摘要: 目的 掌握西安市蜚蠊种类、密度、侵害率、分布特点及季节消长等情况，为蜚蠊防制措施的制定和爱国卫生工作提供科学依据。方法 按照地理方位在西安市东、南、西、北选择6个区（县），每个区（县）选择宾馆、餐饮行业、超市、居民区、农贸市场和医院共6个监测点，2018年奇数月中旬监测，采用粘捕法，晚放晨收，鉴定种类，计算蜚蠊密度和侵害率，蜚蠊密度和侵害率之间相关性检验采用Pearson相关性分析，城区和郊区之间的侵害率差异采用χ²检验，不同月份之间蜚蠊密度差异采用t检验。结果 共捕获蜚蠊233只，均为德国小蠊。蜚蠊密度为0.07只/张，侵害率为3.85%。侵害最严重的是农贸市场和餐饮行业，密度分别为0.15和0.13只/张；蜚蠊密度季节消长呈现波动趋势，7月最高，为0.10只/张，侵害率呈现双峰趋势，最高峰为3和7月，分别为3.81%和5.61%；城区蜚蠊密度和侵害率均高于郊区。结论 2018年西安市蜚蠊侵害最严重的是农贸市场和餐饮行业；7月蜚蠊密度最高；城区蜚蠊密度和侵害程度高于郊区。建议继续加强监测，在7月加强防控，尤其要对农贸市场和餐饮行业制定有针对性的蜚蠊防制措施，将蜚蠊密度和侵害率控制在较低水平。

Abstract: Objective To investigate the species, density, infestation rate, distribution characteristics, and seasonal variation of cockroaches in Xi'an, China, and to provide a scientific basis for formulation of prevention and control measures against cockroaches as well as for Patriotic Health Campaign. Methods Six districts (counties) were selected from the east, south, west, and north areas of Xi'an, and six surveillance sites, in hotels, catering industry, supermarkets, residential areas, farmers'markets, and hospitals, respectively, were selected from each district (county). Surveillance was carried out in the middle of odd months in 2018 using the sticky trap method, with the traps placed at night and collected in the morning. The species of cockroaches were identified, and the density and infestation rate of cockroaches were calculated. The Pearson correlation test was used to determine the correlation between the density and infestation rate of cockroaches; the chi-square test was used to analyze the difference in infestation rate between urban and suburban areas; the t test was used to analyze the differences in cockroach density between different months. Results A total of 233 cockroaches were captured, all of which were Blattella germanica. The density and infestation rate of cockroaches were 0.07 cockroach/sheet and 3.85%, respectively. The most severely infested places were farmers'markets and catering industry, 0.15 and 0.13 cockroach/sheet, respectively. The cockroach density showed a seasonal fluctuation, highest in July (0.10 cockroach/sheet); the infestation rate showed a bimodal trend, with the peaks in March (3.81%) and July (5.61%); the density and infestation rate of cockroaches in urban areas were higher than those in suburban areas. Conclusion In 2018, the places most severely infested by cockroaches in Xi'an were farmers'markets and catering industry; the density of cockroaches was the highest in July; the density and infestation rate of cockroaches in urban areas were higher than those in suburban areas. Surveillance is recommended to be continuously strengthened, and prevention and control measures should be reinforced in July. Targeted prevention and control measures against cockroaches should be formulated, especially in farmers'markets and catering industry, to control the density and infestation rate of cockroaches at a lower level.