第二军医大学  2014, Vol. 35 Issue (7): 786-790   PDF    
胃腺癌组织再生基因蛋白Ⅳ的表达及临床意义
杨德生1, 康玉华1, 李福春2, 孙珠蕾3, 胡军红4, 索智敏1    
1. 河南大学淮河医院消化内科, 开封 475000;
2. 河南大学淮河医院超声科, 开封 475000;
3. 河南大学淮河医院病理科, 开封 475000;
4. 河南大学淮河医院普通外科, 开封 475000
摘要目的 探讨再生基因蛋白Ⅳ (regenerating gene type Ⅳ, Reg Ⅳ)在胃腺癌发生发展中的可能价值及意义。 方法 采用S-P免疫组织化学技术测定63例胃腺癌及相应的癌旁正常组织中Reg Ⅳ及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、Akt蛋白的表达;分析胃癌患者不同临床病理特征下Reg Ⅳ、PI3K、Akt蛋白的表达差异,并分析胃癌组织Reg Ⅳ蛋白与PI3K、Akt蛋白表达的相关性。 结果 63例胃腺癌组织中Reg Ⅳ、PI3K、Akt蛋白的阳性表达率为50.7% (32/63)、68.3% (43/63)、60.3% (38/63),均高于癌旁正常组织19.0% (12/63)、20.6% (13/63)、9.5% (6/63),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同肿瘤分化程度间Reg Ⅳ蛋白表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移与否、临床分期间PI3K蛋白表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);淋巴结转移与否胃癌组织Akt蛋白表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胃腺癌组织中Reg Ⅳ蛋白与PI3K、Akt表达正相关(rs=0.284、0.305,P<0.05),PI3K蛋白与Akt蛋白表达正相关(rs=0.423,P<0.05)。 结论 Reg Ⅳ高表达与胃腺癌发展相关,PI3K/Akt信号通路的激活可能参与其中。
关键词再生基因蛋白Ⅳ     胃肿瘤     腺癌     磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶     Akt     免疫组织化学    
Expression of regenerating gene type Ⅳ in human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and the clinical significance
YANG De-sheng1, KANG Yu-hua1, LI Fu-chun2, SUN Zhu-lei3, HU Jun-hong4, SUO Zhi-min1    
1. Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China;
2. Department of Ultrasound, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China;
3. Department of Pathology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China;
4. Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
Abstract: Objective To investigate the role of regenerating gene type Ⅳ (Reg Ⅳ) in the development and progression of gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods S-P immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression of Reg Ⅳ, PI3K, and Akt proteins in 63 gastric adenocarcinoma specimens and the corresponding tumor-adjacent normal tissues. Results The positive expression rates of Reg Ⅳ, PI3K and Akt proteins in 63 gastric adenocarcinoma tissues were 50.7% (32/63), 68.3% (43/63) and 60.3% (38/63), respectively, being significantly higher than those in the tumor-adjacent normal tissues (19.0%[2/63], 20.6%[13/63], and 9.5% [6/63], respectively, P<0.05). Reg Ⅳ expression was significantly correlated with the differentiation degree of gastric adenocarcinoma (P<0.05) and PI3K protein expression was significantly correlated with the differentiation degree, infiltrative depth, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). Akt protein expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). We also found that Reg Ⅳ protein expression was positively correlated with PI3K and Akt expression (rs=0.284, 0.305, P<0.05), and PI3K expression was positively correlated with Akt protein expression (rs=0.423, P<0.05). Conclusion Reg Ⅳ overexpression is associated with the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma, which may involve activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Key words: regenerating gene type Ⅳ     stomach neoplasms     adenocarcinoma     phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase     Akt     immunohistochemistry    

再生基因 (regenerating gene,Reg) 蛋白家族是钙依赖性凝集素超家族,高表达于部分胃肠道肿瘤,参与肿瘤细胞的增殖和分化,Reg Ⅳ是其中一个新成员 [1]。既往研究[2,3]表明:Reg Ⅳ在Crohn病和溃疡性结肠炎表达,并与大肠癌的恶性潜能和大肠腺瘤的恶性转化相关,且其能够通过增强Akt、Bcl-2、Bcl-xL及survivin的表达,维持大肠癌细胞的存活[4],但目前关于其在胃腺癌中的可能作用及机制尚不明确。因此,本研究采用免疫组织化学染色技术检测胃癌及癌旁正常组织中Reg Ⅳ蛋白的表达差异,分析其与磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、Akt蛋白表达的相关性,探讨Reg Ⅳ在胃癌发生发展中的可能意义及机制,为进一步深入研究奠定基础。 1 材料和方法 1.1 一般资料

河南大学淮河医院普通外科2010年1月至2012年1月手术切除的新鲜胃腺癌标本63例,均经H-E染色病理证实,所有患者术前均未接受放疗或化疗,并排除其他脏器恶性肿瘤。选取同一病例的癌旁切缘正常组织63例作为对照组。63例胃腺癌患者,男33例,女30例;年龄28~77岁,平均(46.8±3.9)岁;高、中、低分化腺癌分别为15例、22例和26例;淋巴结转移43例,无转移20例;按TNM分期标准,Ⅰ期9例,Ⅱ期15例,Ⅲ期18例,Ⅳ期21例;按浸润深度分为T1 11例,T2 14例,T3 15例,T4 23例。 1.2 免疫组织化学染色

浓缩型鼠抗人单克隆抗体Reg Ⅳ、PI3K、Akt及免疫组化试剂盒,DAB试剂盒均购自北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司。免疫组化S-P法染色:取厚4 μm石蜡切片,常规脱蜡、水化后,采用电炉加热煮沸修复抗原;Reg Ⅳ与PI3K、Akt蛋白单克隆抗体均按1∶100稀释,操作参照产品说明书,以磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)代替一抗作为阴性对照。用已证实的RegⅣ、PI3K、Akt染色阳性胃腺癌切片作阳性对照。 1.3 结果判断

根据免疫组化染色程度及阳性细胞数来计算免疫组化染色评分。染色程度:0为阴性,1为弱阳性,2为中等阳性,3为强阳性;阳性细胞数:无阳性细胞计为0分,阳性细胞1%~25%计为1分,阳性细胞25%~50%计为2分,阳性细胞大于50%计为3分。两者之和为3~6分者评为免疫组化染色阳性。结果判定在双盲法下进行,每张切片由两名高年资病理科主治医师独立判断,不一致时交高年资主任医师仲裁并重新计数。 1.4 统计学处理 采用SPSS 13.0统计软件包,计数资料应用率或比表示,两组率的比较采用χ2检验,等级资料的比较采取非参数检验的秩和检验,双变量相关关系分析采用Spearman相关分析,检验水准(α)为0.05。 2 结 果 2.1 胃腺癌组织Reg Ⅳ、PI3K、Akt蛋白的表达

免疫组化结果(图 1)表明:63例胃腺癌组织中,Reg Ⅳ蛋白阳性表达率50.7% (32/63),其阳性表达部位为胞质;PI3K的阳性表达率68.3% (43/63),阳性表达部位为胞质;Akt的阳性表达率60.3% (38/63),阳性表达部位主要在胞质,部分在胞核,均呈强阳性过度表达现象。癌旁正常组织中,Reg Ⅳ、PI3K、Akt蛋白均为弱阳性低表达,阳性表达率分别为19.0% (12/63)、20.6% (13/63)、9.5% (6/63)。两组间表达差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.969、28.929、35.761,P值均<0.05)。

图 1 胃腺癌组织及癌旁正常组织Reg Ⅳ、PI3K、Akt蛋白的表达(S-P法) 胃腺癌组织Reg Ⅳ及其受体阳性表达,而癌旁正常组织弱阳性表达. Original magnification: ×200
2.2 胃腺癌不同临床病理特征下Reg Ⅳ及其受体的表达

结果(表 1)表明:不同肿瘤分化程度间RegⅣ蛋白表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移与否、临床分期间PI3K蛋白表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);淋巴结转移与否胃癌组织Akt蛋白表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

表 1 胃腺癌不同临床病理特征下Reg Ⅳ及其受体的表达
2.3 胃腺癌组织Reg Ⅳ及其受体蛋白表达的相关性分析

配对资料的Spearman相关分析显示:胃腺癌组织中Reg Ⅳ蛋白与PI3K、Akt表达正相关(rs=0.284、0.305,P<0.05),PI3K蛋白与Akt蛋白表达正相关(rs=0.423,P<0.05)。 3 讨 论

Reg Ⅳ基因位于1号染色体上[5,6],可在各种正常组织中表达,如胃、大肠、小肠和胰腺,但其表达水平较癌组织中要低得多[7]。Violette等[8]研究表明,Reg Ⅳ在大肠肿瘤(特别是在黏液癌)有较高表达。Oue 等[7]采用定量PCR技术测定胃癌组织Reg Ⅳ基因的表达显著高于正常组织。Reg Ⅳ的抗凋亡特性与大肠癌的进展和胃癌化疗耐药性密切相关[9],Reg Ⅳ有望成为一个标记高度恶性潜力的生物学标记物[10,11]。本研究发现,Reg Ⅳ在胃腺癌中高表达,显著高于癌旁正常组织,且与肿瘤分化程度相关,但与肿瘤临床分期、有无淋巴结转移、浸润深度等因素无关,提示Reg Ⅳ可能参与了胃腺癌的发展,值得深入研究。

PI3K是脂质激酶家族的一个成员,已被证明在调节细胞增殖、黏附、生存和活力等方面发挥了关键作用[12]。PI3K蛋白是细胞内信号转导的关键酶,能够磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇的肌醇环3-位上的羟基基团,是人类肿瘤最常见的激活途径之一[13,14,15]。PI3K非常适合于药物干预,是目前肿瘤治疗最具潜力的靶标。本研究发现,胃腺癌组织PI3K蛋白阳性表达率显著高于癌旁正常组织,且与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、临床分期正相关,与既往报道结果[16]类似。Akt蛋白属于蛋白激酶B族,是PI3K信号通路上游和下游的中心节点[17,18,19,20]。Akt蛋白在肿瘤发生发展过程中通过多种信号通路被激活[18,19,21] ,参与了肿瘤的发生和发展[17]。本研究表明,胃腺癌组织Akt蛋白高表达,显著高于癌旁正常组织,且与淋巴转移相关,与文献报道[16,22]类似,提示Akt参与了胃腺癌的发展。

目前对于Reg Ⅳ激活的信号转导通路知之甚少。Kuniyasu等[23]发现Reg Ⅳ可提高抗凋亡基因Bcl-2、Bcl-xL、survivin的表达,且Reg Ⅳ基因高效转染MKN28和TMK1胃癌细胞后可促进Akt磷酸化和EGFR磷酸化,而细胞的数量和侵袭能力未得到增长和增强。Takehara等[24]研究认为Reg Ⅳ可能通过PI3K/Akt信号通路刺激胰腺癌细胞的生长。本研究发现,Reg Ⅳ与PI3K、Akt蛋白在胃腺癌中的表达均呈正相关,进一步从蛋白水平证实了上述观点。PI3K和Akt蛋白作为PI3K/Akt信号系统的两个关键酶,为信号转导系统的上下游关系。本研究结果显示,PI3K和Akt蛋白的表达在胃腺癌组织中正相关,与既往报道相符[16]。限于研究时限及经费来源,本研究未能同期行基因水平研究,存在不足,后续研究会进一步补充。

综上所述,本研究从蛋白水平证实Reg Ⅳ高表达与胃腺癌分化程度相关,PI3K/Akt信号通路的激活可能参与其中,为后续基于Reg Ⅳ蛋白的肿瘤靶向治疗研究奠定了基础。

4 利益冲突

所有作者声明本文不涉及任何利益冲突。

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