中国媒介生物学及控制杂志  2020, Vol. 31 Issue (1): 88-91

扩展功能

文章信息

张金宇, 罗雷, 李晓宁, 江毅民, 刘杰, 梁雪莹, 梁琳琳, 杨智聪
ZHANG Jin-yu, LUO Lei, LI Xiao-ning, JIANG Yi-min, LIU Jie, LIANG Xue-ying, LIANG Lin-lin, YANG Zhi-cong
广州市蚊媒应急控制队员对蚊媒防制知识认知的现况调查
An investigation of current awareness status of emergency mosquito control team members in Guangzhou, China based on their knowledge about mosquito vector prevention and control
中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(1): 88-91
Chin J Vector Biol & Control, 2020, 31(1): 88-91
10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.01.018

文章历史

收稿日期: 2019-09-27
网络出版时间: 2019-12-30 09:33
广州市蚊媒应急控制队员对蚊媒防制知识认知的现况调查
张金宇1 , 罗雷2 , 李晓宁2 , 江毅民2 , 刘杰2 , 梁雪莹2 , 梁琳琳1 , 杨智聪2     
1 广东药科大学公共卫生学院, 广东 广州 510310;
2 广州市疾病预防控制中心, 广东 广州 510440
摘要: 目的 了解2018年广州市蚊媒应急队员蚊媒防制知识的认知现状及其影响因素,提高其蚊媒防制知识水平,以期更好地应对登革热疫情。方法 采用自行设计匿名问卷,于2018年7-9月广州市蚊媒应急演练期间,依次在天河区黄村街、白云区嘉禾街和黄埔区鱼珠街对蚊媒应急队员进行问卷调查,应用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析,知晓率用构成比进行描述,20道题中正确回答14道及以上认为认知合格,认知合格率的影响因素分别采用χ2检验和logistic回归等方法进行统计分析。结果 广州市蚊媒应急队129名队员的认知合格率为74.42%,空间喷雾应急灭蚊采用超低容量喷雾机知晓率最高,达94.57%,白纹伊蚊飞行范围知晓率最低,为24.03%。年龄(OR=0.37,95% CI:0.21~0.66)、具备有害生物防制员证(OR=4.17,95% CI:1.27~13.64)是认知合格率的主要影响因素。结论 广州市蚊媒应急队员对于蚊媒防制知识有一定的认知,但存在认知水平参差不齐等问题;建议今后应采取针对性措施,切实提升蚊媒应急队员的整体素质。
关键词: 应急队员    认知    影响因素    
An investigation of current awareness status of emergency mosquito control team members in Guangzhou, China based on their knowledge about mosquito vector prevention and control
ZHANG Jin-yu1 , LUO Lei2 , LI Xiao-ning2 , JIANG Yi-min2 , LIU Jie2 , LIANG Xue-ying2 , LIANG Lin-lin1 , YANG Zhi-cong2     
1 School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, Guangdong Province, China;
2 Guangzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Abstract: Objective To investigate current awareness status of emergency mosquito control team(EMCT) members in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China, in 2018, based on their knowledge about mosquito vector prevention and control and the influencing factors, to improve their awareness of mosquito vector prevention and control, and to better respond to dengue fever epidemics in Guangzhou. Methods An investigation implemented with a self-designed anonymous questionnaire was conducted among EMCT members in Huangcun street (Tianhe district), Jiahe street (Baiyun district), and Yuzhu street (Huangpu district) during the mosquito vector emergency drill in Guangzhou from July to September, 2018. SPSS 22.0 software was applied to data analyses. The awareness rate was statistically described by constituent ratio. A qualified awareness level was defined as capable of providing not less than 14 correct answers to 20 questions, and the influencing factors for awareness rate were statistically analyzed using methods such as chi-square test and logistic regression. Results The awareness rate of 129 EMCT members in Guangzhou was 74.42%. The knowledge that space spraying for emergency mosquito control should be performed using an ultra-low volume sprayer achieved the highest awareness rate (94.57%), while knowledge concerning the flying range of Aedes albopictus achieved the lowest awareness rate (24.03%). Age and pest control certificate holding status were the main influencing factors for awareness rate (odds ratio:0.37 and 4.17, respectively, 95% confidence interval:0.21-0.66 and 1.27-13.64, respectively). Conclusion The EMCT members in Guangzhou have some awareness of mosquito vector prevention and control, but their awareness levels vary greatly. It is recommended to take targeted measures in the future to effectively improve the overall quality of mosquito vector emergency team members.
Key words: Emergency team member    Awareness    Influencing factor    

蚊媒传染病是以蚊类媒介携带虫媒病毒导致人类感染而传播的媒介生物性传染病[1-3],包括伊蚊传播的登革热、基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒病等[1-2],库蚊传播的流行性乙型脑炎、淋巴丝虫病和西尼罗热等以及按蚊传播的疟疾[2]。蚊媒传染病有传播范围广、传播迅速、致病人数多的特点,对于高聚集居住区域人群造成极大的威胁[3-4]。蚊虫作为疾病传播的重要媒介,是蚊媒传染病控制的重点。其中由伊蚊携带的登革病毒引起并由伊蚊传播的登革热波及范围最广、发病最多、危害较大[5-6]。此前国际上虽有预防登革热的疫苗获批上市,但仍存在局限性和争议[7-8]。因此,目前登革热疫情控制很大程度上依靠可持续病媒伊蚊的控制[9-10]。广州市是广东省乃至全国登革热防控的重点地区[11]。为有效应对蚊媒传染病疫情,广州市政府以向有害生物防治(PCO)公司购买服务的形式组建了蚊媒应急队伍。蚊媒应急队员对蚊媒防制知识的认知可能影响疫情处置效果,对广州市蚊媒传染病防控有重要意义。本研究旨在了解2018年蚊媒应急队员对于蚊媒防制知识的认知现状,发现其存在的问题,并探究其影响因素,为更好地应对广州市登革热疫情提供参考依据。

1 材料与方法 1.1 研究对象

广州市11个辖区11支蚊媒应急队员为研究对象。

1.2 研究方法 1.2.1 问卷设计

问卷经查阅文献和咨询专家,自行设计并制定统一的评分标准,认知情况共20道单选客观题,包括蚊媒生态习性(4道)、蚊媒监测(4道)、灭蚊操作(9道)、蚊媒传染病(3道)4个模块,为防止互相抄袭,对问卷题号及选项用R软件进行随机打乱,从而更真实反映其认知水平。

1.2.2 现场调查

2018年7-9月,选取天河区黄村街、白云区嘉禾街、黄埔区鱼珠街各1个登革热疫点区域,召集蚊媒应急队员在疑似登革热病例的周围400 m内进行实地蚊媒应急演练,于演练结束后由调查员现场派发问卷对其进行约15 min的匿名问卷调查,由经过统一培训的技术人员根据评分标准进行评分。

1.3 评判标准

所有题目为单选题,答对1题计1分,答错或漏答1题计0分,本研究认定答对14道及以上题目者为认知合格。

知晓率=正确回答人数/有效答题人数×100%

认知合格率=答对14道及以上题目的人数/总人数×100%

1.4 统计学分析

对问卷进行收集整理核对无误后,用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库进行双录入和一致性检验,用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。采用均数±标准差或中位数、构成比/率进行描述,利用χ2检验、二分类logistic回归模型分析认知合格的影响因素。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 基本情况

本次调查共发放问卷129份,回收率100%,问卷均为有效问卷。调查对象年龄(36.71±8.92)岁,工作年限最长31年,最短<1年,平均3(2~6)年;其中男性113人(87.60%),女性16人(12.40%);111人(86.05%)具备有害生物防治员证;城区(越秀、荔湾、海珠和天河区)应急队员48人(37.21%),城乡结合部(白云、黄埔、花都和番禺区)49人(37.98%),郊区(南沙、从化和增城区)32人(24.81%),见表 1

表 1 广州市蚊媒应急队员基本情况 Table 1 General information of the emergency team members in Guangzhou
2.2 对蚊媒防制知识认知情况

以空间喷雾应急灭蚊采用超低容量喷雾机知晓率最高,达94.57%,白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)飞行范围知晓率最低,为24.03%,见表 2

表 2 广州市蚊媒应急队员蚊媒防制知识知晓率 Table 2 Awareness rates of the emergency team members in Guangzhou based on their knowledge about mosquito vector prevention and control
2.3 认知合格率情况及单因素分析

广州市蚊媒应急队129名队员的认知总体合格率为74.42%,不同年龄段、文化程度、工作年限、有无有害生物防治员证的应急队员的蚊媒防制知识差异有统计学意义;不同性别、应急队所在区域应急队员的蚊媒防制知识差异无统计学意义,见表 3

表 3 广州市不同特征蚊媒应急队员认知合格率比较 Table 3 Comparison of awareness pass rates of the mosquito vector emergency team members with different characteristics
2.4 蚊媒防制知识的认知合格率多因素分析

以认知是否合格为因变量(0=不合格,1=合格),将性别、年龄、文化程度、有无有害生物防治员证纳入二分类logistic回归模型进行多因素分析,以变量编码最低者为参考标准(表 4),年龄(OR=0.37,95%CI:0.21~0.66)、有害生物防治员证(OR=4.17,95%CI:1.27~13.64)是认知合格率的主要影响因素(表 5)。

表 4 变量赋值表 Table 4 Variable assignment table
表 5 广州市蚊媒应急队员蚊媒防制知识认知情况的多因素logistic回归分析 Table 5 A multivariate logistic regression analysis of the awareness status of the emergency team members in Guangzhou based on their knowledge about mosquito vector prevention and control
3 讨论

本研究发现,广州市11个区蚊媒应急队对于蚊媒防制知识的认知合格率为74.42%,高于国内部分文献报道的居民、中小学生、物业人员、出国劳务人员对病媒生物防制相关知识的认知水平[11-15],其原因是政府招标的PCO公司对企业资质和人员能力进行了准入限制,相对为行业优秀者,但也应看到有些队员认知较差,提示今后应加强培训和考核。

调查结果显示,蚊媒应急队员对于蚊媒防制知识的认知水平参差不齐。其认知水平差异的原因可能是分工的不同,总负责人知识面广而监测消杀作业流程清晰,而负责某一模块工作的人员可能对该方面的知识熟悉,也有少部分认知水平有限。分工有利于提高工作效率,但不利于整体队员蚊媒防制知识认知水平的提升,还会影响蚊媒防制的效果。白纹伊蚊飞行范围、蚊虫的一般寿命、灭蚊幼缓释剂药包成分知晓率较低。仍然有6.20%的应急队员作为专业技术人员不知道雌蚊吸血,仍需进一步加强蚊媒相关知识的培训。

多因素分析发现,年龄和具备有害生物防治员资格证是认知合格率的主要影响因素。年龄每增加1个等级,认知合格率下降0.37倍,其原因可能是年轻的应急防治员多数接受良好的学校教育,学历水平普遍高于年长者,对于培训的知识接受度比较高;年长的应急防治员中虽不乏有操作实践经验的从业人员,但是知识储备的更新不如年轻的防治员,导致其认知合格率降低。有害生物防治员资格证代表着经过有害生物专业化培训达到一定专业化水平,因此其认知水平较高。由于招标时对资质进行限定,刚组建时应急队员均具备有害生物防治员证,但人员流失而新补充人员认知水平不足,应尽早对新入职人员开展相应培训。

综上所述,广州市辖区蚊媒应急队员对于蚊媒防制有一定的认知,但存在不同应急队员认知水平参差不齐等问题。建议今后应采取有针对性的措施,着重对年龄较大、未取得防治员资格的队员加强培训,切实提升蚊媒应急队员的整体素质。

参考文献
[1]
Mavian C, Dulcey M, Munoz O, et al. Islands as hotspots for emerging mosquito-borne viruses:a one-health perspective[J]. Viruses, 2019, 11(1): 11. DOI:10.3390/v11010011
[2]
刘起勇. 新时代媒介生物传染病形势及防控对策[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2019, 30(1): 1-6, 11.
Liu QY. Epidemic profile of vector-borne diseases and vector control strategies in the new era[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control, 2019, 30(1): 1-6, 11. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.01.001
[3]
Weaver SC, Charlier C, Vasilakis N, et al. Zika, chikungunya, and other emerging vector-borne viral diseases[J]. Annu Rev Med, 2018, 69: 395-408. DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-050715-105122
[4]
唐田, 杨惠, 邓兵, 等. 中部战区部队驻地蚊类种群及蚊媒传染病的流行现状[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2018, 29(6): 666-668.
Tang T, Yang H, Deng B, et al. Study on the epidemic situation of mosquitoes populations and mosquito-borne diseases in Central Command Region of CPLA[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control, 2018, 29(6): 666-668. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.06.031
[5]
Katzelnick LC, Coloma J, Harris E. Dengue:knowledge gaps, unmet needs, and research priorities[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2017, 17(3): 30473-X. DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30473-X
[6]
Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Pashazadeh-Panahi P, Mahmoudi T, et al. Dengue virus:a review on advances in detection and trends-from conventional methods to novel biosensors[J]. Microchim Acta, 2019, 186(6): 329. DOI:10.1007/s00604-019-3420-y
[7]
Vannice KS, Wilder-Smith A, Barrett ADT, et al. Clinical development and regulatory points for consideration for second-generation live attenuated dengue vaccines[J]. Vaccine, 2018, 36(24): 3411-3417. DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.062
[8]
Rather IA, Parray HA, Lone JB, et al. Prevention and control strategies to counter dengue virus infection[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2017, 7: 336. DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00336
[9]
Chatterjee M, Ballav S, Maji AK, et al. Polymorphisms in voltage-gated sodium channel gene and susceptibility of Aedes albopictus to insecticides in three districts of northern West Bengal, India[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2018, 12(1): e0006192. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006192
[10]
Roiz D, Wilson AL, Scott TW, et al. Integrated Aedes management for the control of Aedes-borne diseases[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2018, 12(12): e0006845. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006845
[11]
罗雷.广州地区登革热自然疫源地及传播流行演变模式研究[D].广州: 南方医科大学, 2012.
Luo L. The study of natural epidemic focus and transmission evolution model of dengue fever in Guangzhou[D]. Guangzhou: Southern Medical University, 2012.
[12]
赵玉强, 甄天民, 刘新, 等. 山东城市居民蚊媒防制知识态度行为现状调查[J]. 中国热带医学, 2008, 8(10): 1795-1797.
Zhao YQ, Zhen TM, Liu X, et al. Survey of KAP concerning control of mosquito vectors in urban residents of Shandong province[J]. Chin Tropical Med, 2008, 8(10): 1795-1797. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9727.2008.10.074
[13]
龚菊花, 季莹, 周浩, 等. 上海市嘉定区华亭镇中小学生病媒生物防治相关健康知识、态度和行为调查[J]. 教育生物学杂志, 2015, 3(3/4): 123-126.
Gong JH, Ji Y, Zhou H, et al. Investigation on knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding vector biology control among primary and middle school students in Huating town of Jiading district in Shanghai[J]. J Bio-Edu, 2015, 3(3/4): 123-126. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2015.03.003
[14]
晁斌, 阮峰, 崔利伟, 等. 有害生物防治员和物业管理人员对蚊虫防治的知信行调查[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械, 2013, 19(5): 399-402.
Chao B, Ruan F, Cui LW, et al. Investigation on KAP of mosquito control among pest management professionals and property management staff[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip, 2013, 19(5): 399-402.
[15]
陈凤灵, 邵昭明, 梁超斌, 等. 佛山市禅城区创建登革热综合防控示范区居民健康教育干预效果评价[J]. 华南预防医学, 2017, 43(2): 150-153.
Chen FL, Shao ZM, Liang CB, et al. Effect evaluation of health education intervention for residents in dengue fever comprehensive prevention and control demonstration area in Chancheng district of Foshan city[J]. South China J Prev Med, 2017, 43(2): 150-153. DOI:10.13217/j.scjpm.2017.0150