肿瘤防治研究  2016, Vol. 43 Issue (5): 396-399
本刊由国家卫生和计划生育委员会主管,湖北省卫生厅、中国抗癌协会、湖北省肿瘤医院主办。
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文章信息

腹腔炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的临床病理分析
Clinicopathologic Features and Surgical Treatment of Abdominal Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
肿瘤防治研究, 2016, 43(5): 396-399
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2016, 43(5): 396-399
http://www.zlfzyj.com/CN/10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2016.05.016
收稿日期: 2015-10-08
修回日期: 2016-01-22
腹腔炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的临床病理分析
安松林1 , 荣维淇2 , 王黎明2 , 吴凡2 , 冯莉2 , 田斐2 , 吴健雄2     
1. 100038 北京,首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院结直肠肿瘤外科;
2. 100021 北京,北京协和医学院 中国医学科学院肿瘤医院肝胆外科
摘要: 目的 分析腹腔炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(IMT)的临床病理特点、诊疗方法及预后。 方法 回顾性分析经手术治疗的13例腹腔炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤患者的临床病理资料。 结果 本组患者女8例、男5例,中位年龄24岁(15~57岁)。临床表现为腹部肿物、腹部不适隐痛、发热、体重减轻等非特异性症状,影像学检查无明显特异性。SMA、MSA、Vim免疫组织化学检查均为阳性。本组患者均接受手术治疗,术后随访31~76月(中位44月),1例术后13月复发,再次手术后无复发,其余12例无复发和转移。 结论 腹腔IMT缺乏典型临床及影像学表现,明确诊断依靠病理检查,SMA、MSA、Vim多为阳性,有助于IMT的诊断,手术切除是首选治疗方法,预后良好。
关键词: 炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤     临床病理特征     预后    
Clinicopathologic Features and Surgical Treatment of Abdominal Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
AN Songlin1 , RONG Weiqi2 , WANG Liming2 , WU Fan2 , FENG Li2 , TIAN Fei2 , WU Jianxiong2     
1. Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China;
2. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
Corresponding author: WU Jianxiong,E-mail: dr.wujx@hotmail.com
Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis and surgical treatment of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). Methods A retrospective clinical analysis was made in 13 cases of IMT confirmed pathologically and admitted from January 2008 to December 2012 in the Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Results Eight females and five males with a median age of 24 years (range: 15-57 years) were enrolled. The clinical presentation of IMT was non-specific and insufficient to establish a diagnosis. The patients in this series presented with a palpable abdominal mass, abdominal discomfort, fever, and weight loss. Surgical treatment was performed on all patients. The immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the positive incidences for SMA, MSA, and Vim were 100% (13/13), 100% (13/13), and 100% (13/13) respectively. During the follow-up period of 31-76 months (median: 44 months), one patient underwent reoperation for recurrence 13 months after the first operation, and the other 12 patients showed no metastasis or recurrence. Conclusion Abdominal IMT is rare and with no specific clinical manifestation. The diagnosis of IMT remains difficult and mainly relies on pathological findings. SMA, MSA, and Vim are helpful in the diagnostic process. Surgical resection is the optimal treatment for tumors suspected of IMT, and the prognosis is favorable.
Key words: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT)     Clinicopathologic features     Prognosis    
0 引言

WHO将炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,IMT)定义为“由分化的肌纤维母细胞性梭形细胞组成的,常伴大量浆细胞和(或)淋巴细胞的一种肿瘤”[1]。IMT发病率低,腹腔IMT更为罕见[2]。本研究回顾性分析中国医学院肿瘤医院2008年1月至2012年12月经手术治疗的13例腹腔炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤患者的临床病理资料,并结合国内外相关文献分析其临床、影像和病理特点以及预后转归。

1 资料与方法 1.1 临床资料

2008年1月至2012年12月中国医学科学院肿瘤医院手术治疗13例IMT患者,均经病理检查确诊,其中女8例(61.5%)、男5例(38.5%),中位年龄24岁(15~57岁)。本组患者主诉:腹部肿物4例(30.8%)、上腹部隐痛或不适4例(30.8%)、发热2例(15.4%)、体重减轻2例(15.4%)、恶心、呕吐1例(7.7%)。

1.2 实验室检查

白细胞计数、血红蛋白、血小板、白蛋白及血清总胆红素均在正常范围。13例患者中有2例(15.4%)天冬氨酸转氨酶升高,3例(23.1%)丙氨酸转氨酶升高,2例(15.4%)血沉升高,4例(30.8%)纤维蛋白原升高,1例(7.7%)乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性。甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、CA199、CA724、CA125、CA153及铁蛋白(FER)等血清肿瘤标志物均无升高。另外1例未见异常。

1.3 影像学检查

本组患者术前检查情况:13例行B型超声检查,表现为边界欠清楚、回声均匀或不均匀的肿物,稍低回声8例,等回声或稍高回声5例,伴有钙化4例,乏血供9例,血供较丰富4例;10例行CT检查,平扫低密度3例、等密度7例,增强扫描均表现为延迟期轻度强化;9例行磁共振成像(MRI)检查,T1显示等或短信号8例,稍高信号1例,T2显示等或短信号5例,稍高信号4例。

1.4 手术情况

肿瘤发生位于肝脏3例,行肝部分切除;位于脾脏1例,行脾切除;位于胃1例,行胃大部切除;位于胰腺尾部1例,行胰体尾+脾切除术;位于降结肠1例,行左半结肠切除;位于小肠1例,行部分小肠切除;位于肠系膜2例,行部分系膜及肿物切除;位于大网膜1例,行大网膜切除;位于腹膜后2例,行肿物切除术。术后患者恢复良好,无严重并发症及围手术期死亡。

1.5 术后复查

术后患者每3~6月复查肝肾功能、胸部X线片、腹部B型超声、腹部增强CT或核磁共振,必要时行核素骨扫描检查。

1.6 统计学方法

应用SPSS17.0统计软件进行统计分析,正态分布的计量资料以(x±s)表示,偏态分布计量资料以中位数(M)描述离散程度。

2 结果 2.1 术后病理情况

肿瘤直径2~20 cm[平均(6.6±3.8)cm,中位6.5 cm]。界限清楚或呈多结节融合,切面呈灰红色、褐色或灰白色,质软,可见出血、坏死、囊性变等。镜下可见梭形肌纤维母细胞、纤维母细胞和炎性细胞三种基本结构,梭形细胞疏松排列或紧密束状排列,其中可见浆细胞、淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞等炎性细胞浸润,见图 1A1B。免疫组织化学结果判定:阳性细胞数占癌细胞总数5%及以下为阴性(-);>5%~25%为阳性(+);>25%~50%为中度阳性(++);>50%为强阳性(+++)。免疫组织化学检查结果见表 1,本组患者13例行平滑肌肌动蛋白(smooth muscle actin,SMA)检测,结果均为阳性,见图 1C,肌特异性肌动蛋白(muscle-specific actin,MSA)、波形蛋白(vimentin,VIM)也均为阳性。11例行间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase,ALK)检测,6例为阳性(54.5%);8例行Desmin检测,5例为阳性(62.5%);CD34、AE1/AE3、CK18及CK19阳性率28.6%~44.4%;S-100的阳性率为12.7%;P53均为阴性,CD117均为阴性,见图 1D

A, B: the tissue was composed of a myofibroblastic cellular population in a variably collagenous stroma admixed with inflammatory cells (A: HE ×200; B: HE ×400); C: the spindle cells in majority of the case were positive for SMA (IHC ×200); D: CD117 of the case was negative (IHC ×100) 图 1 1例脾肌纤维母细胞瘤患者组织常规病理染色和SMA、CD117免疫组织化学结果 Figure 1 Conventionally pathological staining and immunohistochemistry result of SMA and CD117 for one splenic IMT tissues

表 1 13例腹腔IMT免疫组织化学检测结果 Table 1 Immunohistochemistry results of 13 cases of abdominal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT)

2.2 随访情况

13例患者术后均获随访,随访截止2015年6月,随访时间31~76月,中位随访时间44月。所有患者均生存,1例原发部位为腹膜后的患者(女性,27岁,肿瘤直径8 cm)于术后13月出现局部复发,再次手术后继续随访未复发,其余12例患者无复发或转移。

3 讨论 3.1 流行病学特点

炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤是一种少见的间叶组织肿瘤,最常发生于肺脏,肝、脾、胰腺、胃、小肠、结直肠、膀胱、肾、网膜、肠系膜、乳腺等肺外脏器或组织也有报道[1-3]。该病可见于任何年龄,好发于青少年或年轻成年人[4-5]。本组患者发病的中位年龄为24岁,稍高于文献报道,可能与中国医学科学院肿瘤医院收治儿童患者较少有关。文献报道女性患者比例稍高于男性,本组患者女性与男性比例为1.6:1,与文献报道相似[4-5]

3.2 发病原因

IMT的发病因素包括感染(EB病毒、人类疱疹病毒等感染),梗死,继发于创伤或凝血功能障碍的间质出血、坏死,白介素-6过表达导致的免疫反应等[6-7]。近年研究显示,约50%的IMT具有ALK基因的克隆性重排,导致ALK蛋白的激活表达[8]。除ALK外,也有研究发现RANBP2基因重排与IMT的发病有关[9]

3.3 临床表现和影像学特点

腹部IMT常见的症状为局部疼痛和发热,位于肝脏者可伴有肝功能损害,累及胃肠道者可出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻、出血、梗阻等消化道症状,也可出现乏力、食欲下降、消瘦等症状;较表浅或直径较大的肿瘤触诊可及质硬肿物;部分患者可伴有纤维蛋白原升高、血沉增高[4, 10]。胃肠间质瘤可有早饱、腹痛或腹胀等腹部不适、腹腔内出血、消化道出血及贫血相关的疲乏,有部分患者表现为急腹症(由于肿瘤破裂、消化道梗阻或阑尾炎样的疼痛)[11]。超声多表现为边界欠清的均匀或不均匀的等或低回声实性占位;CT平扫病灶表现为实性软组织密度,增强扫描呈均匀或不均匀的轻度至中度强化,多为周边强化;核磁扫描T1WI序列表现以等信号为主,T2WI序列表现为边界欠清的等或稍高信号,增强扫描为均匀或不均匀强化,少数表现为边缘向中央强化,液化坏死区则强化[12-15]

3.4 病理特征

肺外IMT平均直径6 cm,范围1~17 cm,多无包膜,边界清楚或多结节状,肿瘤切面多灰白灰黄色或褐色,少数病例有出血、坏死、囊性变和钙化,肿瘤质地由细嫩到质韧不等[2, 4]。梭形肌纤维细胞、纤维母细胞和炎性细胞构成IMT的三种基本结构,镜下表现为黏液性或胶原性基质中束状或编织状排列的梭形细胞伴炎性细胞浸润,主要为浆细胞和淋巴细胞,伴有少量中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞[16-17]。IMT曾被命名为炎性假瘤,近年来一系列的研究显示,IMT是真性肿瘤[18-19]。WHO软组织肿瘤国际组织学分类专家组将IMT分类为中间型肿瘤。SMA、MSA、Vim免疫组织化学染色一般呈阳性[4]。Desmin染色60%~70%阳性,ALK染色30%~65%阳性[20]。ALK是一种受体酪氨酸激酶,位于染色体2p23[21]。IMT的发生可能与ALK基因的克隆性重排有关。

3.5 治疗和预后

手术完整切除肿瘤是根治腹腔IMT的主要方式,绝大多数孤立型肿瘤能够得到根治性切除,复发的主要原因是未完整切除,多发生于术后1年内[22]。本组13例患者,1例于术后13月复发,再次手术后无复发。IMT术后复发率为14%,5%可发生术后远处器官转移,常见的转移部位是肺、脑、肝脏和骨骼。其他治疗包括非甾体抗炎药、类固醇激素、放疗、化疗,仅限于病例报道,疗效不确切。研究者将ALK小分子ATP竞争性抑制剂crizotinib用于ALK阳性的IMT,结果显示crizotinib在治疗ALK阳性的IMT具有一定疗效[23]

WHO将IMT归为中间性、少数可转移类肿瘤,腹腔IMT临床表现和影像学检查无明显特异性,诊断依赖病理学检查,免疫组织化学检测Vim、SMA、MSA一般为阳性,部分患者ALK阳性。腹腔IMT预后良好,以手术治疗为主,复发及转移少见。

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