林业科学  2016, Vol. 52 Issue (9): 103-106   PDF    
DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160912
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文章信息

武星煜, 辛恒, 刘海秀, 杨启青, 魏美才
Wu Xingyu, Xin Heng, Liu Haixiu, Yang Qiqing, Wei Meicai
危害青海云杉的阿扁蜂属(膜翅目:扁蜂科)一新种
A New Species of Acantholyda Costa (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) Damaging Picea crassifolia from China
林业科学, 2016, 52(9): 103-106
Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(9): 103-106.
DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160912

文章历史

收稿日期:2016-01-20
修回日期:2016-04-07

作者相关文章

武星煜
辛恒
刘海秀
杨启青
魏美才

危害青海云杉的阿扁蜂属(膜翅目:扁蜂科)一新种
武星煜1, 辛恒1, 刘海秀2, 杨启青3, 魏美才4    
1. 甘肃天水市秦州区林业有害生物防治检疫站 天水 741000;
2. 青海海东市乐都区林业局 海东 810700;
3. 青海省森林病虫害防治检疫总站 西宁 810007;
4. 中南林业科技大学经济林培育和保护省部共建教育部重点实验室 长沙 410004
摘要: 记述采自中国青海、危害青海云杉的扁蜂科阿扁蜂属一新种:青海阿扁蜂Acantholyda qinghaiica Wei & Wu,sp. nov.。本种与危害沙地云杉的白音阿扁蜂A. peiyingaopaoa Xiao,1963近似,但雌虫唇基大部、雄虫唇基全部黑色;单眼后区宽等于长,无中纵沟,具细低中纵脊;OOL:POL=2;触角第3节等长于第3,4节之和;抱器宽长比显著大于2;阳茎瓣无腹端角,腹尾角突出。新种正模标本和108个副模标本保存于中南林业科技大学,6个副模标本保存于甘肃天水市秦州区林业有害生物防治检疫站。
关键词: 膜翅目     扁蜂科     阿扁蜂属     新种     青海云杉    
A New Species of Acantholyda Costa (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) Damaging Picea crassifolia from China
Wu Xingyu1, Xin Heng1, Liu Haixiu2, Yang Qiqing3, Wei Meicai4    
1. Forest Diseases and Pest Control & Quarantine Station of Qinzhou District Tianshui 741000 ;
2. Ledu Forestry Bureau of Haidong, Qinghai Haidong 810700 ;
3. Forest Diseases and Pest Control & Quarantine General Station of Qinghai Province Xining 810007 ;
4. Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees(Central South University of Forestry and Technology), Ministry of Education Changsha 410004
Abstract: Acantholyda qinghaiica Wei & Wu, sp. nov., is a new species of Pamphiliidae damaging Picea crassifolia. The pest was collected from Qinghai Province, China. The new species is similar to Acantholyda peiyingaopaoa Xiao, 1963 damaging P. crassifolia Kom. in China, but differs from it in: The clypeus largely black in female and entirely black in male; the postocellar area as long as broad, without middle furrow and with fine middle carina; OOL:POL=2; the third antennomere as long as the combination of antennomeres 4 and 5 together; the width to length ratio of harpe is more than 2; penis valve round at ventral apical corner, the ventral caudal corner angulated. The holotype and 108 paratypes of the new species are deposited in the Insect Collection of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China (CSCS). Six paratypes are kept in the Insect Collection of Forest Diseases and Pest Control & Quarantine Station of Qinzhou District, Gansu, China.
Key words: Hymenoptera     Pamphiliidae     Acantholyda     new species     Picea crassifolia    

扁蜂科(Pamphiliidae)是膜翅目低等广腰类群的一个小科,全世界已记载9个现生属,约310余种(Taeger et al.,2010),中国已知7属约76种(萧刚柔,1984Xiao,2002Wei et al.,2010武星煜等,2014)。Maa(1949)Xiao(2002)等曾系统整理了中国扁蜂科种类。

阿扁蜂属(Acantholyda Costa,1894)已知76种,中国已知18种(武星煜等,2014Wei et al.,2008)。

本文记述扁蜂科的阿扁蜂属一新种。该种在青海局部林区对青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)危害严重。

青海阿扁蜂Acantholyda qinghaiica Wei & Wu,sp. nov.(图 12)

雌虫:体长10.0~11.5 mm(图 1a)。头部橙黄色,唇基除前缘外、唇基上区、额区、额侧区和单眼后区前缘具相连的大黑斑(图 1c,d),口器大部、触角和足全部黑色;胸部和腹部黑色,前胸侧板腹面靠外侧各具1小黄斑。前翅浅烟褐色,翅痣黑褐色,翅脉大部褐色,翅痣基部下侧具1模糊的狭窄弱烟褐色横带(图 1a);后翅微弱烟灰色。头部细毛大部暗褐色,胸腹部细毛黑褐色,各足胫节刺毛褐色。

图 1 青海阿扁蜂,新种Acantholyda qinghaiica Wei & Wu,sp. nov. Fig.1 Acantholyda qinhaiica Wei & Wu,sp. nov.,a new species a. 雌成虫背面观 Female adult,dorsal view; b. 雄成虫背面观 Male adult,dorsal view; c. 雌虫头部,前面观 Female head,front view;d. 雌虫头部,背面观 Female head,dorsal view; e. 触角基部6节 Basal 6 antennomeres; f. 左上颚 Left mandible; g. 右上颚Right mandible;h. 雄虫头部,前面观 Male head,front view; i. 雄虫头部,背面观 Male head,dorsal view; j. 雌虫腹部末端,腹面观 Apex of female abdomen,ventral view; k. 雄虫外生殖器,背面观 Male genitalia,dorsal view; l. 雄虫外生殖器,腹面观 Male genitalia,ventral view; m. 阳茎瓣 Penis valve. 图 1a,b比例尺 Fig. 1a,b scale bar: 2 mm.

唇基刻点粗大,刻点间隙大部光滑,光泽显著;唇基上区、额区、额侧区刻点模糊,具不规则粗密皱脊纹,表面暗淡无光泽;眼侧区腹缘1/3左右光裸无毛、无刻点,上部2/3左右具粗刻点和稀疏刺毛(图 1c,d);上眶和单眼后区大部具粗疏浅弱刻点,刻点间隙具弱刻纹,光泽较弱(图 1d);后眶大部刻纹细密,光泽微弱。中胸背板前叶光滑,刻纹不明显,无刻点;侧叶局部具明显刻点和微细刻纹,大部光滑;小盾片具细刻纹,附片几乎光滑;后胸背板具细刻纹;中胸前侧片大部和后胸前侧片大部具不规则皱刻纹,刻点模糊,局部具光泽;中后胸后侧片刻纹细密,无光泽;腹部背板刻纹细密,光泽微弱,仅背板侧缘和后缘狭边具光泽;腹板刻纹明显,光泽弱;各足基节和股节光泽显著。

左上颚外齿中部具明显肩状齿(图 1f),右上颚双齿(图 1g);唇基前缘钝截型,中部稍下凹;颚眼距2倍于单眼直径;眼侧区两侧和背缘圆钝,无脊;复眼小型,长短径之比为1.27,复眼下缘间距2.5倍于复眼长径(图 1c);单眼中沟宽短,单眼后沟细浅;单眼后区明显隆起,长等于前部宽,具细弱中纵脊,无中纵沟;侧沟明显,向后显著收敛;单复眼距:后单眼距:单眼后头距(OOL:POL:OCL)=4:2:5(图 1d);后颊脊显著;触角29~31节,第3节约等长于第1节长,等长于第4,5节之和(图 1e)。后胸两淡膜区间距短于淡膜区宽。前足胫节近端部1/3处具1亚端距,胫节端半部内侧具1列中端部强烈扁平的刺毛;中后足各具2组共3个亚端距;各足基跗节稍短于其后2个跗分节之和,爪内齿短小,亚中位。后翅臀室端部钝截型,臀室柄长约为cu-a脉长的0.6倍(图 1a)。第7腹板具1对向后强烈分歧的显著斜脊。锯腹片9环,端部节缝显著。

雄虫:体长9~11 mm(图 1b),体色和构造类似雌虫,但头部背侧大部黑色(图 1h,i);上眶和单眼后区刻点间隙刻纹密集,光泽较弱(图 1i);眼侧区下部2/5光滑(图 1h);后翅臀室柄长约为cu-a脉的0.8倍(图 1b);下生殖板光滑,无刻纹,长约等于宽,端部圆钝,无瘤突;抱器长宽比明显大于2,端部圆钝,内侧无明显的弯角(图 1k,l);阳茎瓣如图 1m

变异:两性头部背侧黑斑范围稍有变化,少数雄虫头部黑斑仅稍大于雌虫,单眼后区部分黄褐色;两性体长和触角节数稍有变化。

正模:♀,青海乐都,2 820 m,2010-Ⅵ-23,孙丽萍(保存于中南林业科技大学);副模:49♀♀57 ♂♂,采集信息同正模(保存于中南林业科技大学);6♀♀2♂,青海省海东市乐都区下北山林场,海拔 2 865 m,36°35′47″N,102°37′48″E,2011-Ⅵ-11,禄文林采(其中1♀1♂保存于中南林业科技大学,5♀1♂保存于甘肃天水市秦州区林业有害生物防治检疫站)。

词源:本种以模式标本产地命名。

鉴别特征:本种与危害沙地云杉[Picea mongolica(H. Q. Wu)W. O. Xu]的白音阿扁蜂(原白音阿扁叶蜂) A. peiyingaopaoa Xiao,1963比较近似,但新种雌虫唇基大部、雄虫唇基全部黑色;单眼后区宽等于长,无中纵沟,具细低中纵脊;OOL:POL=2;触角第3节等长于第3,4节之和;抱器宽长比显著大于2;阳茎瓣无腹端角,腹尾角突出。后者唇基全部黄褐色;单眼后区长大于宽,具中纵沟,无中纵脊;OOL:POL=1.6;触角第3节明显短于4,5节之和;抱器宽长比不大于2;阳茎瓣具腹端角,腹尾角不突出。

分布:青海(乐都)。

寄主:青海云杉(图 2a)。

图 2 青海阿扁蜂,新种A. qinghaiica Wei & Wu,sp. nov. 的寄主植物、生境和虫巢 Fig.2 Host plant,habitat and nest for A. qinhaiica Wei & Wu,sp.nov. a. 寄主植物青海云杉 Host plant Picea crassifolia;b. 生境 Habitat; c. 幼虫虫巢 Larvae and nest.

生物学:在青海乐都,本种2年发生1代,以老熟幼虫于表土中越冬和越夏,第3年6月成虫羽化,成虫产卵于青海云杉针叶上,幼虫聚集危害,虫巢小型(图 2c)。本种详细生物生态学特性将另文报道。

参考文献(References)
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