中国辐射卫生  2023, Vol. 32 Issue (3): 360-363  DOI: 10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2023.03.026

引用本文 

颜慧雯, 徐慧. 肝脏介入科临床护理人员辐射安全及保护性措施认知及态度调查[J]. 中国辐射卫生, 2023, 32(3): 360-363. DOI: 10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2023.03.026.
YAN Huiwen, XU Hui. Investigation on awareness of and attitudes towards radiation safety and protective measures among clinical nurses in liver interventional department[J]. Chinese Journal of Radiological Health, 2023, 32(3): 360-363. DOI: 10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2023.03.026.

通讯作者

徐慧,E-mail:744752575@qq.com

文章历史

收稿日期:2023-02-08
肝脏介入科临床护理人员辐射安全及保护性措施认知及态度调查
颜慧雯 , 徐慧     
南京医科大学第一附属医院(江苏省人民医院)肝胆中心,南京 江苏 210029
摘要目的 了解肝脏介入科临床护理人员对辐射安全及保护性措施的认知及态度,从而为临床医务人员辐射防护措施的制定提供参考依据。方法 采用横断面调查设计,以江苏省三级甲等医院肝脏介入科临床护理人员为调查对象,采用自制问卷调查研究对象对辐射安全及保护性措施的认知及态度。结果 累计发出调查问卷112份,回收有效问卷97份,问卷有效率为86.61%。“介入治疗会导致辐射暴露”、“穿铅衣可以降低辐射暴露”知晓率均为100.00%,对“辐射暴露会引发先天性胎儿畸形”、“辐射暴露会引发皮肤癌、白血病等肿瘤发生”、“辐射暴露会导致死亡”、“戴防护镜可以降低辐射暴露”、“戴甲状腺防护罩可以降低辐射暴露”知晓率均在95.00%以上,但对“辐射暴露会引发白内障发生”、“辐射暴露会引发骨髓抑制”知晓率较低。调查对象对穿铅衣态度积极,但对戴防护镜和戴甲状腺防护罩的积极性较低。结论 肝脏介入科临床护理人员对辐射安全知识知晓率较高,但对辐射保护性措施态度的总体积极性较低。应加强临床护理人员的辐射安全及保护性措施健康教育,提升对辐射保护性措施的依从性。
关键词辐射安全    辐射防护    介入治疗    问卷调查    
Investigation on awareness of and attitudes towards radiation safety and protective measures among clinical nurses in liver interventional department
YAN Huiwen , XU Hui     
Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital), Nanjing 210029 China
Abstract: Objective To investigate the awareness of and attitudes towards radiation safety and protective measures among clinical nurses in liver interventional department, so as to provide insights into the formulation of radiation-protective measures among clinical healthcare workers. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed. Clinical nurses in liver interventional departments of class A tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province were sampled, and the awareness of and attitudes towards radiation safety and protective measures were investigated using self-designed questionnaires. Results A total of 112 questionnaires were allocated, and 97 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 86.61%. The awareness of questions including “interventional therapy may cause radiation exposure” and “wearing lead apron may reduce radiation exposure” was both 100.00% among respondents, and the awareness of questions including “radiation exposure may cause congenital malformations in babies”, “radiation exposure may cause cancers such as skin cancer and leukemia”, “radiation exposure may cause death”, “wearing lead goggles may reduce radiation exposure”, and “wearing thyroid shields may reduce radiation exposure” was all higher than 95.00%, while the awareness of questions “radiation exposure may cause cataract of the eye lens” and “radiation exposure may cause bone marrow depression” was relatively low. Respondents presented high-level attitudes towards lead aprons, and low-level attitudes towards goggles and thyroid shields. Conclusion The awareness of radiation safety knowledge is high among clinical nurses in liver interventional departments; however, an overall low-level attitude is seen towards radiation-protective measures. Health education pertaining to radiation safety and protective measures is required to be improved, so as to increase the compliance to radiation-protective measures.
Key words: Radiation safety    Radiation protection    Interventional therapy    Questionnaire survey    

肝病是一类因遗传、病毒、酒精滥用、肥胖等因素导致的肝脏损伤,发病率高、危害严重[1]。全球每年约200万人死于肝病,其中100万人死于肝硬化相关并发症、100万人死于病毒性肝炎和肝癌;此外,全球20亿饮酒者面临酒精性肝病威胁、20亿肥胖/超重成人及4亿糖尿病患者面临非酒精性脂肪性肝病和肝癌风险[2]。2012—2017年,全球肝癌和肝硬化疾病负担显著上升,其中肝癌死亡数增加16.0%、肝硬化死亡数增加11.4%,肝癌年龄标化发病率、死亡率和伤残调整寿命年(DALY)率分别从11.1/105、10.1/105和250.4/105上升至11.8/105、10.2/105和253.6/105,肝硬化年龄标化发病率从66.0/105上升至66.3/105,非酒精性脂肪性肝病和酒精性肝病年龄标化死亡率年均增加1.42%和0.53%[3]。这些数据表明,肝病是被低估的、被忽视的全球性公共卫生问题之一[4-5]

肝动脉灌注化疗、经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术等介入治疗术较传统内科和外科治疗手术创伤小、恢复快、成本低,已被广泛用于胆源性肝脏疾病[6]、肝癌[7]、肝硬化合并脾功能亢进临床治疗[8]。但临床介入治疗可能引发医护人员及患者暴露于电离辐射危害[9],但临床医务人员对辐射安全性的知晓情况和防护措施依从性差异较大[10]。本研究采用问卷调查,了解肝脏介入科临床护理人员对辐射安全及保护性措施的认知及态度,从而为临床医务人员辐射防护措施的制定提供参考依据。

1 对象与方法 1.1 调查对象

采用横断面调查设计,以江苏省三级甲等医院肝脏介入科临床护理人员为调查对象。本研究获得江苏省人民医院医学伦理委员会批准通过。

1.2 问卷调查

结合既往文献[10-12]设计调查问卷,了解肝脏介入科临床护理人员对辐射安全及保护性措施的认知及态度。本调查问卷包括3部分内容,第一部分为人口学特征,包括年龄、性别、学历、工作年限等;第二部分为抗辐射保护措施,包括穿铅衣、戴防护镜、戴甲状腺防护罩等;第三部分旨在了解诊断影像学知识。

1.3 数据分析

所有数据录入Microsoft Excel 2019建立数据库,采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料采用均数±标准差表示,计数资料采用频数或百分比表示。采用对12项辐射保护性措施的反应均值对辐射保护性措施态度评分水平进行评价,≥ 3分认为态度积极、< 3分认为态度不积极。

2 结 果 2.1 研究对象基本特征

累计发出调查问卷112份,回收有效问卷97份,问卷有效率为86.61%。97例调查对象均为女性;年龄20~58岁,平均(34.71 ± 8.74)岁;学历以本科为主(占58.76);工作年限1~27年,平均(9.83 ± 4.11)年(表1)。

表 1 研究对象人口学特征 Table 1 Demographic characteristics of study subjects
2.2 调查对象对辐射安全及保护性措施知晓情况

“介入治疗会导致辐射暴露”、“穿铅衣可以降低辐射暴露”知晓率均为100.00%,对“辐射暴露会引发先天性胎儿畸形”、“辐射暴露会引发皮肤癌、白血病等肿瘤发生”、“辐射暴露会导致死亡”、“戴防护镜可以降低辐射暴露”、“戴甲状腺防护罩可以降低辐射暴露”知晓率均在95.00%以上,但对“辐射暴露会引发白内障发生”、“辐射暴露会引发骨髓抑制”知晓率较低(表2)。

表 2 调查对象辐射安全及保护性措施知晓情况 Table 2 Participants’ awareness of radiation safety and protective measures
2.3 调查对象对辐射保护性措施的态度

调查对象对穿铅衣态度积极,但对戴防护镜和戴甲状腺防护罩的积极性较低(表3)。

表 3 调查对象对辐射保护性措施态度 Table 3 Participants’ attitudes towards protective measures against radiation
3 讨 论

介入治疗可直接治疗病灶、预防术中出血、减轻病痛、减少肿瘤治疗不良反应,已被广泛用于肝癌等肝病治疗[13]。但临床介入治疗可能引发放射性辐射暴露,从而引发了患者和临床医护人员对辐射暴露的担忧[14-16]。掌握临床医护人员对辐射安全及保护性措施的认知及态度,是制定有针对性的辐射防护措施的前提和基础。

丁红梅等[17]基于横断面调查,采用问卷调查了解临床医护人员对放射物理学和生物学、放射使用原则、辐射防护、电离辐射安全使用指南等三大类放射性知识的掌握情况,发现临床医护人员对电离辐射安全和防护知识总体掌握仍较欠缺,并建议加强电离辐射安全和防护知识培训、提升辐射防护技能。林青青等[18]采用问卷调查发现,发现放射人员对电离辐射基础知识知晓率为48.0%、对辐射危害知识知晓率为67.9%、对电离辐射防护知识知晓率为23.8%,但均显著高于非放射人员(P < 0.05),来自医学影像学科室的医务人员较其他科室医务人员更不愿暴露于电离辐射相关( P < 0.05),女医务人员较男医务人员更不愿暴露于电离辐射相关( P < 0.05)。肖飞等 [19]调查发现,基层医院放射工作人员对辐射防护的整体认知水平非常低,部分医务人员对辐射防护知识的认知和理解淡薄。本研究采用自制问卷,对江苏省三级甲等医院肝脏介入科97例临床护理人员进行辐射安全及保护性措施的认知及态度。结果发现,调查对象对“介入治疗会导致辐射暴露”、“穿铅衣可以降低辐射暴露”、“辐射暴露会引发先天性胎儿畸形”、“辐射暴露会引发皮肤癌、白血病等肿瘤发生”、“辐射暴露会导致死亡”、“戴防护镜可以降低辐射暴露”、“戴甲状腺防护罩可以降低辐射暴露”知晓率较高,但对“辐射暴露会引发白内障发生”、“辐射暴露会引发骨髓抑制”知晓率较低,与既往国内外调查结果类似[20-22]

林威娜等[22]采用问卷调查发现,放射工作人员对放射防护行为表现较积极。Alkhayal等[10]调查发现,54.8%的调查对象对辐射安全的态度不积极,其中以内科医师(57.1%)、护士(38.3%)和技师(4.6%)为主;而对辐射安全持积极态度的调查对象以护士为主(53.8%)。Abuzaid等[12]调查发现,57.4%的影像医师对放射性保护措施对依从性较高、26.9%持中等依从性、15.7%依从性较低。本研究发现,调查对象对穿铅衣态度积极,但对戴防护镜和戴甲状腺防护罩积极积极性较低。Khamtuikrua等[23]调查发现,86.4%的调查对象会在辐射暴露环境中穿铅衣、78.5%会戴甲状腺防护罩。提示今后应加强对临床护理人员的辐射安全及保护性措施健康教育。

本研究结果表明,肝脏介入科临床护理人员对辐射安全知识知晓率较高,但对辐射保护性措施态度的总体积极性较低。应加强临床护理人员的辐射安全及保护性措施健康教育,提升对辐射保护性措施的依从性。

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