中国医科大学学报  2022, Vol. 51 Issue (9): 832-835

文章信息

张艳, 富威, 张丽君, 王亚柱, 颜晓菁, 王萍萍
ZHANG Yan, FU Wei, ZHANG Lijun, WANG Yazhu, YAN Xiaojing, WANG Pingping
CD64指数、降钙素原与细胞因子在脓毒症诊疗中的价值
The therapeutic value of CD64 index and procalcitonin and cytokine levels in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis
中国医科大学学报, 2022, 51(9): 832-835
Journal of China Medical University, 2022, 51(9): 832-835

文章历史

收稿日期:2021-11-09
网络出版时间:2022-08-15 10:04
CD64指数、降钙素原与细胞因子在脓毒症诊疗中的价值
中国医科大学附属第一医院血液科, 沈阳 110001
摘要目的 探讨中性粒细胞CD64指数、降钙素原(PCT)与细胞因子在重症监护病房(ICU)感染患者并发脓毒症的临床诊疗中的价值。方法 选取ICU病房85例感染患者,其中脓毒症患者62例,非脓毒症患者23例,分别统计CD64指数、PCT、细胞因子等资料;同期健康者100例作为CD64指数对照组。结果 与对照组相比,CD64指数在脓毒症组及非脓毒症组表达均增高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);与非脓毒症感染组相比,CD64指数、PCT、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-6在脓毒症组表达增高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线显示,CD64指数、PCT、CRP、IL-6及四者联合诊断脓毒症曲线下面积分别为0.779、0.730、0.737、0.493、0.813;脓毒症组抗感染治疗好转后,CD64指数、PCT、IL-6、IL-10、γ干扰素(INF-γ)水平明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论 CD64指数可用于感染性疾病的诊断;诊断脓毒症时,CD64指数优于PCT、CRP及IL-6,但四者联合的诊断价值更佳。监测CD64指数、PCT与细胞因子对脓毒症患者疗效观察具有指导意义。
关键词脓毒症    CD64指数    降钙素原    C反应蛋白    细胞因子    
The therapeutic value of CD64 index and procalcitonin and cytokine levels in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis
Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic value of neutrophil CD64 index and levels of procalcitonin (PCT) and cytokines in patients with sepsis who were admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU). Methods Eighty-five infected patients in the ICU were selected. Among them, 62 patients were diagnosed with sepsis and 23 were diagnosed without sepsis. The data on CD64 index and PCT and cytokine levels were analyzed. The CD64 index was obtained in 100 healthy subjects that served as the control group. Results Compared with that of the control group, the CD64 index increased in both the sepsis and non-sepsis groups, and the differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). Compared with the non-sepsis infected group, the CD64 index, C-reactive protein and PCT and IL-6 levels all increased in the sepsis group, and the differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the values of the area under the curve of the CD64 index and levels of PCT, C-reactive protein, IL-6, and the combination of the four markers to detect sepsis were 0.779, 0.730, 0.737, 0.493, and 0.813, respectively. After anti-infective treatment, the CD64 index and levels of PCT, IL-6, IL-10, and INF-γ in sepsis patients significantly decreased compared with those during pretreatment, and the differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusion The CD64 index can be used in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. For the diagnosis of sepsis, the diagnostic value of CD64 index is higher than that of PCT, CRP, and IL-6, but the combined diagnostic value of the four markers is much higher. Monitoring the CD64 index and levels of PCT and cytokines can serve as a guide in the observation of therapeutic effect in sepsis patients.
Keywords: sepsis    CD64 index    procalcitonin    C-reactive protein    cytokine    

脓毒症是由感染所致的全身炎症反应综合征,若病情进展,可引起循环障碍和细胞代谢功能障碍,具有极高的病死率。早期的诊断和治疗对患者的预后极其重要[1]。当前广泛使用的生物标志物有C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)和白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6。近年来,中性粒细胞CD64指数被认为在诊断感染性疾病中具有良好的前景和临床应用价值。本研究通过比较中性粒细胞CD64指数、CRP、PCT以及各项细胞因子对感染性疾病并发脓毒症诊断的价值,旨在为脓毒症的早期诊断及治疗提供参考依据。

1 材料与方法 1.1 一般资料

选取2019年1月至2020年1月我院重症医学科收治的感染性疾病患者85例和同期健康对照者100例为研究对象。其中,感染性疾病组诊断为脓毒症者62例,非脓毒症感染者23例。脓毒症组患者男42例,女20例,平均年龄为(67.89±14.83)岁;非脓毒症感染组患者男16例,女7例,平均年龄为(68.35± 20.38)岁;同期健康对照组中,男43例,女57例,平均年龄为(60.13±12.79)岁。患者在年龄、性别等一般资料方面差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),见表 1。本研究经本院医学伦理委员会审核通过,且各组人员均知情并同意参与本次研究。

表 1 各组CD64指数及一般资料情况比较 Tab.1 Comparison of CD64 index and general data in the control and infected groups
Group n Sex(male/female) Age(x±s,year) CD64 index(x±s
Control group 100 43/57 60.13±12.79 1.50±1.00
Sepsis group 62 42/20 67.89±14.83 18.25±19.391)
Infection group without sepsis 23 16/7 68.35±20.38 5.14±5.631)
1)P < 0.05 compared with control group.

1.2 检测方法

CD64通过流式细胞仪BD CantoⅡ检测。取EDTA-K2抗凝全血50 μL,加入2 μg/mL的CD64-PE抗体和2 μg/mL的CD45-PerCP抗体,避光孵育30 min,加入500 μL溶血剂,在室温下静置10 min,离心倒上清,然后用2 mL PBS重复洗涤2次,再加入300 μL的PBS制成细胞悬液,上流式细胞仪检测。PCT通过罗氏cobas8000检测,CRP采用日立7600检测,血常规采用希森美康血细胞分析仪检测,细胞因子采用流式细胞仪检测。

1.3 统计学分析

采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析,符合正态分布的计量资料以x±s表示,采用独立样本t检验。采用受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线对CD64指数、PCT、CRP、IL-6的单独及联合检测效果进行分析,ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)反映指标的诊断价值。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 CD64指数检测结果分析

与对照组相比,CD64指数在脓毒症组及非脓毒症感染组表达均增高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表 1

2.2 各项指标在脓毒症组与非脓毒症感染组间检测结果的比较

比较CD64指数、PCT、CRP、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比(percentage of neutrophils,NEU%)及细胞因子(IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、γ干扰素(interferon-γ,INF-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)在脓毒症组及非脓毒症感染组间表达情况,见表 2。与非脓毒症感染组相比,CD64指数、PCT、CRP、IL-6在脓毒症组表达均增高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);CRP、白细胞计数、NEU%及其余各项细胞因子(IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、IL-17、INF-γ、TNF)表达在脓毒症组和非脓毒症感染组间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。

表 2 脓毒症组和非脓毒症感染组CD64、PCT、CRP、WBC、NEU%及细胞因子表达情况(x±s Tab.2 The expression of CD64, PCT, CRP, WBC, NEU%, and cytokines in the sepsis and non-sepsis infection groups (x±s)
Parameters Sepsis group(n = 62) Infect group without sepsis(n = 23)
CD64 index 18.25±19.39 5.14±5.631)
CRP(mg/L) 158.08±83.37 95.91±80.411)
PCT(ng/mL) 19.63±32.15 3.07±5.971)
WBC(109/L) 11.85±8.77 12.29±5.94
NEU%(%) 81.82±15.31 81.35±7.72
IL-2(pg/mL) 8.21±12.87 6.19±1.64
IL-4(pg/mL) 9.51±54.69 2.38±2.59
IL-6(pg/mL) 2 144.96±4 371.16 927.61±1 152.621)
IL-10(pg/mL) 341.99±1 834.33 25.66±53.16
IL-17(pg/mL) 9.88±40.06 2.09±7.75
INF-γ(pg/mL) 268.39±1 856.69 1.26±1.87
TNF(pg/mL) 24.54±59.14 25.11±24.61
1)P < 0.05 compared with the sepsis group.

2.3 CD64指数、PCT、CRP、IL-6对脓毒症的诊断价值比较

ROC曲线分析结果显示,CD64指数、PCT、CRP和IL-6的AUC分别为0.779、0.730、0.737和0.493。CD64指数、CRP、PCT、IL-6 4项指标联合检测的AUC为0.813,见图 1。由此可见,CD64指数AUC大于CRP、PCT及IL-6,单独诊断效率最高;当CD64指数、CRP、PCT、IL-6这4项指标联合使用诊断脓毒症时,AUC最大,可提高诊断效率。

图 1 不同指标对脓毒症诊断的ROC曲线 Fig.1 ROC curve depicting the efficiency of different markers in diagnosing sepsis

2.4 脓毒症组治疗前后各项检测指标的比较

脓毒症组中51例患者经抗感染治疗3~7 d,病情好转后复查各项指标,治疗前后相比较,治疗后CD64指数、PCT、IL-6、IL-10、INF-γ水平均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见表 3

表 3 脓毒症组患者抗感染治疗前后情况比较(x±s Tab.3 Comparison of indexes before and after treatment in the sepsis group (x±s)
Parameters Before treatment After treatment
CD64 index 17.60±18.68 6.27±8.541)
CRP(mg/L) 139.48±91.95 103.87±91.48
PCT(ng/mL) 15.29±28.11 3.20±7.721)
WBC(109/L) 12.72±8.61 10.51±5.59
NEU%(%) 84.71±9.22 78.67±11.74
IL-2(pg/mL) 8.14±14.37 6.95±2.97
IL-4(pg/mL) 11.37±60.85 5.64±12.09
IL-6(pg/mL) 1 836.47±3 725.09 470.38±482.151)
IL-10(pg/mL) 115.50±430.74 21.33±40.951)
IL-17(pg/mL) 10.86±44.59 7.87±21.79
INF-γ(pg/mL) 320.25±2 067.24 8.43±27.921)
TNF(pg/mL) 25.40±59.65 19.98±22.84
1)P < 0.05 compared with before treatment.

3 讨论

脓毒症的早期确诊对于疾病转归意义重大,因其早期症状不明显,应尽量采取多种元素确诊。临床常用的炎症指标如WBC、Neu%、CRP等缺乏特异性,在应激、创伤及免疫性疾病中均有不同程度的升高。CD64是免疫球蛋白G的Fc片段Ⅰ型受体,通常情况下,在成熟中性粒细胞表面几乎不表达,而细菌感染时大量表达,4~6 h内水平即可升高[2-3]。研究[4-5]证实脓毒症患者CD64表达明显增加。CONG等[6]的meta分析认为在成人脓毒症诊断中CD64诊断价值优于PCT及IL-6。YIN等[7]对成人脓毒症患者的研究提示CD64为早期诊断及预后评估的重要指标。另有研究[8]表明重症监护病房脓毒症患者CD64表达增高,抗生素治疗有效患者CD64表达逐渐下降。本研究结果显示,与非感染者相比,CD64指数在感染患者中表达增高,在并发脓毒症的患者中表达高于非脓毒症感染患者,抗感染治疗后CD64水平明显下降,与上述研究报道基本一致。

健康人血清中PCT水平极低,当发生细菌感染时机体内毒素和致炎因子可抑制PCT的降解,导致PCT浓度的增高。BUSTOS等[9]的研究认为PCT优于CRP,是诊断脓毒症的良好标志物。本研究也认为PCT是脓毒症患者早期诊断的有效标志物之一,在脓毒症患者及非脓毒症感染者间表达存在差异,并且同CD64指数一样,治疗后其表达水平明显下降,可用于评估疗效,但其单一诊断价值不如CD64指数。

IL-6是一种多效细胞因子,同时具有抗炎及促炎的双向作用,是炎症介质网络中的关键因子[10]。有研究[11]证实脓毒症患者IL-6水平明显高于非感染引起的全身炎症反应综合征患者,可用于两者的鉴别。本研究结果显示,IL-6对脓毒症诊断有一定的意义,但诊断价值不如CD64指数和PCT。

其他细胞因子(如IL-8、IL-10及TNF-α等)在一些研究[12-14]中被认为在脓毒症患者中表达增高,且与疾病的严重程度密切相关,但是没有明确证据表明可以区分脓毒症与非脓毒症患者。本研究中这些细胞因子的表达不能有效鉴别脓毒症,但脓毒症患者经抗感染治疗后IL-6、IL-10、INF-γ水平明显下降,有待扩大样本量进一步研究。

综上所述,在诊断脓毒症时,单项诊断应首选诊断价值较高的CD64指数,联合使用CD64指数、CRP、PCT、IL-6 4项指标诊断脓毒症时,可提高诊断效率。此外,重症监护病房患者多数病情复杂,需结合病史、体格检查和微生物等进行评估,对各项指标数值做出正确的解读,为临床治疗提供更多帮助。

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