中国媒介生物学及控制杂志  2015, Vol. 26 Issue (1): 69-71

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周旭, 刘国平
ZHOU Xu, LIU Guo-ping
中国库蠓属傲蠓亚属及一新种(双翅目:蠓科)
Culicoides (Fastus) including a new species in China (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2015, 26(1): 69-71
Chin J Vector Biol & Control, 2015, 26(1): 69-71
10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.01.018

文章历史

收稿日期:2014-08-16
网络出版时间:2014-12-17
中国库蠓属傲蠓亚属及一新种(双翅目:蠓科)
周旭1, 刘国平2    
1. 辽宁冶金职业技术学院, 辽宁本溪117000;
2. 沈阳军区疾病预防控制中心
摘要目的 研究中国库蠓属傲蠓亚属的种类分布和分类。方法 采用人帐诱、诱虫灯诱和挥网法采集蠓。结果 中国库蠓属傲蠓亚属现知12种,其中包括1新种:名山库蠓Culicoides(Fastus)mingshanensis sp. nov.。记述了中国库蠓属傲蠓亚属已知12种在国内的分布,主要鉴别特征的测量值,编制分种检索表。结论 为中国库蠓属傲蠓亚属的种类分布和分类研究提供了科学依据。名山库蠓的翅班与秀茎库蠓(Culicoides festivipennis Kieffer,1914)相近似,但后者触角嗅觉器分布在3~15节,触须第3节有感觉器窝与本新种明显不同。新种模式标本保存在沈阳军区疾病预防控制中心(沈阳110034)。
关键词蠓科     库蠓属     傲蠓亚属     种类分布     新种     检索表    
Culicoides (Fastus) including a new species in China (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
ZHOU Xu1, LIU Guo-ping2    
1. Liaoning Metallurgical Vocational and Technical College, Benxi 117000, Liaoning Province, China;
2. Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenyang Command
Abstract:Objective To study the species distribution and taxonomy of Culicoides (Fastus) in China. Methods Midges were captured using bed nets, light traps, and insect nets. Results A total of 12 species of Culicoides (Fastus) were recorded in China, including Culicoides (Fastus) mingshanensis sp. nov. The distribution of the 12 known species in China and the measurements of their major differential characteristics were described to compile an index list. Conclusion This study provides a reference for investigating the species distribution and taxonomy of Culicoides (Fastus) in China. C. mingshanensis sp. nov. has similar wing spots as C. festivipennis Kieffer, 1914, but the latter is distinctly different in the sensilla coeloconica of antenna situated on segments 3-15 and the third segment of palpus with sensory pit. The type specimen of the new species is deposited at the Shenyang Military Command Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Shenyang 110034, China).
Key words: Ceratopogonidae     Culicoides     Fastus     Species distribution     New species     Index list    

蠓科(Ceratopogonidae)世界已知6亚科129属5789种[1],吸血蠓包括4属1671种,其中库蠓属(Culicoides)有35个亚属1328种[2]。中国蠓科已知有4亚科39属1015种,吸血蠓有3属414种,其中库蠓属包括12个亚属305种[3]。我国的库蠓属傲蠓亚属(Fastus)由刘国平(2005)建立,记述了我国10种[3],Borkent[4]在世界库蠓属分亚属的研究中将我国库蠓属傲蠓亚属的2种:曲斑库蠓〔C.(F.) recurvus Ddlfinado,1961〕 归入Subgenus Hoffmania; 帛琉库蠓〔C.(F.) peliliouensis Tokunage,1936〕归入库蠓属无亚属位置的Culicoides ornatus species gooup。至此,我国的傲蠓亚属包括8种。近年来,刘国平等[5, 6]描述了该亚属的3个新种。笔者在鉴定采自我国的库蠓标本中发现傲蠓亚属1新种,经研究整理中国库蠓属傲蠓亚属现知12种,现将该亚属的种类分布、新种描述及分类报告如下。 1 材料与方法

采用人帐诱、诱虫灯诱和网捕法在辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古、新疆、西藏、河南、湖北、陕西、广东、广西、海南、云南、四川、江西、浙江、福建、宁夏等省(自治区)的林区、林缘草地、江岛、住区、畜厩、禽舍等生境、场所采集蠓标本,浸泡于70%乙醇溶液中,采用树胶酚封片法制片,进行分类鉴定。   2 结 果 2.1 种类分布

(1)高峰库蠓 Culicoides (Fastus) alpigenus Yu et Liu,2005

分布:西藏(察隅)。

(2)长白库蠓 Culicoides (Fastus) changbaiensis Qu et Ye,1995

分布:吉林(安图)。

(3)簇感库蠓 Culicoides (Fastus) dispersus Gutsevich et Smatov,1966

分布:新疆(鄯善、清河、和田)。

(4)端斑库蠓 Culicoides (Fastus) erairai Kono et Takahashi,1940

分布:黑龙江(萝北、抚远、饶河、虎林、穆棱、东宁、绥芬河、逊克、黑河),吉林(珲春、安图、长白山、抚松、柳河),辽宁(沈阳、营口、新宾、鞍山、清原、宽甸),内蒙古,福建(龙海、三明、武夷山、漳州、崇安、厦门、神州、邵武),浙江,江西(宜春、赣州、兴国),河南(信阳),陕西(延安),湖北(丹江口、均县、郧县、应山),广东(湛江、台山、揭阳、中山、珠海),广西(防城、靖西、凭祥、南宁),云南,四川(长宁、犍为、叙永),宁夏(银川)。

(5)哈尔巴岭库蠓Culicoides (Fastus) haerbalingensis Liu et wang,2010

分布:吉林(敦化、安图、抚松、柳河、长白山),辽宁(宽甸),内蒙古(昭盟、克什克腾旗),黑龙江(绥芬河、饶河、萝北、逊克、黑河)。

(6)霍城库蠓Culicoides (Fastus) huochengensis Ma et Yu,1990

分布:新疆(霍城)。

(7)康定库蠓Culicoides (Fastus) kangdingensis Yu et Liu,2005

分布:四川(康定)。

(8)名山库蠓 Culicoides (Fastus) mingshanensis sp. nov.

分布:黑龙江(萝北)。

(9)平坛库蠓 Culicoides (Fastus) pingtanensis Yu,1982

分布:福建(平坛)。

(10)类长白库蠓Culicoides (Fastus) subchangbaiensis Liu et Ren,2010

分布:吉林(延吉)。

(11)太平山库蠓 Culicoides (Fastus) taipingshanensis Liu et Guo,2009

分布:山东(青岛)。

(12)弯斑库蠓 Culicoides (Fastus) zyzzamaculatus Yu,1982

分布:海南(保宁)。 2.2 主要鉴别特征测量

表 1

表 1 中国库蠓属傲蠓亚属主要鉴别特征的测量值 Table 1 Measurements of defining characteristics of Culicoides (Fastus) in China.
注:“-”表示数据缺失。
2.3 新种描述

名山库蠓 Culicoides (Fastus) mingshanensis sp. nov.,新种(图 1

注:A. 翅(wing); B. 触角(antennae); C. 触须(maxillary); D. 额部(front); E. 受精囊(spermatheca)。 图 1 名山库蠓,新种 Figure 1 Culicoides (Fastus) mingshanensis sp. nov.

雌虫:翅长1.33 mm,宽0.48 mm,CR 0.58。

头部:两复眼分离,其宽约等于1.5个小眼面的直径,复眼的小眼面间无柔毛,有额横缝。触角各鞭节的相对长度为15∶10∶10∶10∶10∶10∶10∶11∶16∶17∶21∶21∶27,AR(端部5节长与基部8节长之比)为1.19,触角第3、11~15节有嗅觉器。触须第1~5节的相对长度为 6∶21∶18∶9∶9,第3节近端部 1/3处粗大,无感觉器窝,PR(第3节长与宽之比)为2.25。唇基片鬃一侧2根,另一侧3根,头高125 μm,喙长170 μm,喙头比(P/H)为0.74,大颚齿10枚,小颚齿15 枚。

胸部:翅除翅基淡斑外有淡斑10个,径中淡斑覆盖径1室基部1/3和径中横脉,后缘与中2室中部的淡斑相连接,径端淡斑位于径2室的外侧,径2室全暗,径5室有1个邻接端部的淡斑;中1室近基部和端部各有1个淡斑;中2室基部、中部和端部各有1个淡斑,其中基部的淡斑与臀室基部的淡斑连接呈叉形淡斑;中4室有1个淡斑;臀室近端部有1个淡斑。翅面大毛密布,但基室无大毛。后足胫节端部长鬃4根,第2根最长,梳齿16枚。各足TR和F~T值见表 2

表 2 名山库蠓各足TR和F~T值 Table 2 TR and F-T of all legs of C. (F.) mingshanensis sp. nov.

腹部:有发达的受精囊2个,近卵形,等大,均为50 μm×45 μm。

雄虫: 未知。

模式标本:正模♀,采自黑龙江省萝北县名山林缘,1981-06-01,灯诱。模式标本保存在沈阳军区疾病预防控制中心。 2.4 分种检索表

雌虫

1 翅有淡、暗斑·······································2

      翅无淡、暗斑·······································8

2(1) 小颚有齿····································3

      小颚无齿··············································太平山库蠓C. taipingshanensis

3(2) 翅中1、中2、中4室均无淡斑·································4

      翅中1、中2、中4室均有淡斑············································5

4(3) 翅臀室基部和近端部前缘有1个淡斑;大颚齿14~16枚·················哈尔巴岭库蠓C. haerbalingensis

      翅臀室无淡斑;大颚齿18枚···········································································康定库蠓C. kangdingensis

5(3) 触角11~14无嗅觉器分布························6

      触角11~14或11~15有嗅觉器分布·················7

6(5) 翅中1室有2个淡斑·················弯斑库蠓C. zyzzamaculatus

      翅中1室有3个淡斑····························端斑库蠓C. erairai

7(5) 触角嗅觉器分布在3~14节·················平坛库蠓C. pingtanensis

      触角嗅觉器分布在3、11~15节···················名山库蠓C. mingshanensis sp. nov.

8(1) 口甲无小棘刺································9

      口甲有小棘刺约90个······························长白库蠓C. changbaiensis

9(8) 触角3、12~15有嗅觉器分布·················10

      触角3~14或3~15有嗅觉器分布······················11

10(9) 2个受精囊等大;后足胫节端鬃5根······················簇感库蠓C. dispersus

      2个受精囊不等大;后足胫节端鬃4根······························类长白库蠓C. subchangbaiensis

11(9) 触角第15节有嗅觉器;AR 1.25·················霍城库蠓C. huochengensis

      触角第15节无嗅觉器;AR 1.84······························高峰库蠓C. alpigenus

雄虫

1 翅无淡、暗斑;第9腹板膜有微毛·················2

      翅有淡、暗斑;第9腹板膜无微毛·················端斑库蠓C. erairai

2(1) 阳茎中叶末端钝圆;第9背板后缘侧突长而粗·················簇感库蠓C. dispersus

      阳茎中叶末端截形;第9背板后缘侧突短钝································霍城库蠓C. huochengensis 3 讨 论

本新种与秀茎库蠓(Culicoides festivipennis,Kieffer,1914)[7]相近似,但后者触角嗅觉器分布在3~15节;触须第3节有感觉器窝与本新种明显不同。

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