) Tab.6 Comparison of amino acid contents in gonad between female and male Eriocheir sensu stricto from Minjiang River (mg/g wet weight, n=5)

雌蟹与雄蟹肌肉中半胱氨酸和色氨酸含量均较低,雄蟹肌肉中半胱氨酸含量显著高于雌蟹(P < 0.05),其他氨基酸含量和∑EAA含量较雌蟹无显著差异(P>0.05)。就NEAA而言,雌蟹与雄蟹肌肉中各氨基酸含量无显著性差异(P>0.05),雌蟹∑NEAA、TAA含量和∑EAA/TAA比值均略高于雄蟹,但均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。见表 7

表 7 闽江河蟹雌体和雄体肌肉中氨基酸含量的比较(mg/g湿重) Tab.7 Comparison of amino acid contents in muscle between female and male Eriocheir sensu stricto from Minjiang River (mg/g wet weight, n=5)

表 8可知:雌蟹肌肉中大部分EAAS高于雄蟹且雌蟹EAAS的平均值高于雄蟹;就性腺而言,雌体除了苏氨酸和蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸的EAAS低于雄体外,其他氨基酸的EAAS均高于雄体,而且雌体色氨酸是其限制性氨基酸,雄体亮氨酸、赖氨酸和色氨酸是其限制性氨基酸。

表 8 闽江河蟹雌体和雄体性腺和肌肉的必需氨基酸评分的比较 Tab.8 Comparison of essential amino acid score of gonad and muscle between female and male Eriocheir sensu stricto from Minjiang River
3 讨论 3.1 闽江野生河蟹的组织系数和总可食率

性腺是河蟹的重要可食组织,性腺发育状况直接影响蟹类的食用价值,性腺指数(GSI)通常是评价性腺发育情况的重要指标之一[28]。本研究发现闽江水系河蟹雌体的GSI显著高于雄体,这与滕炜鸣等[29]和吴旭干等[15]的研究结果一致,其原因可能是雌体需要在卵巢中积累大量的营养物质(如蛋白、脂肪和碳水化合物等)以确保产卵后的胚胎发育[30-31]。闽江水系河蟹雄体的体质量及出肉率显著高于雌体,与莱茵河蟹群体和长江河蟹群体的研究结果[29]相一致,说明肌肉是雄蟹可食部位的主要贡献者,雌雄河蟹的生物学特性存在差异,雄体的大螯明显大于雌体,这可能是其体质量高于雌体及出肉率较高的一个重要原因。此外,雄蟹的性腺指数小于雌蟹,可能导致雄蟹的肌肉所占体质量的百分比间接提高。

马明君[32]研究了长江水系野生河蟹10月底雌雄体性腺指数、出肉率和总可食率,与本研究中11月份闽江野生河蟹雌雄体性腺指数、出肉率和总可食率相接近,分析其原因为两地理种群的野生河蟹发育程度相似,所以种群间组织系数差异较小;此外,可能这两个种群遗传距离较近,所以差异较小,这有待进一步研究证明。所以,闽江水系河蟹具有经济价值,河蟹的可食部位比例具有性别差异。

3.2 闽江河蟹雌体和雄体可食部位常规生化组成的比较

研究表明,闽江水系河蟹雌体性腺中的脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物含量均显著高于雄体,主要是由于河蟹雌雄个体生殖系统组成及其营养成分存在明显的性别差异[14, 28, 33],雌蟹和雄蟹在繁殖过程中发挥着不同的作用,雌蟹性腺会积累大量的营养物质[30, 34],为后续胚胎发育提供足够的营养物质。肝胰腺是蟹类营养物质(尤其是脂类)储备的主要组织[35-36],甲壳动物肝胰腺可为机体正常代谢和卵巢的发育提供能量来源[37]。研究发现,闽江水系河蟹雌体肝胰腺中的总脂含量显著高于雄体,可能雌蟹在产卵、抱卵孵化过程中需要消耗大量的以甘油三酯为主的脂类来提供足够的能量以保证产卵和孵化的顺利完成[38]。研究表明,虾蟹类的生化组成可能与其遗传和生长环境等因素有关[7-8, 15-17]。闽江水系河蟹雌雄个体肌肉中的水分、总脂、粗蛋白和总碳水化合物均无显著性差异,说明闽江水系河蟹肌肉的常规生化成分较为保守。综上,闽江水系河蟹雌体的性腺较雄体具有更高的食用和营养价值。

3.3 闽江河蟹雌体和雄体可食部位脂肪酸和氨基酸组成的比较

蟹类可食组织中的脂肪酸组成和含量是评价其营养价值的重要指标[14, 35]。WU等[39]研究表明,河蟹肝胰腺的脂肪酸组成更容易受到饵料脂肪酸组成的影响。闽江水系河蟹雌体与雄体肝胰腺中的脂肪酸组成和含量较为接近,无显著性差异,这可能是由于闽江河蟹雌雄个体均来自同一水系,其食物组成相似,因此两者肝胰腺中的脂肪酸组成及含量较为接近。雌体性腺总饱和脂肪酸(∑SFA)和总单不饱和脂肪酸(∑MUFA)显著高于雄体,总多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)和总高度不饱和脂肪酸(∑HUFA)显著低于雄体,这可能与雌雄个体性腺发育过程中主要积累的脂肪酸不同有关。甲壳动物卵巢发育过程中主要积累能量型脂肪酸,以满足繁殖过程中胚胎发育的需求[40-41],而雄体性腺主要积累ARA、EPA和DHA等脂肪酸,以维持其正常的生理功能[14, 36]。就肌肉而言,闽江水系河蟹雌体肌肉的∑MUFA显著高于雄体,雄体肌肉的∑PUFA、∑HUFA和∑n-6PUFA含量显著高于雌蟹,因为蟹类肌肉的高度不饱和脂肪酸组成相对保守以维持肌肉的正常生理功能[35-36, 42],所以闽江河蟹雌体与雄体肌肉脂肪酸的差异可能与其生物学特性有关。食品中评价脂肪酸营养价值的重要指标有n-3/n-6和HUFA组成及含量等,食品中足量、平衡的MUFA和n-3HUFA对人体健康非常重要[35, 43-44]。闽江河蟹肌肉、肝胰腺和性腺中n-3/n-6均大于0.3,∑MUFA含量均高于∑SFA,所以闽江河蟹可食部位有较高的脂肪酸营养价值。肌肉和性腺中PUFA、HUFA和n-3/n-6均高于肝胰腺,SFA低于肝胰腺,说明闽江水系河蟹肌肉和性腺的脂肪酸营养价值高于肝胰腺。

蟹类可食组织中的氨基酸组成和含量是评价其营养价值的重要指标[8, 14]。闽江水系河蟹雌体性腺中的大部分氨基酸及总氨基酸含量均显著高于雄体,雄体性腺中脯氨酸含量显著高于雌体,这与蓝蟹(Portunus pelagicus)的研究结果[35]相一致。雌体性腺中较高氨基酸含量可能与雌体性腺发育中较高的粗蛋白等营养物质有关,这有利于后续胚胎的发育[30, 34],雄体性腺中较高的脯氨酸含量可能是为了保障其正常的生殖生理功能[45]。闽江水系河蟹雌雄个体肌肉中的氨基酸组成和含量无明显差异,说明闽江水系河蟹肌肉中氨基酸组成和含量相对保守,不存在性别差异。必需氨基酸/总氨基酸(EAA/TAA)和必需氨基酸评分(EAAS)是评价氨基酸营养价值的重要指标,EAA/TAA理想比值应为0.4左右,EAAS越高说明该氨基酸的营养价值越高,某种必需氨基酸的EAAS小于100说明该氨基酸是限制性氨基酸[24]。闽江水系河蟹雌雄体性腺和肌肉的EAA/TAA值均在0.4左右,雌体性腺EAA/TAA值显著高于雄体,表明闽江水系河蟹性腺和肌肉具有较高的必需氨基酸营养价值,雌体性腺必需氨基酸营养价值高于雄体;EAAS结果表明雌体性腺和肌肉的平均EAAS均高于雄体,雄体性腺的限制性氨基酸多于雌体,雌体的必需氨基酸营养价值高于雄体。

闽江水系野生河蟹的总可食率在40%左右,雄蟹的出肉率高于雌蟹,性腺指数低于雌蟹;雌蟹性腺中的粗蛋白、总脂和碳水化合物含量高于雄蟹;雄蟹性腺和肌肉中的多不饱和脂肪酸和高度不饱和脂酸含量高于雌蟹,雌雄河蟹的必需氨基酸组成合理,色氨酸为雌雄河蟹性腺的限制性氨基酸。整体上,闽江成蟹具有较高的营养价值和食用价值。

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Analysis of nutritional quality of wild adult mitten crab population, Eriocheir sensu stricto, from Minjiang River
ZU Lu1, LONG Xiaowen1, XU Jianfeng2, CHENG Yongxu1,3,4, WU Xugan1,3,4     
1. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
2. Lianjiang Fisheries Extension Station of Fujian Province, Lianjiang 350500, Fujian, China;
3. Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
4. National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), meat yield (MY), total edible yield (TEY), proximate composition, fatty acid profile and amino acid composition in edible parts of wild adult mitten crab (Eriocheir sensu stricto) from Minjiang River using vicisection and biochemical analysis, and their gender differences were compared between females and males of adult mitten crab. The results were shown as follows:(1) The mean body mass and mean MY of the adult males were significantly higher than those of females; The mean GSI of female adult crabs was significantly higher than that of males (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in HSI and TEY between females and males. (2) Adult males had the significantly higher moisture content, and the lower contents of lipid, protein and carbohydrate in the gonads than the female crabs(P < 0.05). The moisture content in the male hepatopancreas was significantly higher than that in the female (P < 0.05), while the females had the higher lipid content in the hepatopancreas than the males(P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of moisture, lipid, protein and carbohydrate in muscle between female and male (P>0.05). (3) No major differences were found for the hepatopancreatic fatty acid profile between female and male. The female crabs had higher total monounsaturated fatty acid (ΣMUFA) content in the gonads compared to males, while the contents of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFA), total highly unsaturated fatty acids (ΣHUFA) and Σn-6PUFA in male gonads were significantly higher than female crabs (P < 0.05). The females had the significant higher percentage of muscular ΣMUFA than the males, while the male crabs had higher contents of ΣPUFA, ΣHUFA and Σn-6PUFA in the muscle (P < 0.05). (4) The contents of most of amino acids and total amino acid (TAA) in female gonads were significantly higher than those of males (P < 0.05), while the higher proline content was detected in the gonads of male (P < 0.01). The cysteine content in males muscle was significantly higher than that of females (P < 0.05), while no significant differences were found for the other amino acids between males and females (P>0.05). The essential amino acid scores (EAAS) of most essential amino acids in female gonads and muscle were higher than those of male, while the threonine, methionine + cysteine in gonads and the tryptophan, methionine + cysteine in muscle of males were higher than those of females. In conclusion, no significant difference in TEY was found between adult female and male mitten crab from Minjiang River, but the proportion of edible parts has gender differences. Both female and male crabs have high nutritional value of amino acid and fatty acid. The fatty acid profile in the gonads and muscle of males are better than female, but the female has better amino acid composition in the gonads and muscle.
Key words: Eriocheir sensu stricto     Mingjiang River     wild population     edible yield     gender difference     nutritional quality