摘要: 目的 全面了解安徽省黄山市室内蜚蠊的侵害状况、密度、种群结构、生境分布特征及季节消长趋势，为病媒生物防制和卫生城市创建工作提供技术支持及科学依据。方法 采用粘捕法于2017年8月至2018年11月，在黄山市屯溪区、黄山区、汤口镇和旅游风景区的宾馆、餐饮店、农贸市场、超市、医院、居民区(农村居民区和城镇居民区)6类生境171家单位1 297间房间，对蜚蠊的种类、密度、时空分布及侵害率等指标进行监测。用Excel 2013软件对密度、侵害率等参数计算整理，采用SPSS 20.0软件对蜚蠊监测密度与日平均气温进行Spearman相关性分析，对不同生境蜚蠊侵害率进行χ²检验。结果 共布放粘蟑盒1 300余张，有效粘蟑盒1 254张，阳性房间309间，捕获蜚蠊13 014只。黄山市室内蜚蠊侵害率为23.82%，蜚蠊粘捕率为24.64%，蜚蠊密度10.38只/张，密度指数为42.12只/张。其中德国小蠊12 640只，占比为97.12%，为优势种；黑胸大蠊369只，占比为2.84%，为常见种；其他种类蜚蠊占0.04%。雄虫在种群中占比为9.95%，雌虫占比为12.86%，若虫占比为77.19%。黄山市蜚蠊的密度高峰期在7－9月，其中8月最高，为38.07只/张，侵害率为21.92%，蜚蠊密度与监测当日平均气温间呈正相关关系(r=0.709，P=0.022)。黄山市室内蜚蠊侵害较为严重的生境类型是农贸市场(43.65%)、餐饮店(33.68%)和超市(30.03%)等场所，6类场所室内蜚蠊侵害率差异有统计学意义(χ²=56.260，P < 0.001)，居民区、医院的蜚蠊侵害率与其他生境中的蜚蠊侵害率差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.01)；宾馆与餐饮店、农贸市场的蜚蠊侵害率差异也有统计学意义(均P < 0.01)。结论 黄山市室内蜚蠊侵害较为严重，德国小蠊为优势种，为快速增长型种群。农贸市场、超市、餐饮店和宾馆等生境中蜚蠊侵害较为严重，需引起足够重视，应加强蜚蠊监测和科学防制工作。

Abstract: Objective To fully investigate the infestation status, density, population structure, habitat distribution, and seasonal variation of indoor cockroaches in Huangshan, China, and to provide technical support and scientific basis for vector control and sanitary city construction. Methods From August 2017 to November 2018, the sticky trap method was used to monitor cockroach species, density, spatiotemporal distribution, and infestation rate in 1 297 rooms of 171 institutions in Tunxi district, Huangshan district, Tangkou town, and the tourism scenic area in Huangshan. The above institutions represented six types of habitats, i.e., hotels, catering establishments, farmers'markets, supermarkets, hospitals, and rural and urban residential areas. Excel 2013 software was used for calculation and collation of parameters such as density and infestation rate. SPSS 20.0 software was used for Spearman correlation analysis of cockroach monitoring density and daily mean air temperature. The chi-square test was used for analysis of infestation rates of cockroaches in different habitats. Results More than 1 300 sticky tapes for cockroaches were placed, among which 1 254 were effective. In 309 positive rooms, 13 014 cockroaches were captured. The infestation rate, capture rate, density, and density index of indoor cockroaches in Huangshan were 23.82%, 24.64%, 10.38 cockroaches/tape, and 42.12 cockroaches/tape, respectively. Among the captured cockroaches, 12 640 (97.12%) were Blattella germanica, which was the dominant species; 369 (2.84%) were Periplaneta fuliginosa, which was the common species; other cockroaches accounted for 0.04%. In the population, males, females, and nymphs accounted for 9.95%, 12.86%, and 77.19%, respectively. The peak of cockroach density in Huangshan was observed from July to September, with the highest density (38.07 cockroaches/tape, corresponding to an infestation rate of 21.92%) in August. There was a positive correlation between cockroach density and mean daily air temperature monitored (r=0.709, P=0.022). The habitats most severely infested by indoor cockroaches in Huangshan were farmers' markets (43.65%), catering establishments (33.68%), and supermarkets (30.03%). There were significant differences in infestation rate of indoor cockroaches among the six types of habitats (χ²=56.260, P < 0.001). The infestation rates of cockroaches in residential areas and hospitals were significantly different from those in other habitats (all P < 0.01), and the infestation rate of cockroaches in hotels was significantly different from those in catering establishments and farmers' markets (all P < 0.01). Conclusion The infestation of indoor cockroaches is relatively severe in Huangshan. Blattella germanica is the dominant species which increases rapidly in population. The infestation of cockroaches is relatively severe in habitats such as farmers' markets, supermarkets, catering establishments, and hotels, which needs to be paid enough attention, and cockroach surveillance and scientific control should be strengthened.