第二军医大学学报  2017, Vol. 38 Issue (11): 1458-1461   PDF    
胃癌组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3蛋白表达及其临床意义
修丽娟1, 刘龙2, 刘煊1, 余嘉惠1, 宋尚晋1, 岳小强1     
1. 第二军医大学长征医院中医科, 上海 200003;
2. 第二军医大学长海医院中医科, 上海 200433
摘要: 目的 探讨胃癌原发灶、癌旁及胃周淋巴结组织中血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)、血管内皮生长因子D(VEGF-D)、血管内皮生长因子受体3(VEGFR-3)蛋白表达与各临床参数的关系。方法 通过免疫组化方法对60例胃癌患者的癌、癌旁及胃周淋巴结组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3蛋白水平进行检测,并分析各临床参数包括肿瘤分化程度、Lauren分型、肿瘤浸润深度、是否有淋巴结转移、幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染与否等对胃癌组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3蛋白表达水平的影响。结果 胃癌组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D蛋白表达水平高于癌旁组织(2.82±1.66 vs 2.13±1.75,4.81±2.30 vs 3.78±1.94,n=60,P均 < 0.05)。VEGFR-3蛋白表达水平在胃癌组织和癌旁组织中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。胃癌转移的淋巴结组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3的蛋白表达水平(3.77±2.43、2.86±1.95、2.55±2.11,n=44)均高于未转移淋巴结组织(2.25±2.01、1.98±1.73、0.76±1.13,n=59,P均 < 0.05)。关于各临床参数的分析结果显示VEGF-C、VEGF-D的蛋白表达水平在伴有淋巴结转移的胃癌组织中高于未出现淋巴结转移的胃癌组织(P < 0.05),H.pylori感染阳性的胃癌组织中VEGFR-3的蛋白表达水平高于H.pylori阴性的胃癌组织(P < 0.05)。结论 VEGF-C、VEGF-D蛋白表达水平在胃癌原发灶及转移淋巴结中上调,且与胃癌的淋巴转移有关。
关键词: 胃肿瘤     淋巴转移     血管内皮生长因子C     血管内皮生长因子D     血管内皮生长因子受体3    
Expressions of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 proteins in gastric cancer tissues and its clinical significance
XIU Li-juan1, LIU Long2, LIU Xuan1, YU Jia-hui1, SONG Shang-jin1, YUE Xiao-qiang1     
1. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China;
2. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81603434), Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (15401900600), and Project of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (ZY3-CCCX-3-3056).
Abstract: Objective To investigate the protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) in primary gastric tumor, adjacent non-tumor and perigastric lymph node tissues and their relationships with clinic-pathological features. Methods The protein levels of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 in tumor, adjacent non-tumor and perigastric lymph node tissues of 60 patients with gastric cancer were detected by immunohistochemical method. The effects of clinic-pathological features included tumor differentiation, Lauren classification, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection on VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 protein levels in gastric cancer tissues were also analyzed. Results The expressions of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in gastric cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent non-tumor tissues (2.82±1.66 vs 2.13±1.75, 4.81±2.30 vs 3.78±1.94; n=60; both P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in VEGFR-3 protein expression between gastric cancer and adjacent non-tumor tissues (P>0.05). The expression levels of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 proteins in lymph nodes with gastric cancer metastasis (3.77±2.43, 2.86±1.95, 2.55±2.11; n=44) were significantly higher than those without gastric cancer metastasis (2.25±2.01, 1.98±1.73, 0.76±1.13; n=59; all P < 0.05). Statistical analysis results showed that the expression levels of VEGF-C and VEGF-D proteins in gastric cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those without lymphatic metastasis (both P < 0.05), and the VEGFR-3 expression in H.pylori-positive gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in H.pylori-negative tissues (P < 0.05). Conclusion VEGF-C and VEGF-D protein expressions are upregulated in primary gastric cancer tissues and related metastatic lymph node, which are correlated with lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer.
Key words: stomach neoplasms     lymphatic metastasis     vascular endothelial growth factor C     vascular endothelial growth factor D     vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3    

胃癌是我国高发的恶性肿瘤之一,死亡率高居全球恶性肿瘤的第2位[1]。淋巴转移是影响胃癌不良预后的重要因素之一[2],研究表明20%的黏膜下癌存在淋巴转移[3],但关于淋巴转移的具体机制尚不清楚。本研究通过检测胃癌、癌旁及胃周淋巴结组织中与淋巴管生成相关的血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)-C、VEGF-D及血管内皮生长因子受体3(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3,VEGFR-3)的蛋白表达水平,并分析其临床意义,为进一步研究胃癌的淋巴转移机制奠定基础。

1 资料和方法 1.1 一般资料

标本来自2016年1月至2016年6月于第二军医大学长征医院行手术治疗的胃癌患者,患者术前均未接受放射治疗、化学治疗、靶向治疗等抗肿瘤治疗。收集同一患者的胃癌原发灶、癌旁组织(距离原发灶边缘≥5 cm,切缘阴性)、淋巴结组织。共收集60例,其中男性44例,女性16例,平均年龄(62.21±11.89)岁。

1.2 免疫组化染色

标本采用甲醛固定后用石蜡包埋。石蜡标本切片后进行免疫组化SP法染色。抗VEGF-C、抗VEGF-D、抗VEGFR-3抗体订购自英国Abcam公司。根据Reset细胞和染色强度综合评分法[4]将细胞着色评分与着色细胞数评分相乘,所得综合评分分为4个等级:阴性为0~1分,弱阳性为2~3分,阳性为4~6分,强阳性为>6分。

1.3 胃癌组织幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)检测

采用硼酸亚甲蓝染色方法[5]检测H.pylori

1.4 统计学处理

采用SPSS 17.0软件进行数据分析。数据以x±s表示,计量资料的比较采用t检验或方差分析。检验水准(α)为0.05。

2 结果 2.1 胃癌和癌旁组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D和VEGFR-3蛋白表达水平

图 1所示,胃癌组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D蛋白表达水平高于癌旁组织(2.82±1.66 vs 2.13±1.75,4.81±2.30 vs 3.78±1.94;P均 < 0.05)。VEGFR-3蛋白表达水平在胃癌组织和癌旁组织中差异无统计学意义(3.54±3.39 vs 3.38±2.19,P > 0.05)。

图 1 胃癌(A、B)及癌旁组织(C、D)中VEGF-C(A、C)与VEGF-D(B、D)的蛋白表达 VEGF:血管内皮生长因子.免疫组化SP法染色.Original magnification: ×200

2.2 胃癌转移淋巴结与未转移淋巴结中VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3蛋白表达水平

胃癌转移的淋巴结组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3的蛋白表达水平分别为3.77±2.43、2.86±1.95、2.55±2.11(n=44),均高于未转移淋巴结中的蛋白表达水平(2.25±2.01、1.98±1.73、0.76±1.13,n=59,P均 < 0.05)。见图 2

图 2 转移淋巴结(A~C)与未转移淋巴结组织(D~F)中VEGF-C(A、D)、VEGF-D(B、E)、VEGFR-3(C、F)的蛋白表达 VEGF:血管内皮生长因子;VEGFR:血管内皮生长因子受体.免疫组化SP法染色.Original magnification: ×200

2.3 各临床参数与胃癌组织VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3蛋白表达水平的关系

表 1所示,不同性别、年龄、肿瘤分化程度、Lauren分型以及肿瘤的浸润深度对VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3表达水平均无明显影响,组间差异均无统计学意义(P均> 0.05)。但在淋巴结转移参数方面,伴有淋巴结转移的胃癌组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D的蛋白表达水平高于无淋巴结转移的胃癌组织(P均 < 0.05);在H.pylori阳性的胃癌组织中VEGFR-3的蛋白表达水平高于H.pylori阴性的胃癌组织(P < 0.05)。

表 1 各临床参数与VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3蛋白表达的关系

3 讨论

淋巴转移是包括胃癌在内的多种恶性肿瘤转移的重要途径之一。VEGF是肿瘤血管生成的重要调控因子,参与肿瘤的血管生成及侵袭转移等恶性生物学行为[6]。随着研究的不断深入,有研究者发现VEGF还与淋巴管的生成存在密切联系[7]

VEGF-C、VEGF-D是VEGF家族成员,与淋巴管的生成关系密切[8]。抑制肿瘤细胞分泌VEGF-C可以抑制肿瘤的淋巴管生成[9],VEGF-C、VEGF-D可能会成为治疗肿瘤淋巴转移的靶点[10-11]。VEGFR-3是VEGF-C、VEGF-D的受体,在正常成人组织中VEGFR-3主要局限在淋巴管内皮细胞,然而在多种恶性肿瘤患者中可伴有VEGFR-3的异常升高[12-13]。VEGF-C、VEGF-D与VEGFR-3结合后可促进淋巴管的形成,从而促进肿瘤的淋巴转移。

本研究表明,在转移的淋巴结组织中VEGF-C及VEGF-D、VEGFR-3的蛋白表达水平均高于未转移的淋巴结,在胃癌组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D高于癌旁组织;进一步的临床参数分析结果显示,伴有淋巴结转移的胃癌组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D的蛋白表达水平高于未伴有淋巴结转移的胃癌组织,表明VEGF-C及VEGF-D参与胃癌的淋巴转移,其异常高表达是促进胃癌淋巴转移的重要因素。在本研究中VEGFR-3在胃癌组织中并未与VEGF-C、VEGF-D一样高于癌旁组织,这表明除了与VEGFR-3结合外,VEGF-C、VEGF-D可能还通过其他途径参与淋巴转移。

淋巴转移过程会受到多种因素的影响。由于H.pylori感染被列为胃癌的Ⅰ类致癌因素,为了明确H.pylori感染是否对胃癌的淋巴转移有影响,本研究进一步分析了H.pylori阳性胃癌组织与H.pylori阴性胃癌组织中VEGFR-3、VEGF-C及VEGF-D的蛋白表达水平。结果显示,H.pylori感染仅对胃癌组织的VEGFR-3蛋白表达水平有促进作用,还不能认为H.pylori感染与胃癌淋巴转移有关。此外,性别、年龄、肿瘤分化程度等临床参数对胃癌组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3的蛋白表达水平未见明显影响。

综上,VEGF-C、VEGF-D蛋白表达水平在胃癌原发灶和转移淋巴结中增高,且与胃癌的淋巴转移有关。

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