肿瘤防治研究  2021, Vol. 48 Issue (2): 121-126
本刊由国家卫生和计划生育委员会主管,湖北省卫生厅、中国抗癌协会、湖北省肿瘤医院主办。
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文章信息

LncRNA-p21调控Notch信号通路对非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响
Effect of LncRNA-p21 Regulating Notch Signaling Pathway on Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells
肿瘤防治研究, 2021, 48(2): 121-126
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2021, 48(2): 121-126
http://www.zlfzyj.com/CN/10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2021.20.0730
收稿日期: 2020-06-28
修回日期: 2020-11-12
LncRNA-p21调控Notch信号通路对非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响
张冠磊1 ,    马苗苗1 ,    兰文静1 ,    王琳2     
1. 471000 洛阳,河南科技大学第二附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科;
2. 450000 郑州,郑州大学第一附属医院肿瘤科
摘要: 目的 探讨LncRNA-p21调控Notch信号通路对非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响。方法 pcDNA-lincRNA-p21、空载质粒pcDNA转染A549细胞设为过表达组和空载组;稳定转染过表达组加入Notch信号通路特异性激活剂Jagged1蛋白,设为Notch激活剂组;不作处理细胞为对照组。MTT法、划痕实验和Transwell小室实验检测各组细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭情况。RT-qPCR及Western blot法检测各组Notch1、HES-1、NICD、E-cadherin、Vimentin的mRNA和蛋白表达。结果 过表达组培养24、48和72 h MTT实验A值均低于对照组、空载组和Notch激活剂组,Notch激活剂组低于对照组和空载组(P < 0.05);过表达组48 h细胞迁移率和穿膜细胞数及Notch1、HES-1、NICD、Vimentin mRNA和蛋白相对表达量均低于对照组、空载组和Notch激活剂组,Notch激活剂组低于对照组和空载组(P < 0.05);过表达组E-cadherin mRNA和蛋白相对表达量高于对照组和Notch激活剂组,Notch激活剂组高于空载组和对照组(P < 0.05)。结论 LncRNA-p21基因过表达可抑制非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭,其调控机制可能与抑制Notch信号通路、阻断A549细胞上皮间质转化有关。
关键词: 非小细胞肺癌    长链非编码RNA-p21    增殖    迁移    侵袭    
Effect of LncRNA-p21 Regulating Notch Signaling Pathway on Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells
ZHANG Guanlei1 , MA Miaomiao1 , LAN Wenjing1 , WANG Lin2     
1. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of He'nan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China;
2. Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of LncRNA-p21 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells by regulating Notch signaling pathway. Methods The pcDNA-lincRNA-p21 and empty plasmid pcDNA were transfected into A549 cells, and they were divided into overexpression group and empty vector group. Cells from the stably-transfected overexpression group were added with the Notch signaling pathway specific activator Jagged1 protein and set as the Notch activator group. In addition, the cells without treatment were taken as the control group. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion of each group were detected by MTT method, scratch test and Transwell cell test. The expressions of Notch 1, HES-1, NICD, E-cadherin, Vimentin mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results The A value of MTT test at 24, 48 and 72 hours in the overexpression group was lower than those in the control group, empty vector group and Notch activator group, and the Notch activator group was higher than the control group and the empty vector group (P < 0.05). The cell migration rate, the number of transmembrane cells and the relative expressions of Notch1, HES-1, NICD, Vimentin mRNA and protein of overexpression group at 48 hours were lower than those of the control group, empty vector group and Notch activator group, and the Notch activator group was lower than the control group and the empty vector group (P < 0.05). The relative expressions of E-cadherin mRNA and protein of overexpression group were higher than those of control group, empty vector group and Notch activator group, and the Notch activator group was higher than the control group and the empty vector group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of LncRNA-p21 gene could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Its regulatory mechanism may be related to inhibiting Notch signaling pathway, thereby blocking the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of A549 cells.
Key words: Non-small cell lung cancer    Long non-coding RNA-p21    Proliferation    Migration    Invasion    
0 引言

非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)占肺癌类型的80%以上,具有发病率高、病死率高的特点,近年来发病率有逐渐升高的趋势[1]。NSCLC病情隐匿,早期极易误诊或漏诊,贻误病情,使患者失去最佳手术时机,预后生存期短[2]。因此,了解NSCLC发生发展机制,寻找有效干预手段,对患者治疗至关重要。近年来研究表明,NSCLC与多基因、多环节异常改变有关,其中长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, LncRNA)表达调控与其改变关系紧密,参与肿瘤发生及发展的多个环节[3-4]。研究发现,LncRNA-p21具有抑制胃癌、肺癌等癌细胞侵袭、转移的作用,但具体调控机制尚不清楚[5-6]。本研究通过脂质体转染过表达LncRNA-p21质粒载体,上调A549细胞中LncRNA-p21基因表达,观察过表达LncRNA-p21基因对A549细胞增殖和侵袭等能力的影响及作用机制,为临床NSCLC靶向治疗提供参考依据。

1 材料与方法 1.1 材料

非小细胞肺癌A549细胞系购自上海生科院细胞库;pcDNA-lincRNA-p21、空载质粒pcDNA(上海吉玛公司);Notch信号通路特异性激活剂Jagged1蛋白(美国R & D Systems公司);LipofectamineTM 2000试剂盒、TRIzol(美国Invitrogen公司);二喹啉甲酸(bicinchoninic acid, BCA)试剂盒(美国Sigma-Aldrich公司);细胞裂解液(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司);一步法实时荧光定量PCR试剂盒(美国QIAGEN公司);二喹啉甲酸蛋白定量分析试剂盒(美国Thermo公司);兔抗人Notch1、转录因子HES-1、Notch1胞内结构域(Notch 1 intracellular domain, NICD)、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)单抗(一抗)、HRP标记二抗(美国Santa Cruz公司);StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR仪(美国Thermo Fisher公司);ELx800TS酶标仪(美国BioTek公司)。

1.2 实验方法

1.2.1 细胞培养

非小细胞肺癌A549细胞置于含10%FBS的DMEM培养基,于5%CO2、37℃恒温箱培养,每两天换液一次,3~5天传代1次。

1.2.2 细胞转染及分组

取对数期细胞常规消化并接种至6孔板,细胞再次贴壁至70%左右时,更换无血清培养基同条件孵育12 h,严格按照LipofectamineTM 2000脂质体转染试剂盒操作,继续培养6 h,更换无双抗培养基,继续培养32 h,获得稳定转染细胞设为过表达组,同法获得转染空载质粒pcDNA A549细胞,获得稳定转染细胞设为空载组,同时取未经处理的A549细胞株为对照组。取稳定转染过表达组细胞,加入Jagged1蛋白(终浓度5 mg/L),设为Notch激活剂组。

1.2.3 转染后LncRNA-p21基因表达检测

取稳定转染的各组细胞,胰蛋白酶消化后,离心收集各组细胞,RT-qPCR法检测各组LncRNA-p21基因表达情况。TRIzol法提取总RNA,反转录获取cDNA;根据SYBR Green PCR试剂盒设定反应体系:SYBR Green PCR buffer 5 μl,10 μmol/L上下游引物各0.2 μl,dNTP酶10.0 μl,ddH2O 4.6 μl;反应条件:95℃预变性3 min;95℃变性20 s,59℃退火40 s,72℃延伸30 s,重复42个循环。以内参β-actin作对照物,按照2-ΔΔCT计算LncRNA-p21相对表达强度,引物序列见表 1

表 1 Notch1、HES-1、NICD、E-cadherin、Vimentin基因引物序列 Table 1 Primer sequences of Notch1, HES-1, NICD, E-cadherin and Vimentin genes

1.2.4 MTT法检测各组细胞增殖能力

取稳定转染空载组、过表达组、空白组及Notch激活剂组细胞,调整细胞密度,以每毫升1×105个接种于96孔板,每组5个复孔。培养至24、48及72 h时,加入20 μl浓度为5 mg/ml MTT溶液,继续孵育4 h,倾倒上层培养液,各孔加入DMSO溶液150 μl,混匀后,酶标仪测定570 nm波长处吸光度(A)值。

1.2.5 划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力

取稳定转染空载组、过表达组、空白组及Notch激活剂组细胞,以每毫升5×104个重新接种于6孔板,每组5个复孔;同条件下继续培养,待细胞再次融合完整后,用50 μl无菌枪头于培养板中间划直线,移液管吸取细胞培养液轻轻吹洗,确认划痕边缘整齐,加入完全培养基,48 h后于倒置显微镜下观察并拍照。细胞迁移率(%)=(初始划痕宽度-48 h划痕宽度)/初始划痕宽度×100%。

1.2.6 Transwell法检测细胞侵袭能力

收集各组细胞,Transwell小室滤膜由1:6稀释的DMEM人工基质均匀涂布,37℃恒温培养箱放置40 min左右胶干;下层小室加入培养12 h后的无细胞上清液,上层小室加入培养12 h的单细胞悬液。继续孵育48 h后,用手术镊取下中间滤膜,置于质量分数3.7%甲醇固定,经结晶紫染色后,于显微镜下随机取5个视野,计数并统计平均穿膜细胞数。

1.2.7 Notch1、HES-1、NICD、E-cadherin和Vimentin基因表达检测

取稳定转染空载组、过表达组、空白组及Notch激活剂组细胞,调整细胞密度,以每毫升1×105个接种于96孔板,培养48 h。胰蛋白酶消化后,离心收集各组细胞,RT-qPCR法检测各组细胞中Notch1、HES-1、NICD、E-cadherin、Vimentin基因表达情况。TRIzol法提取总RNA,反转录法获得cDNA;严格按照SYBR Green PCR试剂盒进行试验。以2-ΔΔCT计算目的基因的相对表达强度。各基因上下游引物序列见表 1

1.2.8 Notch1、HES-1、NICD、E-cadherin、和Vimentin蛋白表达检测

取稳定转染空载组、过表达组、空白组及Notch激活剂组细胞,调整细胞密度以1×105个/毫升接种于96孔板,培养48 h。胰蛋白酶消化后,离心收集各组细胞,加入0.5 ml细胞裂解液,于冰上裂解20 min,12 000 r/min离心10 min取上清液,BCA试剂盒测定蛋白总量。取50 μg样品进样,进行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳,然后电转、封闭,按要求加入稀释一抗4℃摇床孵育过夜,TBST洗涤3次×5 min后,加入稀释二抗,室温孵育2 h,TBST洗涤3次×5 min,于暗室中显影、定影,扫描拍照后采用Image J软件分析各条带灰度值,蛋白相对表达量用Notch1、HES-1、NICD、E-cadherin、Vimentin蛋白与内参β-actin灰度值比值表示。

1.3 统计学方法

采用SPSS21.0统计软件,计量资料均以x±s表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两样本间比较采用LSD-t检验。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 各组细胞中LncRNA-p21基因表达比较

过表达组、空载组及对照组LncRNA-p21基因相对表达量分别为8.57±1.36、1.07±0.15、1.02±0.14,组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=146.674, P < 0.001);过表达组LncRNA-p21基因相对表达量高于空载组和对照组(t=12.257、12.348, 均P < 0.001);空载组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.545, P=0.601),见图 1

*: P < 0.05, compared with control group; #: P < 0.05, compared with empty vector group. 图 1 各组细胞中LncRNA-p21基因表达比较 Figure 1 Comparison of LncRNA-p21 gene expression in each group
2.2 各组细胞增殖情况比较

不同时间四组间MTT实验A值比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);过表达组培养24、48、72 h MTT实验A值均低于对照组、空载组和Notch激活剂组,Notch激活剂组低于对照组和空载组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);对照组与空载组培养24、48、72 h MTT实验A值比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);四组培养48 h MTT实验A值均高于培养24 h(P < 0.05),且培养72 h MTT实验A值高于48 h(P < 0.05),见表 2

表 2 各组细胞不同时间MTT试验A值比较 Table 2 Comparison of A value of MTT test at different time among each group
2.3 各组细胞迁移情况比较

对照组、空载组、过表达组和Notch激活剂组48 h细胞迁移率分别为(71.69±6.20)%、(71.50± 6.53)%、(49.32±5.20)%、(63.17±5.92)%,四组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=15.544, P < 0.001);过表达组48 h细胞迁移率低于空载组、对照组和Notch激活剂组(t=6.182、5.941、3.647, 均P < 0.05),Notch激活剂组低于对照组和空载组(t=2.483、2.367, 均P < 0.05);空载组与对照组间差异无统计学意义(t=0.047, P=0.964),见图 2

*: P < 0.05, compared with control group; #: P < 0.05, compared with empty vector group; ▲: P < 0.05, compared with Notch activator group. 图 2 各组划痕实验48 h细胞迁移率结果 Figure 2 Cell migration rates of each group at 48 hours detected by scratch test
2.4 各组细胞侵袭情况比较

对照组、空载组、过表达组和Notch激活剂组48 h穿膜细胞数分别为173.33±22.00个、179.00±19.33个、62.33±10.33个、107.00±9.33个,四组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=59.514, P < 0.001);过表达组48 h穿膜细胞数少于空载组、对照组和Notch激活剂组(t=10.212、11.903、7.176, 均P < 0.001),Notch激活剂组少于对照组和空载组(t=6.207、7.501, 均P < 0.001);空载组与对照组间差异无统计学意义(t=0.433, P=0.677),见图 3

*: P < 0.05, compared with control group; #: P < 0.05, compared with empty vector group; ▲: P < 0.05, compared with Notch activator group. 图 3 Transwell实验48 h穿膜细胞数结果 Figure 3 Number of transmembrane cells at 48 hours detected by Transwell test
2.5 各组Notch1、HES-1、NICD、E-cadherin和Vimentin的mRNA表达比较

Notch1、HES-1、NICD、E-cadherin和Vimentin mRNA相对表达量在四组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);过表达组Notch1、HES-1、NICD、Vimentin mRNA相对表达量低于空载组、对照组和Notch激活剂组,Notch激活剂组低于对照组和空载组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);过表达组中E-cadherin mRNA相对表达量高于空载组、对照组和Notch激活剂组,Notch激活剂组高于对照组和空载组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);空载组与对照组间差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05),见表 3

表 3 Notch1、HES-1、NICD、E-cadherin和Vimentin mRNA相对表达量比较 Table 3 Comparison of relative expressions of Notch1, HES-1, NICD, E-cadherin and Vimentin mRNA
2.6 各组Notch1、HES-1、NICD、E-cadherin和Vimentin蛋白表达比较

Notch1、HES-1、NICD、E-cadherin和Vimentin蛋白相对表达量组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);过表达组Notch1、HES-1、NICD、Vimentin蛋白相对表达量低于空载组、对照组和Notch激活剂组,Notch激活剂组低于空载组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);过表达组中E-cadherin蛋白相对表达量高于空载组、对照组和Notch激活剂组,Notch激活剂组高于空载组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);空载组与对照组间差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05),见表 4图 4

表 4 Notch1、HES-1、NICD、E-cadherin和Vimentin蛋白相对表达量比较 Table 4 Comparison of relative expressions of Notch1, HES-1, NICD, E-cadherin and Vimentin protein

图 4 各组蛋白免疫印迹图 Figure 4 Immunoblotting diagrams of proteins in each group
3 讨论

近年来,尽管手术及其他综合治疗手段不断进步,NSCLC治疗成功率有所提高,但仍有部分患者预后不佳,寻找新的治疗靶点意义重大。近年来研究表明,LncRNA可通过调控微小RNA或下游编码区RNA参与肿瘤的发生、发展,目前已成为肿瘤发生、发展机制相关研究的热点[7]。LncRNA-p21在多种恶性肿瘤组织或细胞中异常表达,且与肿瘤增殖、侵袭及迁移相关[8-9]。Notch信号通路是存在于多种动物体内的信号交点通路,在上皮间质转化(EMT)、细胞增殖、迁移及分化等多种肿瘤生物学活动中发挥重要调控作用[10-11]。因此,探讨LncRNA-p21能否通过调控Notch信号通路对NSCLC细胞的EMT过程产生影响,从而影响癌细胞的增殖、侵袭及迁移能力有重要意义。

本研究采用脂质体转染法上调A549细胞中LncRNA-p21基因的表达,结果显示过表达组LncRNA-p21基因相对表达量高于空载组和对照组,说明成功上调该基因的表达。基因组测序分析显示,人类基因组非编码区存在大量LncRNA,其中约2.4万个LncRNA参与转录、干扰、染色质修饰等多项生物学活动[12]。Han等[13]研究发现,LncRNA-p21在恶性骨肉瘤组织中表达受到抑制,体外试验表明,上调LncRNA-p21表达可抑制骨肉瘤细胞增殖,与本结果一致。Isin等[14]发现LncRNA-p21在前列腺癌患者中异常低表达,可作为鉴别诊断前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生的可靠标志物。本研究结果提示LncRNA-p21基因过表达可抑制非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭能力。

本研究结果显示,Notch激活剂组A549细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力较过表达组增强,Notch1信号通路相关基因和蛋白表达较过表达组均有上调,过表达组Notch1信号通路相关基因和蛋白表达较对照组和空载组均下调,提示过表达LncRNA-p21基因对非小细胞肺癌的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力的抑制作用可能与抑制Notch信号通路、阻断A549细胞上皮间质转化过程有关。人类Notch信号通路主要由Notch受体(1-4)、Notch配体(DSL蛋白)及相关靶基因HES-1、同型半胱氨酸诱导的内质网蛋白等组成[15]。Notch1信号通路在多种恶性肿瘤组织中检测出激活状态,参与肿瘤化疗耐药、侵袭及转移过程[16-17]。Notch1信号通路中受体与配体结合后激活,受体蛋白水解,继而释放出NICD易位于细胞核,与核内多种转录因子结合调控下游靶基因转录和表达。HES-1是Notch1信号通路下游靶基因,有抑制细胞增殖作用[18-19]。E-cadherin及Vimentin分别是上皮及间质标记基因,两者在维持细胞形态、结构完整、细胞间黏附作用等方面起重要作用[20]。研究显示,活化Notch1片段NICD可诱导转录性抑制体大量表达,继而与E-cadherin结合,增加细胞间接触抑制从而抑制EMT,抑制细胞侵袭及迁移能力[21]

综上,本研究得出LncRNA-p21基因过表达可抑制非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,其调控机制可能与抑制Notch信号通路,从而阻断A549细胞上皮间质转化过程有关,为临床通过靶向干扰LncRNA-p21基因表达治疗NSCLC提供理论支持。

作者贡献:

张冠磊:文献收集整理、实验设计及操作、统计分析、论文撰写与修改

马苗苗:收集和资料汇总分析

兰文静:文章审校、修改和指导

王琳:论文指导

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