肿瘤防治研究  2019, Vol. 46 Issue (11): 1044-1046
本刊由国家卫生和计划生育委员会主管,湖北省卫生厅、中国抗癌协会、湖北省肿瘤医院主办。
0

文章信息

睾丸去分化脂肪肉瘤1例报道并文献复习
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma of Testis: A Case Report and Literature Review
肿瘤防治研究, 2019, 46(11): 1044-1046
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2019, 46(11): 1044-1046
http://www.zlfzyj.com/CN/10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2019.19.0527
收稿日期: 2019-04-23
修回日期: 2019-08-08
睾丸去分化脂肪肉瘤1例报道并文献复习
彭洁1 ,    王卫2 ,    张仁亚2 ,    崔文3     
1. 272067 济宁,济宁医学院临床医学院;
2. 272029 济宁,济宁医学院附属医院病理科;
3. 272067 济宁,济宁医学院司法鉴定中心
关键词: 脂肪肉瘤    去分化    睾丸肿瘤    免疫组织化学染色    
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma of Testis: A Case Report and Literature Review
PENG Jie1 , WANG Wei2 , ZHANG Renya2 , CUI Wen3     
1. College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China;
2. Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, China;
3. Center of Forensic Science, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
0 引言

去分化脂肪肉瘤(dedifferentiated liposarcoma, DDLPS)定义为非典型脂肪瘤样肿瘤/高分化脂肪肉瘤在原发或复发部位向各种组织学级别的非脂肪源性肉瘤转化的情况。10%的各种亚型高分化脂肪肉瘤,好发于中老年人肢体深部、腹膜后、睾丸旁区,一般病史较长,近期迅速生长,其特征是具有强侵袭性[1-3]。本文将结合文献对1例去分化脂肪肉瘤的临床病理学特征及免疫表型进行分析,旨在提高对其诊断水平。

1 临床资料 1.1 资料

患者,男,78岁,因“右腹股沟肿物待查”入院。该患者3月前发现右腹股沟处肿物,未进行任何治疗,自感肿物逐渐增大。体检:右侧腹股沟区可触及肿物,大小约3 cm×4 cm ×5 cm,质韧、活动期欠佳、无压痛、余体检未见明显异常。手术行右腹股沟肿物切除术+右侧单侧睾丸切除术+腹壁补片修补术,肿物全部切除并送病理检查。

1.2 方法

(1)标本常规制片;(2)苏木精-伊红染色法(HE染色法);(3)免疫组织化学(Immunohistochemistry, IHC),染色所用IHC抗体为迈新公司即用型抗体;(4)FISH技术。

病理检查:大体观:睾丸一个,大小7 cm×4 cm×3.5 cm,睾丸旁区见一肿物,大小3.8 cm×4 cm×5 cm,呈多结节状、切面灰白质稍韧,界不清。镜检:本例高分化成分约占肿瘤10%,去分化成分约占肿瘤90%,高分化成分呈脂肪瘤样脂肪肉瘤形态:具有分化好、近乎成熟的脂肪细胞,可见核大、深染、异型的脂肪母细胞(图 1),去分化成分可见异型增生的梭形细胞排列成显著stori-form结构,梭形细胞可见核周空晕及病理性核分裂相(图 2),少部分区域可见多形性肉瘤成分(图 3),部分呈黏液纤维肉瘤形态(图 4),另外,高级别成分与低级别成分由胶原纤维分隔开(图 5)。免疫表型:P16(+)(图 6)、CDK4(+)(图 7)、CD34(-)、CD117(-)、Dog-1(-)、Vimentin(+)、SMA(-)、CD68(-)、Ki-67增殖指数约5%(图 8),各免疫组织化学标志物在高、低分化区域无明显差异。FISH检测:MDM2基因扩增且在高、低分化区域无明显差异(图 9)。

图 1 去分化脂肪肉瘤呈梭形细胞脂肪肉瘤样 Figure 1 Dedifferentiated liposarcoma arranged as spindle cell liposarcoma

图 2 去分化脂肪肉瘤呈低度恶性纤维肉瘤样 Figure 2 Dedifferentiated liposarcoma arranged as low-grade malignant fibrosarcoma

图 3 去分化脂肪肉瘤呈多形性脂肪肉瘤样 Figure 3 Dedifferentiated liposarcoma arranged as polymorphic liposarcoma

图 4 去分化脂肪肉瘤呈黏液纤维肉瘤样 Figure 4 Dedifferentiated liposarcoma arranged as mucinous fibrosarcoma

图 5 高级别成分与低级别成分由胶原纤维分隔开 Figure 5 High-level and low-grade components were separated by collagen fibers

图 6 免疫组织化学染色P16强阳性 Figure 6 Immunohistochemical staining showed P16 positive

图 7 免疫组织化学染色CDK4阳性 Figure 7 Immunohistochemical staining showed CDK4 positive

图 8 免疫组织化学染色Ki67阳性 Figure 8 Immunohistochemical staining showed Ki67 positive

图 9 FISH检测:红色信号显示MDM2基因簇状扩增,其中绿色信号为内参 Figure 9 FISH detection: red signal showed clustering of MDM2 gene, green signal was internal reference

病理诊断:去分化脂肪肉瘤。

2 讨论

脂肪肉瘤(liposarcoma, LPS)是一种恶性间充质肿瘤,约占软组织肉瘤的20% [4],LPS最常见于四肢,但也可能涉及罕见部位,如胸部、颈部、腹膜后[5]和皮下组织。最新WHO脂肪肉瘤分类:非典型脂肪瘤(ALT)/良好分化的脂肪肉瘤(WDLS)、黏液样脂肪肉瘤、多形性脂肪肉瘤、去分化脂肪肉瘤(DDLS)和混合型脂肪肉瘤[6]。其中去分化脂肪肉瘤具有高度恶性,其复发和转移率高于其他类型[4, 7],可以转移到腹膜后或肝脏、肺部和软组织部位,包括睾丸周围区域、背部和大腿[2]。本例高分化部分包括脂肪瘤样型:具有分化好、近乎成熟的脂肪细胞,可见核大、深染、异型的脂肪母细胞;炎性反应型:在脂肪瘤样型中出现淋巴细胞。去分化成分大多为不典型非脂肪源性肉瘤样形态:低级别黏液纤维肉瘤样;低度恶性纤维肉瘤样:轻度异型、束状排列的成纤维细胞,似高分化纤维肉瘤;少部分为多形性脂肪肉瘤样。

DDLPS需与以下疾病进行鉴别:(1)梭形细胞脂肪瘤:常表现为单个无痛性结节,由梭形细胞及成熟脂肪细胞构成,没有脂肪母细胞,关键是无细胞核非典型性,有粗糙折光的胶原纤维,MDM2基因无扩增可与DDLPS鉴别。(2)平滑肌肉瘤:多见于老年人,常表现为单个或多个质硬结节。肿瘤由多形性梭形细胞构成,具有嗜酸性胞质和两端钝圆的细胞核,SMA、desmin阳性,MDM2阴性。(3)脂肪瘤:多呈叶状,有完整薄层纤维性包膜,瘤细胞主要为成熟的脂肪细胞,缺乏细胞核的异型性。(4)胃肠道间质瘤:好发于胃肠道,由梭形细胞和上皮样细胞构成,可有囊性变和坏死,免疫组织化学CD117、CD34和Dog-1阳性,可与DDLPS鉴别。

在遗传学上,DDLPS 12q13-15区域的基因扩增,包括MDM2、CDK4、DDIT3、HMGA2[8],并对其预后具有重要临床意义[9]。因CDK4特异性高、MDM2敏感度高,常联合使用CDK4和MDM2以提高诊断准确性。另外,DDIT3在33%的去分化脂肪肉瘤病例中得到了扩增,DDIT3过表达可能干扰脂肪细胞分化而诱导DDLPS形成[1]

DDLPS具有复发率高的特点,切除边缘的根治性手术是主要的推荐治疗方法[10]。虽然手术切除是目前主要治疗方法,但对于复发或转移的DDLPS患者效果十分有限,现正在研究针对12号染色体基因产物的新型靶向治疗[2]。另外,在复发性DDLPS中,术前放射治疗可以将不可切除的肿瘤转变为可切除的形式[11]。另外,全血miRNA表达分析显示miR-3613-3p是DDLPS的潜在生物标志物[12]。miR-133a在DDLPS患者组织中显著下调从而导致机体代谢的转变,可能是DDLPS的潜在靶标。

DDLPS预后较差,具有位点依赖性,观察155例DDLPS患者发现,腹膜后DDLPS的预后明显差于其他部位的DDLPS[13]。目前,此患者已进行手术治疗,未进行术后放化疗,身体状况尚可。

作者贡献:

彭  洁:论文撰写

王  卫:分子病理技术指导

张仁亚:提供病例及思路

崔  文:文章审校

参考文献
[1]
Mantilla JG, Ricciotti RW, Chen EY, et al. Amplification of DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) is associated with myxoid liposarcoma-like morphology and homologous lipoblastic differentiation in dedifferentiated liposarcoma[J]. Mod Pathol, 2019, 32(4): 585-592.
[2]
Thway K. Well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma: An updated review[J]. Semin Diagn Pathol, 2019, 36(2): 112-121.
[3]
崔力方, 罗成华, 张继新, 等. 腹膜后去分化脂肪肉瘤临床病理分析[J]. 实用肿瘤杂志, 2012, 27(6): 620-623. [Cui LF, Luo CH, Zhang JX, et al. Clinicopathological analysis of retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma[J]. Shi Yong Zhong Liu Za Zhi, 2012, 27(6): 620-623.]
[4]
Nimura F, Nakasone T, Matsumoto H, et al. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the oral floor: A case study and literature review of 50 cases of head and neck neoplasm[J]. Oncol Lett, 2018, 15(5): 7681-7688.
[5]
周妮娜, 李囡, 王雪鹃, 等. 腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的PET/CT影像学特点[J]. 肿瘤防治研究, 2018, 45(5): 316-319. [Zhou NN, Li N, Wang XJ, et al. PET/CT Manifestations of Different Pathological Subtypes of Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma[J]. Zhong Liu Fang Zhi Yan Jiu, 2018, 45(5): 316-319. DOI:10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2018.17.1628]
[6]
谢晶, 王志华, 丁敏, 等. 去分化脂肪肉瘤11例临床病理分析[J]. 临床与实验病理学杂志, 2018, 34(6): 682-685. [Xie J, Wang ZH, Ding M, et al. Clinical and pathological analysis of 11 cases of dedifferentiated liposarcoma[J]. Lin Chuang Yu Shi Yan Bing Li Xue Za Zhi, 2018, 34(6): 682-685.]
[7]
Beird HC, Wu CC, Ingram DR, et al. Genomic profiling of dedifferentiated liposarcoma compared to matched well-differentiated liposarcoma reveals higher genomic complexity and a common origin[J]. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud, 2018, 4(2): Pii: a002386. DOI:10.1101/mcs.a002386
[8]
Ricciotti RW, Baraff AJ, Jour G, et al. High amplification levels of MDM2 and CDK4 correlate with poor outcome in patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma: A cytogenomic microarray analysis of 47 cases[J]. Cancer Genet, 2017, 218-219: 69-80. DOI:10.1016/j.cancergen.2017.09.005
[9]
Saâda-Bouzid E, Burel-Vandenbos F, Ranchère-Vince D, et al. Prognostic value of HMGA2, CDK4, and JUN amplification in well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas[J]. Mod Pathol, 2015, 28(11): 1404-1414. DOI:10.1038/modpathol.2015.96
[10]
Carboni F, Valle M, Federici O, et al. Giant Primary Retroperitoneal Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2019, 23(7): 1521-1523. DOI:10.1007/s11605-018-3851-5
[11]
Ashraf U, Dudekula RA, Roy S, et al. Recurrent intrathoracic dedifferentiated liposarcoma: A case report and literature review[J]. Respir Med Case Rep, 2019, 26: 281-284.
[12]
Fricke A, Cimniak AFV, Ullrich PV, et al. Whole blood miRNA expression analysis reveals miR-3613-3p as a potential biomarker for dedifferentiated liposarcoma[J]. Cancer Biomark, 2018, 22(2): 199-207. DOI:10.3233/CBM-170496
[13]
Shintaku M, Yoshida T, Hirose T, et al. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the spermatic cord with features of epithelioid rhabdomyosarcoma and a rapidly fatal outcome[J]. Pathol Int, 2018, 68(10): 579-581. DOI:10.1111/pin.12712