中国医科大学学报  2020, Vol. 49 Issue (7): 601-605

文章信息

孙骏, 肖亮, 宋健博
SUN Jun, XIAO Liang, SONG Jianbo
长链非编码RNA NEAT1对血管平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及作用机制
Effects of long non-coding RNA NEAT1 expression on proliferation and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells and mechanism
中国医科大学学报, 2020, 49(7): 601-605
Journal of China Medical University, 2020, 49(7): 601-605

文章历史

收稿日期:2019-09-24
网络出版时间:2020-06-24 8:00
长链非编码RNA NEAT1对血管平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及作用机制
孙骏 , 肖亮 , 宋健博     
中国医科大学附属第四医院介入科, 沈阳 110032
摘要目的 探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)NEAT1在血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)增殖和凋亡中的作用及其信号传导机制。方法 应用实时定量PCR实验测定VSMCs中NEAT1和miR-490-3p的表达。CCK-8法分析NEAT1对VSMCs增殖的影响。流式细胞仪检测VSMCs的凋亡。通过免疫印迹实验检测VSMCs中hnRNPA1的表达水平。结果 在经氧化修饰的低密度脂蛋白处理的VSMCs中NEAT1表达以剂量依赖性和时间依赖性模式增加。NEAT1沉默抑制VSMCs的增殖并诱导了早期凋亡。si-NEAT1转染后miR-490-3p表达显著增高(P < 0.05),然而miR-490-3p的表达上调并不影响NEAT1表达(P > 0.05)。si-NEAT1转染VSMCs中hnRNPA1表达显著降低,同时在miR-490-3p过表达的VSMCs中hnRNPA1表达显著降低。结论 miR-490-3p是NEAT1的抑制靶标,过表达lncRNA NEAT1通过使miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1轴海绵化而促进VSMCs的增殖并且减少早期凋亡。
关键词长链非编码RNA    NEAT1    血管平滑肌细胞    增殖    凋亡    
Effects of long non-coding RNA NEAT1 expression on proliferation and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells and mechanism
Department of Intervention, The Fourth Affiliated Hosipital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
Abstract: Objective To investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 on proliferation and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the signaling mechanism involved. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to measure the expression levels of lncRNA NEAT1 and miR-490-3p in VSMCs. The effect of lncRNA NEAT1 on the proliferation of VSMCs was analyzed using the CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to detect apoptosis in VSMCs. The expression of hnRNPA1 in VSMCs was assessed using Western blotting analysis. Results The expression levels of lncRNA NEAT1 were found to be increased in the ox-LDL induced VSMCs in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The knockdown of lncRNA NEAT1 led to the inhibition of proliferation and induction of early apoptosis in VSMCs. The expression of miR-490-3p was found to be significantly increased after si-NEAT1 transfection (P < 0.05);however, the up-regulation of miR-490-3p did not affect the expression of lncRNA NEAT1 (P > 0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of hnRNPA1 in VSMCs transfected with si-NEAT1 were found to be significantly reduced. The expression of hnRNPA1 in VSMCs that was induced by miR-490-3p was found to be significantly reduced after si-NEAT1 transfection. Conclusion miR-490-3p is an inhibitory target of NEAT1. The overexpression of lncRNA NEAT1 promotes the proliferation, and inhibits early apoptosis, in VSMCs by blocking the miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1 axis.
Keywords: long non-coding RNA    NEAT1    vascular smooth muscle cell    proliferation    apoptosis    

动脉粥样硬化是冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、脑梗死和周围血管疾病的主要病因[1-2]。动脉粥样硬化的病理基础是脂质代谢紊乱,其特征是内膜和中膜的动脉病变[3]。血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)是动脉壁的重要组成部分,其功能变化可能参与动脉粥样硬化[4-5]。VSMCs的功能变化也发生在重要器官(心脏、脑和肾脏[6-7])血管中,可引起局部缺血和坏死(心肌梗死、脑梗死和肾梗死[8])。然而,目前VSMCs促成动脉粥样硬化的具体分子机制尚不完全清楚。

最近,已经充分确信了人类基因组表达的表观遗传调控,特别是长链非编码RNA(long-chain noncoding RNA,lncRNA)的功能[9]。lncRNA已确定与心血管疾病(动脉粥样硬化、心肌纤维化、脂质代谢和血管内皮异常等)有关[10]。在由氧化修饰的低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low-density lipoprotein,oxLDL)诱导的VSMCs中,尿路上皮癌相关1(urothelial carcinoma-associated 1,UCA1)lncRNA通过下调磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源蛋白(phosphatase and tensin homolog,PTEN)来上调表达并拮抗miR-26a,从而调节增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)、α-SMA和SM22-α的表达[11]。在ox-LDL处理的人冠状动脉内皮细胞(human coronary artery endothelial cells,HCAECs)中,lncRNA MALAT1表达上调,敲除MALAT1可以通过结合miR -155/SOCS1轴促进ox-LDL处理的HCAECs的细胞因子释放和细胞凋亡[12]。本研究探讨lncRNA NEAT1在VSMCs增殖和凋亡中的作用及其信号传导机制。

1 材料与方法 1.1 材料

人主动脉VSMCs购自美国ATCC细胞库。TRIzol试剂盒购自宝生物工程有限公司。转染试剂LipofectamineTM3000购自美国Invitrogen公司,DEME培养基购自美国GE公司,RT-PCR试剂盒购自南京诺唯赞生物工程有限公司。PCR仪为ABI 7500,酶标仪为Thermo FC。β-actin及hnRNPA1抗体购自上海赛信通生物试剂有限公司。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 细胞培养与转染

VSMCs用含10%胎牛血清、100 U/mL青霉素和100 mg/mL链霉素的DEME培养基于37 ℃、5%CO2培养,48 h消化传代。为了探究lncRNA NEAT1在动脉粥样硬化环境中的表达是否不同,对VSMCs给予ox-LDL梯度浓度处理,分别在细胞培养液中加入0、25、50、100、150 mg/L的ox-LDL后继续培养VSMCs 48 h。按照试剂说明书要求取处于对数生长期的VSMCs,待细胞生长密度约为70%时经LipofectamineTM3000进行转染,继续在培养箱内常规培养48 h后收集细胞用于后续实验。

1.2.2 实时定量PCR

使用TRIzol试剂盒提取细胞总RNA,按照试剂盒说明书要求操作。逆转录反应为20 μL反应体系,反应条件25 ℃ 5 min,42 ℃ 30 min,85 ℃ 5 min,4 ℃保存。以18 S作为内参,实时PCR反应采用20 μL反应体系,反应条件为95 ℃ 10 min,95 ℃ 15 s,60 ℃ 1 min,40个循环。2-△△Ct法分析数据,所有反应均设3个复孔,实验重复3次。NEAT1引物序列:F,5’-CAGTTAGTTTATCAGTTCTC CCATCCA-3’;R,5’-GTTGTTGTCGTCACCTTTCAAC TCT-3’。

1.2.3 CCK-8实验

使用胰酶消化细胞,按照每孔3×103个细胞将细胞添加至96孔板,每组为5个复孔,于培养箱内继续常规培养,分别于1、2、3、4、5 d在每孔加入10 μL CCK-8溶液,置于培养箱继续培养2 h,使用酶标仪测量各孔的吸光度值。

1.2.4 细胞凋亡实验

VSMCs加入处理因素48 h后进行实验。细胞用不含EDTA胰蛋白酶消化,1 500 g离心5 min后收集细胞,预冷的PBS洗涤2次,离心后收集细胞5×105,加入100 μL 1×结合缓冲液重悬细胞,加入5 μL Annexin V-FITC和5 μL PI染色液,轻轻混匀,室温避光孵育10 min,再加入400 μL 1×结合缓冲液,轻轻混匀。样品在1 h内流式细胞仪检测。

1.2.5 Western blotting检

测VSMCs中hnRNPA1的表达培养或转染的细胞以RIPA缓冲液裂解,BCA法提取蛋白质定量,使用10%SDS-PAGE分离胶电泳分离蛋白质并转至PVDF膜,使用5%胎牛血清4 ℃封闭膜过夜。分别孵育hnRNPA1及β-actin一抗(1 : 1 000稀释)及二抗(1 : 5 000),最后用ECL底物试剂盒检测,实验重复3次。

1.3 统计学分析

采用SPSS 17. 0统计软件进行分析,计量资料以x ±s表示,2组间比较采用t检验,3组比较先采用方差分析,然后两两比较采用LSD-t检验,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 lncRNA NEAT1对VSMCs增殖、凋亡的影响

结果显示,使用0、25、50、100、150 mg/L ox-LDL处理后的VSMCs中NEAT1表达分别为1.09±0.08、1.38±0.07、3.13±0.07、5.11±0.10、5.42±0.11。与0、25 mg/L ox-LDL处理组比较,50、100、150 mg/L oxLDL处理组NEAT1表达明显增高,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。

VSMCs与ox-LDL(100 mg/L)一起培养0、6、12、24、48 h,NEAT1的表达分别为1.07±0.11、1.30±0.07、2.15±0.15、3.25±0.25、5.49±0.20。与一起培养0、6、12 h比较,24、48 h时NEAT1的表达增高显著(P < 0.05)。可见NEAT1的表达随着处理时间的延长而增加。

将靶向NEAT1的特殊寡核苷酸转染到VSMCs中以沉默NEAT1的表达。CCK-8增殖测定表明,与对照组(siRNA-NC组)比较,si-NEAT1组VSMCs增殖活性显著降低(P < 0.05)。表明NEAT1沉默抑制了VSMCs的增殖活性(图 1)。与对照组比较,转染siNEAT1后VSMCs表现诱导细胞早期凋亡(图 2)。

*P < 0.05 vs siRNA-NC group. 图 1 NEAT1沉默对VSMCs增殖的影响 Fig.1 Effect of NEAT1 knockdown on the proliferation of VSMCs

A,NC group;B,si-NEAT1 group. 图 2 NEAT1沉默对VSMCs凋亡的影响 Fig.2 Effect of NEAT1 knockdown on the apoptosis of VSMCs

2.2 miR-490-3p的表达

si-NEAT1转染细胞中miR-490-3p表达检测,结果显示,与si-NEAT1转染前(0.43±0.05)比较,siNEAT1转染后(1.01±0.07)miR-490-3p表达显著增高(P < 0.05)。然而NEAT1表达在miR-490-3p表达上调前后分别为0.98±0.06、0.97±0.04,差异无统计学意义(P > 0. 05),可见miR-490-3p表达上调并不影响NEAT1表达,因此推断miR-490-3p可能是NEAT1的抑制剂靶点。

2.3 starBase V3.0软件预测NEAT1互补结合的下游miRNA及基因

结果显示,NEAT1可与miR-490-3p互补结合;miR-490-3p可与Hnrnp A1 mRNA互补结合,见图 3

图 3 生物信息学软件预测NEAT1互补结合情况 Fig.3 Bioinformatics software predicts the sequences complementary to that of NEAT1

2.4 Western blotting检测VSMCs中hnRNPA1表达

结果显示,与si-NC组(1.37±0.04)比较,si-NEAT1转染组(1.11±0.07)hnRNPA1表达显著降低(P < 0.05)。与NC组(1.89±0.07)比较,miR-490-3p过表达组(1.18±0.06)hnRNPA1表达显著降低(P < 0.05),见图 4。表明NEAT1/miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1信号通路在VSMCs的增殖和凋亡中具有重要作用。

1,si-NC group;2,si-NEAT1 group;3,NC group;4,miR-490-3p group. 图 4 si-NEAT1转染及miR-490-3p过表达时hnRNPA1的表达情况 Fig.4 Expression of hnRNPA1 during si-NEAT1 transfection and miR-490-3p overexpression

3 讨论

已有研究[13]表明lncRNA与血管平滑肌细胞的增殖和侵袭有关。MANG等[14]报道lncRNA NEAT1可以通过调节hnRNPA2的表达促进肝癌细胞的发生发展,且该调控与NEAT1-U2AF65蛋白复合物有关。SUN等[15]研究发现,NEAT1通过与miRNA-19a- 3p结合来上调SMYD2,从而促进心脏肥大的发生和发展。ZOU等[16]报道NEAT1可以通过刺激miR-224- 5p促进黑素瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭,这表明NEAT1/ miR-224-5p轴可以作为黑素瘤标记物。然而lncRNA NEAT1在VSMCs中的具体作用机制尚不完全清楚。

本研究结果表明lncRNA NEAT1对VSMCs具有促进增殖作用,在经ox-LDL处理过的细胞中呈高表达,NEAT1沉默能够抑制VSMCs的增殖。lncRNA能够调控miRNA的表达和活性,LI等[17]发现lncRNA NEAT1通过海绵效应吸附miR-23c来促进小鼠肾小球系膜细胞的增殖、纤维化和上皮-间质转化,同时阻止小鼠肾小球系膜细胞凋亡,进而促进糖尿病性肾病的发生和发展,表明NEAT1可作为糖尿病性肾病治疗的有效标志物和潜在治疗靶点。WEI等[18]证明了lncRNA NEAT1通过海绵效应吸附miR-144- 3p来调节NF- κB信号传导途径,促进败血症诱导的心肌损伤进展,揭示了NEAT1对脓毒症和脓毒症所致心肌损伤的作用。lncRNA和miRNA在VSMCs中的研究目前鲜有报道,还需要大量实验予以证实。本研究证实了miR-490-3p为NEAT1的抑制靶标,下调NEAT1的表达能够增加miR-490-3p表达,但是miR-490-3p表达增高并不能影响NEAT1表达,因此认为miR-490-3p是NEAT1的直接靶标。

hnRNPA1属于保守的不均一性核糖核蛋白家族。研究[19]显示hnRNPA1主要有影响转录、mRNA剪切、核穿梭、miRNA生物合成4种功能。已有研究[20]表明hnRNPA1改变会影响转录后调控的不同RNA代谢过程,这种改变也参与癌症、神经降解性疾病和阿尔茨海默病。WEN等[21]发现lncRNA ANCR通过抑制hnRNPA1降解和海绵吸附miR-140-3p来上调hnRNPA1的表达,进而促进肝癌细胞转移,表明hnRNPA1可以促进肝癌细胞的增殖和迁移。NISHIKAWA等[22]研究表明hnRNPA1和hnRNPU调节TRA2B转录和外显子2的可变剪接并且在结肠癌细胞的异常增殖中起关键作用。本研究si-NEAT1转染VSMCs中hnRNPA1表达显著降低,同时在miR- 490-3p过表达的VSMCs中hnRNPA1表达显著降低。表明过表达lncRNA NEAT1通过使miR-490-3p/ hnRNPA1轴海绵化而促进VSMCs增殖。

综上所述,miR-490-3p是NEAT1的抑制靶标,lncRNA NEAT1通过激活miR-490-3p/ hnRNPA1轴促进VSMCs增殖、减少VSMCs早期凋亡。因此认为NEAT1有望成为动脉粥样硬化基因治疗的新靶标。

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