中国中西医结合影像学杂志   2026, Vol. 24 Issue (1): 29-34
针刺对脑卒中后偏瘫患者抑郁相关脑区静息态fMRI特征的影响[PDF全文]
许天骄1 , 陆梦馨2 , 李媛媛3 , 张慕昭2 , 邹忆怀3 , 方继良1
1. 中国中医科学院广安门医院放射科, 北京 100053;
2. 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院中医科, 北京 100020;
3. 北京中医药大学东直门医院脑病科, 北京 100700
摘要目的: 运用静息态fMRI探索单侧基底节和/或放射冠区域急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)抑郁相关脑区静息态fMRI特征。方法: 纳入43例AIS患者,运用随机数字表法随机分为真穴组23例和假穴组20例。真穴组行手足十二针针刺,假穴组行经穴旁开1寸针刺,针刺干预2周,针刺5 d,休息2 d,共10次。2组针刺前后分别行Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表(FMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分和静息态fMRI扫描。分析2组针刺前后局部一致性(ReHo)值存在显著差异的脑区。结果: 针刺后,真穴组FMA评分升高,HAMD评分降低(均P < 0.05);假穴组FMA评分和HAMD评分与针刺前差异均无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)。针刺后,真穴组左颞中回、左颞上回、右颞上回的ReHo值升高,右额上回、右角回、左额上回的ReHo值降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05,FWE校正);假穴组右额上回、右额中回、左额中回、左中央后回的ReHo值升高,右顶下回、右角回的ReHo值降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05,FWE校正)。与假穴组相比,真穴组针刺后左额中回、右额中回、左楔前叶、左顶下回的ReHo值升高,右楔前叶、右角回的ReHo值降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05,FWE校正)。结论: 手足十二针主要通过激活AIS患者双侧颞中回、颞上回、额上回、角回、楔前叶、顶下回发挥情绪调控作用,左侧半球相关脑区在康复过程中存在优先激活,ReHo变化是卒中后抑郁临床诊断和疗效评估的影像学特征。
关键词卒中    抑郁    手足十二针    局部一致性    静息态功能磁共振    
Effect of acupuncture on resting-state fMRI features of depression-related brain regions in post-stroke hemiplegic patients
XU Tianjiao1 , LU Mengxin2 , LI Yuanyuan3 , ZHANG Muzhao2 , ZOU Yihuai3 , FANG Jiliang1
1. Department of Radiology, Guang'anmen Hospital of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China;
2. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China;
3. Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
Abstract: Objective: To explore the resting-state fMRI characteristics of depression-related brain regions in patients with unilateral basal ganglia and/or corona radiata acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: A total of 43 AIS patients were included and randomly divided into a true-acupoint group (23 cases) and a sham-acupoint group (20 cases) using a random number table method. The true-acupoint group was given acupuncture with twelve needles for hands and feet, while the sham-acupoint group was given acupuncture with a 1-cun opening next to the acupoints. Two groups of patients were given acupuncture intervention for 2 weeks, 5 days of acupuncture and 2 days of rest, totaling 10 times. Both groups underwent FMA, HAMD scoring and resting-state fMRI scans before and after acupuncture intervention. And the brain regions with significant differences in regional homogeneity (ReHo) values before and after acupuncture were compared between the two groups. Results: After acupuncture, the FMA score in the true-acupoint group increased while the HAMD score decreased (both P < 0.05), but there were no statistical differences in the FMA or HAMD scores in the sham-acupoint group compared with pre-acupuncture (both P > 0.05). After acupuncture, the ReHo values in the left middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and right superior frontal gyrus of the true-acupoint group increased, and the ReHo values in the right superior frontal gyrus, right angular gyrus, and left superior frontal gyrus decreased, with statistical differences (all P < 0.05, FWE-corrected). While in the sham-acupoint group, the ReHo values in the right superior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and left posterior central gyrus increased, and the ReHo values in the right parietal inferior gyrus and right angular gyrus decreased, with statistical differences (all P < 0.05, FWE-corrected). Compared with the sham-acupoint group, the ReHo values in the left middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, left precuneus, and left parietal inferior gyrus in the true-acupoint group increased, and the ReHo values in the right precuneus and right angular gyrus decreased, and the differences were all statistically significant (all P < 0.05, FWE-corrected). Conclusions: The twelve needles for hands and feet therapy mainly exerts its emotional regulation effect by activating the bilateral middle and superior temporal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, angular gyrus, precuneus and inferior parietal gyrus in AIS patients. The relevant brain regions in the left hemisphere show preferential activation during the rehabilitation process. The ReHo changes are imaging features for the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of post-stroke depression.
Key words: Stroke    Depression    Twelve needles for hands and feet    Regional homogeneity    Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging    

急性缺血性脑卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)具有高发病率、高死亡率和高致残率的特点,严重影响患者身心健康[1]。抑郁是AIS发生后的常见精神障碍,在AIS恢复各阶段发病率为20%~60%,对运动功能康复产生不利影响,显著增加复发风险[2-3]。针刺通过促进中枢神经再生、调节缺血灶血流等途径,提高AIS后偏瘫患者独立性,改善整体神经功能缺损及运动、认知等特定功能[4]。手足十二针在卒中后偏瘫患者康复过程中具有显著疗效。fMRI技术因空间分辨力高、参数选择范围广、信号来源直接等优势[5],可用于分析缺血性脑疾病成像特征。目前,手足十二针干预后,AIS患者抑郁相关脑区激活特征尚不明确,缺乏临床诊断和疗效评估的影像学机制。因此,本研究通过静息态fMRI探讨单侧基底节和/或放射冠区域AIS抑郁相关脑区的静息态fMRI特征。

1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料

收集2018年12月至2024年5月北京中医药大学东直门医院的AIS住院患者。纳入标准:①符合《中国急性缺血性卒中诊治指南2023》[6]中AIS的诊断标准;②发病时间在1.5个月内;③偏瘫患者,病灶位于放射冠和/或基底节;④右利手;⑤年龄40~75岁;⑥无意识障碍,病情相对平稳;⑦近1个月未服用精神类药物;⑧患者或家属签署知情同意书。

排除标准:①合并心血管、高血压、消化系统、造血系统、肝、肾等严重原发性疾病,且病情控制不稳定者;②精神病患者、过敏体质,易合并感染及出血者;③孕妇、哺乳期及经期妇女;④不能配合检查或有幽闭恐惧症等MRI检查禁忌证;⑤在MRI扫描中发现严重的头颅解剖结构不对称或有其他明确病变;⑥1个月内参加过类似神经影像学试验者。

共纳入43例,男29例,女14例;年龄42~75岁,平均(60.25±10.39)岁。运用随机数字表法将43例患者分为真穴组(23例)和假穴组(20例)。收集2组针刺前后的Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表(Fugl-Meyer assessment scale,FMA)评分和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression rating scale,HAMD)评分。本研究经北京中医药大学东直门医院伦理委员会批准(批号:DZMEC-KY-2018-04),已在中国临床试验注册中心注册(注册号:ChICTR1800016263)。

1.2 针刺方法

针刺操作由同一位有3年针刺经验的医师完成,选穴定位参照《经穴名称与定位:GB/T 12346—2021》[7]执行。使用华佗牌针灸针(规格0.3 mm×40 mm),真穴组行手足十二针组穴针刺,即双侧合谷(LI4)、内关(PC6)、曲池(LI11)、足三里(ST36)、阳陵泉(GB34)、三阴交(SP6);假穴组取上述穴位旁开1寸假穴针刺。诸穴以毫针留针治疗,直刺进针,进针深度以针刺医师针下感觉明显阻滞感为宜。各穴均直刺1寸,真穴组得气后、假穴组行捻转补泻手法后留针30 min,针刺干预2周,针刺5 d,每日1次,间隔2 d后再针刺5 d,共10次。

1.3 仪器与方法

患者在针刺干预前后分别行静息态fMRI扫描。采用Siemens Novus 3.0 T超导MRI扫描仪。患者取仰卧位,固定头部,保持视听封闭状态。扫描序列及参数:①结构成像采用矢状位T1WI序列,层数176,时间点1,TR 1 900 ms,TE 2.52 ms,矩阵256×256,层厚1.0 mm,视野256 mm×256 mm,翻转角9°,扫描时间4 min 10 s。②BOLD成像采用轴位T2WI序列,层数31,时间点179,TR 2 000 ms,TE 30 ms,矩阵64×64,层厚5.0 mm,视野225 mm×225 mm,翻转角90°,扫描时间8 min 10 s。

在Matlab 2023b平台应用SPM 12(https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/)和DPARSF 5.4(http://rfmri.org/dpabi)工具包对图像数据行预处理。基于预处理后数据,应用DPARSF 5.4工具包行局部一致性(regional homogeneity,ReHo)分析:通过计算每个体素时间序列与其相连的体素时间序列的肯德尔和谐系数,得出ReHo值除以全脑平均值,获得标准化ReHo值,绘制每位患者基于脑表面的Z分数化局部一致性(surface-based z-scored regional homogeneity,szReHo)图。

1.4 统计学方法

使用SPSS 23.0软件行数据分析。计量资料组间比较行独立样本t检验,计数资料组间比较行χ2检验。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

通过Matlab平台DPABI工具包中统计分析模块(http://rfmri.org/dpabi)对2组ReHo值行配对样本t检验,获取t值统计图。使用FWE校正对统计结果行多重比较校正,体素水平P < 0.001,团块水平P < 0.05,通过自动解剖标记(automated anatomical labeling,AAL)模板展示结果,获取差异脑区。

2 结果 2.1 2组人口学资料比较

真穴组与假穴组性别、年龄、身高、体质量差异均无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)(表 1)。

表 1 2组人口学资料比较

2.2 针刺前后临床量表评分组内比较

针刺后,真穴组FMA评分升高、HAMD评分降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05);假穴组FMA评分、HAMD评分与针刺前比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)(表 2)。

表 2 针刺前后临床量表评分组内比较(分,x±s

2.3 针刺前后2组ReHo比较

针刺后,真穴组左颞中回、左颞上回、右颞上回的ReHo值升高,右额中回、右角回、左额上回的ReHo值降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05,FWE校正)(表 3图 1)。针刺后,假穴组右额上回、右额中回、左额中回、左中央后回的ReHo值升高,右顶下回、右角回的ReHo值降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05,FWE校正)(表 3图 2)。与假穴组相比,真穴组左额中回、右额中回、左楔前叶、左顶下回的ReHo值升高,右楔前叶、右角回的ReHo值降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05,FWE校正)(表 3图 3)。

表 3 2组针刺前后组内与组间ReHo值差异脑区

注:真穴组针刺前后差异脑区为左颞中回、左颞上回、右颞上回、右额中回、右角回、左额上回 图 1 真穴组针刺后的局部一致性(ReHo)值差异脑区

注:假穴组针刺前后差异脑区为右额上回、右额中回、左额中回、左中央后回、右顶下回、右角回 图 2 假穴组针刺后的ReHo值差异脑区

注:真穴组与假穴组针刺后差异脑区为左额中回、右额中回、左楔前叶、左顶下回、右楔前叶、右角回 图 3 真穴组与假穴组针刺后的ReHo值差异脑区

3 讨论

偏瘫是AIS面临的主要问题,很多患者急性期后仍存在运动功能障碍。AIS后抑郁易被忽略,可造成患者生活质量降低[8]。近年来,对AIS康复关注点由结构恢复逐步转向功能重塑[9],然而针刺对于促进AIS后抑郁改善和促进偏瘫康复的中枢效应机制尚未明确,探讨AIS后抑郁的影像学特征和脑效应机制具有医学、心理、社会多重意义。FMA评分因其良好的响应度、可信度及稳定性被广泛应于AIS患者运动功能评价[10];HAMD评分用于评估AIS患者病期抑郁、认知变动情况[11];ReHo用于描述静息态fMRI研究中局部功能特征,反映神经元活动的一致性[12-14],技术应用成熟。因此,本研究从双侧抑郁相关脑区功能“恢复-代偿”角度出发,结合临床量表评价结局,基于ReHo分析,采用可视化方法研究针刺干预前后双侧大脑功能变化特征,探讨针刺治疗AIS偏瘫的中枢效应机制,为更好地将针灸应用于AIS偏瘫患者的治疗提供数据支持。

本研究中,针刺后,真穴组左颞中回、左颞上回、右颞上回的ReHo值升高,右额中回、右角回、左额上回的ReHo值降低;假穴组右额上回、右额中回、左额中回、左中央后回的ReHo值升高,右顶下回、右角回的ReHo值降低,差异均有统计学意义;与假穴组比较,真穴组左额中回、右额中回、左楔前叶、左顶下回的ReHo值升高,右楔前叶、右角回的ReHo值降低。量表评估显示,针刺后,真穴组FMA评分、HAMD评分改善显著,假穴组FMA评分、HAMD评分无明显改善。上述结果提示,手足十二针疗程干预在促进运动功能恢复的同时,可通过激活抑郁相关脑区发挥缓解发病后抑郁、焦虑情绪的作用。

颞中回是社交大脑网络关键,在感觉感知、情感控制、认知功能等多种社交任务发挥重要作用[15]。研究表明,左颞极中回内部及与脑区间联动减弱,是社交焦虑障碍患者对他人情感威胁错误感知的基础[16],这与本研究结果一致。额上回是情绪信息整合和调节的核心区域[17],参与嫉妒、后悔等负面情绪体验[18]和快感产生[19]过程,其形态结构变化与顺序决策、反思评价、社交焦虑等任务执行水平密切关联,成功情绪调节取决于额上回对参与情绪调控的皮质自上而下的控制[16, 20]。颞上回参与自发思维、情景记忆和情绪处理等认知活动,是非焦虑性抑郁症关键脑区[21],表面积和功能连接与重症抑郁发作及症状表现相关[22-23],灰质体积变化是重症抑郁患者非自杀性自残的预测因素,提示颞上回在冲动行为中的重要作用[24]。角回是一个多模态信息输入整合区域,与语义记忆、情景记忆、自上而下的注意力等高阶认知相关[25],深度参与理解外部环境和形成内部认知的意义构建过程[26],在事件语义和模式表达中发挥关键作用,是重建自传体记忆或设想未来可能发生事件所必需的神经计算区域[27]。顶下回和髓质间功能连接增加与抑郁症患者负面情绪异常控制有关[28],在处理认知控制方面表现出与额顶网络不同的功能[29]

本研究存在的不足:①样本量偏小,结果存在部分偏倚。②未分析即刻刺激、组穴变化和手法刺激对脑机制影响差异。③仅观察静息态fMRI下ReHo值的变化,指标相对单一。在今后研究中,将以随机对照试验报告统一标准(consolidated standards of reporting trail,CONSORT)声明和针刺临床试验干预措施报告(standards for reporting interventions in clinical trails of acupuncture,STRICTA)共识报告计划为基础[30],严格细化干预过程,增加观察和随访步骤,采集脑卒中后抑郁患者动脉自旋标记、波谱成像等指标进行统计分析,提高本研究科学价值和序贯性,为手足十二针应用于单侧运动环路损伤患者提供更可靠的影像学依据。

综上所述,手足十二针主要通过激活AIS患者双侧颞中回、颞上回、额上回、角回、楔前叶、顶下回发挥情绪调控作用,左侧半球相关脑区在康复过程中存在优先激活,ReHo变化是卒中后抑郁临床诊断和疗效评估的影像学特征。

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