中国医科大学学报  2025, Vol. 54 Issue (5): 442-447

文章信息

郭晓冬, 张海云, 孙秋愿, 方居正
GUO Xiaodong, ZHANG Haiyun, SUN Qiuyuan, FANG Juzheng
TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值对老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者PCI术后支架内再狭窄的预测价值
Predictive value of the TG/HDL-C and MPV/PC ratios for in-stent restenosis after PCI in elderly patients with coronary heart disease
中国医科大学学报, 2025, 54(5): 442-447
Journal of China Medical University, 2025, 54(5): 442-447

文章历史

收稿日期:2024-06-03
网络出版时间:2025-05-20 09:19:36
TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值对老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者PCI术后支架内再狭窄的预测价值
郭晓冬1 , 张海云1 , 孙秋愿1 , 方居正2     
1. 平煤神马医疗集团总医院心血管内科,河南 平顶山 467099;
2. 平顶山中医医院心血管内科,河南 平顶山 467099
摘要目的 探讨甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(TG/HDL-C)比值联合血小板平均体积/血小板计数(MPV/PC)比值对老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后支架内再狭窄(ISR)的预测价值。方法 选取平煤神马医疗集团总医院2021年1月至2023年1月收治的240例老年冠心病患者,根据PCI术后6个月是否发生ISR分为ISR组(36例)与非ISR组(204例)。比较2组临床资料,TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值,采用Pearson相关性分析评估TG/HDL-C比值与MPV/PC比值的相关性,多因素logistic回归分析TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值与PCI术后ISR的关系,受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(AUC)评价TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值对老年冠心病PCI术后ISR的预测价值。结果 2组糖尿病、高血压、冠状动脉狭窄程度、支架直径比较,有统计学差异(P < 0.05);ISR组TG、MPV、TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值高于非ISR组,HDL-C、PC低于非ISR组(P < 0.05);TG/HDL-C比值与MPV/PC比值呈正相关(P < 0.05);TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值与老年冠心病PCI术后ISR独立相关(P < 0.05);TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值预测老年冠心病PCI术后ISR的AUC分别为0.759、0.784,联合预测的AUC为0.921,优于两者单独预测。结论 TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值与老年冠心病PCI术后ISR显著相关,联合预测价值可靠。
Predictive value of the TG/HDL-C and MPV/PC ratios for in-stent restenosis after PCI in elderly patients with coronary heart disease
1. Cardiovascular Department, Pingmei Shenma Medical Group General Hospital, Pingdingshan 467099, China;
2. Cardiovascular Department, Pingdingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Pingdingshan 467099, China
Abstract: Objective To explore the predictive value of the triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio combined with the mean platelet volume/platelet count (MPV/PC) ratio for in-stent restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in elderly patients with coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 240 elderly patients with coronary heart disease admitted at the Pingmei Shenma Medical Group General Hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected and divided into the ISR (36 cases) and non-ISR (204 cases) groups based on whether ISR occurred 6 months after PCI. The clinical data, TG/HDL-C ratio, and MPV/PC ratio of the two groups were compared, and Pearson's correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the TG/HDL-C and MPV/PC ratios. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the TG/HDL-C ratio, MPV/PC ratio, and ISR after PCI. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the predictive value of the TG/HDL-C and MPV/PC ratios for ISR after PCI in older patients with coronary heart disease. Results There were statistically significant differences in the comparisons of diabetes, hypertension, the degree of coronary artery stenosis, and stent diameter between the two groups (P < 0.05); the ISR group had higher TG levels, MPV levels, TG/HDL-C ratios, and MPV/PC ratios, and lower HDL-C and PC levels compared to the non-ISR group (P < 0.05); the TG/HDL-C ratio was positively correlated with the MPV/PC ratio (P < 0.05); the TG/HDL-C and MPV/PC ratios were independently associated with ISR after PCI in older patients with coronary heart disease (P < 0.05); and the AUC for predicting ISR after PCI in older patients with coronary heart disease was 0.759 and 0.784 for the TG/HDL-C and MPV/PC ratios, respectively, and the combined prediction showed an AUC of 0.921, which was superior to that of either alone. Conclusion The TG/HDL-C and MPV/PC ratios were significantly correlated with ISR in elderly patients with coronary heart disease after PCI, and their combined predictive value was reliable.

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)能快速开通冠状动脉血管,恢复心肌血流灌注,是临床公认的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)最有效的治疗方式[1]。然而,大量研究[2-3]证实,PCI无法纠正冠状动脉粥样硬化的病理基础,且术中操作会损伤血管内皮组织,导致术后支架内再狭窄(in-stent restenosis,ISR)风险升高,严重影响预后。因此,PCI术后ISR的早期识别和预防有重要意义。血脂紊乱是加速冠状动脉粥样硬化形成与发展的重要机制之一。研究[4-5]表明,高水平甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)和低水平高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)均与冠心病的发展密切相关;平均血小板体积(mean platelet volume,MPV)和血小板计数(platelet count,PC)的变化与冠心病病变程度密切相关。目前尚未有研究报道TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值对老年冠心病PCI术后ISR的影响。鉴于此,本研究探讨了TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值对老年冠心病PCI术后ISR的预测价值,旨在为临床开展早期防治工作提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法 1.1 一般资料

选取平煤神马医疗集团总医院2021年1月至2023年1月收治的240例老年冠心病患者。纳入标准:年龄≥60岁;均经冠状动脉造影检查证实为冠心病,符合冠心病诊断标准[6];均具备PCI术适应证且行PCI术。排除标准:合并心包炎、心肌炎、心脏瓣膜疾病等其他心脏疾病;合并肝肾功能不全、血液系统疾病及全身免疫性疾病;合并恶性肿瘤;正在感染新型冠状病毒肺炎。本研究获得平煤神马医疗集团总医院伦理委员会批准,患者及家属均知情并签订知情同意书。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 临床资料收集

收集所有患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、合并糖尿病、高血压、吸烟史、饮酒史、冠心病家族史、病变支数、PCI时机、支架数量、支架长度、冠状动脉狭窄程度、支架直径等。

1.2.2 TG/HDL-C比值与MPV/PC比值检测

于PCI术前清晨空腹状态下抽取3 mL肘部静脉血样本2份,1份置入离心管,3 500 r/min离心处理10 min,取上清液,置于-70 ℃恒温冰箱内备用。采用DF-403全自动生化检测仪及配套试剂盒[优特(广州)医疗器械投资有限公司]检测TG、HDL-C水平,计算TG/HDL-C比值。另1份置入抗凝管,采用Sysmex XN2000全自动血细胞分析仪及其配套试剂(德国西门子公司)检测MPV、PC,计算MPV/PC比值。

1.2.3 ISR判定方法

术后6个月行冠状动脉造影检查,支架置入段血管内径狭窄≥50%判定为ISR,< 50%判定为非ISR[7]。根据术后6个月是否发生ISR分为ISR组(n = 36)和非ISR组(n = 204)。

1.3 统计学分析

采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,计量资料以x±s表示,采用t检验比较;计数资料以率(%)表示,采用χ2检验比较;采用Pearson相关性分析TG/HDL-C比值与MPV/PC比值的相关性;采用多因素logistic回归分析TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值与PCI术后ISR的关系;TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值对老年冠心病PCI术后ISR的预测价值采用受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)进行分析。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 2组临床资料比较

2组年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟史、饮酒史、冠心病家族史、病变支数、PCI时机、支架数量、支架长度比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);2组糖尿病、高血压、冠状动脉狭窄程度、支架直径比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见表 1

表 1 2组临床资料比较 Tab.1 Comparison of clinical data between the two groups
Item ISR group(n = 36) Non-ISR group(n = 204) t2 P
Sex[n(%)] 0.077 0.782
   Male 21(58.33) 124(60.78)
   Female 15(41.67) 80(39.22)
Age(year) 67.35±4.78 67.71±5.07 0.396 0.692
BMI(kg/m2 21.69±1.53 21.44±1.34 1.010 0.314
Smoking history[n(%)] 11(30.56) 54(26.47) 0.259 0.611
Drinking history[n(%)] 14(38.89) 72(35.29) 0.172 0.678
Hypertension[n(%)] 19(52.78) 43(21.08) 16.048 < 0.001
Diabetes[n(%)] 12(33.33) 24(11.76) 11.165 < 0.001
Family history of coronary heart disease[n(%)] 11(30.56) 56(27.45) 0.147 0.702
Lesion count[n(%)] 0.291 0.771
   Single branch 10(27.78) 59(28.92)
   Double branch 15(41.67) 89(43.63)
   Multiple 11(30.56) 56(27.45)
Degree of coronary stenosis[n(%)] 2.611 0.009
   Mild stenosis 4(11.11) 50(24.51)
   Moderate stenosis 12(33.33) 87(42.65)
   Severe stenosis 17(47.22) 61(29.90)
   Block 3(8.33) 6(2.94)
PCI timing[n(%)] 0.147 0.701
   Emergency treatment 25(69.44) 135(66.18)
   To choose a good time 11(30.56) 69(33.82)
Number of brackets 1.52±0.37 1.48±0.40 0.559 0.577
Support length(mm) 36.28±9.45 35.35±10.13 0.513 0.609
Support diameter(mm) 3.11±0.28 3.27±0.21 3.993 < 0.001

2.2 2组TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值比较

ISR组TG,MPV,TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值高于非ISR组,HDL-C、PC低于非ISR组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见表 2

表 2 2组TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值比较 Tab.2 Comparison of TG/HDL-C and MPV/PC ratios between the two groups
Index ISR group(n = 36) Non-ISR group(n = 204) t P
TG(mmol/L) 2.24±0.31 1.93±0.29 5.852 < 0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.03±0.18 1.21±0.23 4.458 < 0.001
TG/HDL-C ratio 2.17±0.69 1.60±0.51 5.836 < 0.001
MPV(fL) 11.26±1.05 10.37±0.83 5.686 < 0.001
PC(×109/L) 162.57±40.58 193.44±36.27 4.623 < 0.001
MPV/PC ratio 0.069±0.024 0.054±0.015 4.989 < 0.001

2.3 TG/HDL-C比值与MPV/PC比值的相关性(图 1
A, ISR group; B, non-ISR group. 图 1 TG/HDL-C比值与MPV/PC比值的相关性 Fig.1 Correlation between TG/HDL-C and MPV/PC ratios

Pearson相关性分析结果显示,ISR组、非ISR组TG/HDL-C比值与MPV/PC比值均呈正相关(P < 0.05)。

2.4 TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值与PCI术后ISR的关系

以老年冠心病PCI术后是否发生ISR作为因变量,糖尿病、高血压、冠状动脉狭窄程度、支架直径、TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值作为自变量进行logistic回归分析,结果显示,糖尿病、高血压、冠状动脉狭窄程度、支架直径、TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值与老年冠心病PCI术后ISR独立相关(P < 0.05);将糖尿病、高血压、冠状动脉狭窄程度、支架直径等其他因素校正后,结果显示,TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值仍与老年冠心病PCI术后ISR独立相关(P < 0.05),见表 3

表 3 TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值与PCI术后ISR的关系 Tab.3 Relationship between TG/HDL-C ratio, MPV/PC ratio, and ISR after PCI
Independent variable β SE Wald χ2 OR 95%CI P
Before correction
   Diabetes 1.853 0.507 13.353 6.377 2.859-14.223 < 0.001
   Hypertension 1.999 0.558 12.833 7.381 3.058-17.816 < 0.001
   Degree of coronary stenosis -0.557 0.146 14.579 0.573 0.427-0.768 < 0.001
   Support diameter 1.732 0.491 12.442 5.651 1.953-16.354 < 0.001
   TG/HDL-C ratio 1.889 0.507 13.885 6.614 2.511-17.423 < 0.001
   MPV/PC ratio 1.778 0.475 14.012 5.918 2.541-13.785 < 0.001
   Constant -0.481 0.127 14.320 - - < 0.001
After correction
   TG/HDL-C ratio 1.635 0.510 10.279 5.130 1.764-14.920 < 0.001
   MPV/PC ratio 1.789 0.528 11.481 5.984 2.231-16.048 < 0.001
   Constant -0.377 0.103 13.257 - - < 0.001

2.5 TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值对老年冠心病PCI术后ISR的预测价值

ROC曲线分析结果显示,TG/HDL-C比值预测老年冠心病PCI术后ISR的AUC为0.759(95%CI:0.672~0.832),约登指数为0.462,最佳截断值为1.96,灵敏度为66.67%,特异度为80.88%;MPV/PC比值预测老年冠心病PCI术后ISR的AUC为0.784(95%CI:0.699~0.854),约登指数为0.404,最佳截断值为0.060,灵敏度为50.00%,特异度为90.20%,见图 2

图 2 TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值对老年冠心病PCI术后ISR的预测价值 Fig.2 Predictive values of TG/HDL-C and MPV/PC ratios for ISR in older patients with coronary heart disease after PCI

2.6 联合预测价值

根据校正其他因素后的logistic回归分析结果构建TG/HDL-C比值与MPV/PC比值联合预测模型并绘制ROC曲线,结果显示,TG/HDL-C比值与MPV/PC比值联合预测老年冠心病PCI术后ISR的AUC为0.921(95%CI:0.857~0.962),约登指数为0.704,灵敏度为88.89%,特异度为81.86%,优于两者单独预测,见图 3

图 3 联合预测价值 Fig.3 Joint predictive values

3 讨论

血脂代谢异常是冠状动脉粥样硬化发生发展过程中的重要机制之一,在冠心病病程进展中发挥重要作用。王黎等[8]研究表明,与TG、HDL-C相比,TG/HDL-C比值与冠心病患者致病风险之间的关系更显著。本研究结果显示,ISR组TG、TG/HDL-C比值高于非ISR组,HDL-C低于非ISR组,考虑与以下作用机制有关:高水平TG具有促炎作用,乳糜微粒和LDL-C中的TG能够加重血管内皮细胞炎症反应、增加血管内膜通透性,促进冠状动脉病变发展,同时炎症反应在冠状动脉病变中也具有促进作用,这就导致TG升高时冠状动脉狭窄风险进一步增加;HDL-C作为肝脏合成的重要代谢物质,作用机制与TG完全相反,具有减少机体胆固醇的作用,能够降低冠状动脉粥样硬化风险,而高水平的TG会导致HDL-C水平下降,造成其对冠状动脉病变的保护作用减弱甚至消失,最终间接加快冠状动脉狭窄[9-10]。本研究结果显示,TG/HDL-C比值与老年冠心病PCI术后ISR独立相关,提示TG/HDL-C比值可作为老年冠心病PCI术后ISR的独立预测因子。

MPV可以反映血小板大小,PC是反映血小板数量的主要指标,两者与血小板活化功能密切相关。程保玲等[11]研究发现,MPV/PC比值是冠心病PCI术后发生主要心血管不良事件的独立危险因素。本研究结果显示,ISR组MPV、MPV/PC比值高于非ISR组,PC低于非ISR组。血小板在冠心病发生发展的病理生理过程中有着至关重要的作用,在冠状动脉粥样硬化部位的血小板通常会被过度消耗,导致PC减少,加快血小板生成素合成,促进新的血小板生成,新生成的血小板具有体积更大、线粒体含量更多、活化能力更强等特点,从而导致MPV水平升高,加快血小板在冠状动脉病变部位的黏附聚集,进而更易再次引发血栓[12-13]。MPV/PC比值的升高会使机体合成反应性较强的血小板,并伴随着强烈的血栓形成倾向,同时还能释放大量炎症介质,加重微循环损伤,导致冠状动脉病变恶化[14]。本研究还发现,MPV/PC比值与老年冠心病PCI术后ISR独立相关,具有独立预测老年冠心病PCI术后ISR的能力,提示临床应将MPV/PC比值作为预测因子。

本研究结果显示,ISR组、非ISR组TG/HDL-C比值与MPV/PC比值均呈正相关,且两者联合预测PCI术后ISR的AUC高达0.921,能可靠地预测ISR发生风险。不足之处是本研究无法排除未能考虑到的因素对结果的影响、缺乏对血小板功能及其他血脂成分的检测分析,可能会导致数据存在一定偏倚,同时随访时间较短无法获取远期随访结果,今后需扩大样本量,并延长随访时间。

综上所述,TG/HDL-C、MPV/PC比值与老年冠心病PCI术后ISR显著相关,联合预测价值可靠。

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