常山散对雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫不同发育阶段的防治效果

引用本文

王贺, 郭志廷, 李建喜, 张景艳, 王磊, 张康, 孙继文, 尚小粉, 马永华. 常山散对雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫不同发育阶段的防治效果[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(3): 1278-1289.

WANG He, GUO Zhiting, LI Jianxi, ZHANG Jingyan, WANG Lei, ZHANG Kang, SUN Jiwen, SHANG Xiaofen, MA Yonghua. Effect of Radix dichroa Powder on the Control of Eimeria tenella Infection in Chick at Different Developmental Stages[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(3): 1278-1289.

王贺¹, 郭志廷², 李建喜², 张景艳², 王磊², 张康², 孙继文¹, 尚小粉¹, 马永华¹

1. 甘肃农业大学动物医学院, 兰州 730070;
2. 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所, 农业农村部兽用药物创制重点实验室, 甘肃省中兽药工程技术研究中心, 兰州 730050

收稿日期：2023-06-07

基金项目：兰州市人才创新创业项目（2021-RC-52）；横向委托项目（2021-0172）；甘肃省科技支撑计划项目（1604NKCA069-01）；甘肃省优秀研究生"创新之星"项目（2022CXZXS-010）；甘肃农业大学学科建设专项基金（GUA-XKJS-2018-073）：甘肃省科技厅重点研发项目（18YF1FA080）；国家自然科学基金（32160843）；甘肃农业大学青年导师基金（GAU-QDFC-2020-11）

作者简介：王贺(1999-)，女，蒙古族，河南新野人，硕士生，主要从事兽医寄生虫研究，E-mail：424548649@qq.com.

通信作者：马永华，主要从事兽医寄生虫及其分子生物学研究，E-mail：mayh517@163.com.

摘要：旨在研究中药常山散对雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫不同发育阶段抗球虫效果和免疫功能的影响。试验设置6大组，分别为攻虫前1天、攻虫当天、第2天、第3天、第4天和第5天给药时间点设计组，每个设计组包括3个处理组，分别为Ⅰ组（健康对照组）和Ⅱ组（感染对照组），饲喂基础饲粮；Ⅲ组（常山散推荐剂量组），按照0.1g·kg^-1在基础饲粮中拌料饲喂，连续给药4 d，每组10只鸡，共180只。16日龄时，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组每只鸡口服5×10⁴个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊。结果表明：与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅲ组的日均增重（average dialy gain，ADG）在球虫发育前期（攻虫前1天、攻虫当天）差异不显著（P>0.05），发育后期显著降低（P < 0.05），Ⅱ组在球虫发育的整个时期ADG均显著降低（P < 0.05），降低幅度大于Ⅲ组。与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的日均采食量（average daily feed intake，ADFI）有所下降，其中Ⅱ组下降最为明显，Ⅲ组有所改善。与Ⅱ组相比，中药常山散显著（P < 0.05）降低感染雏鸡每克粪便卵囊数（oocysts per gram，OPG）。球虫感染破坏盲肠黏膜的完整性，使盲肠肌膜增厚。中药常山散可减轻球虫感染引起的肠黏膜损伤。与Ⅱ组相比，饲粮中添加常山散可降低盲肠病变评分（P < 0.05）。攻虫前1天、攻虫当天和第2天试验组中Ⅲ组的抗球虫指数（anticoccidial index，ACI）分别为198.83、190.23、165.49，攻虫第3、4和5天试验组中Ⅲ组的ACI分别为150.53、155.00和146.18，说明在球虫发育的前期给药，常山散具有良好的抗球虫效果，后期随着球虫在鸡体内的发育，常山散的治疗效果降低。与Ⅱ组相比，常山散增加血液中免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG含量，提高脾脏指数和法氏囊指数。综上所述，常山散可改善感染雏鸡的生长性能，显著降低感染雏鸡OPG和盲肠病变评分，增强感染雏鸡免疫功能。

关键词：中药常山散柔嫩艾美耳球虫鸡

Effect of Radix dichroa Powder on the Control of Eimeria tenella Infection in Chick at Different Developmental Stages

WANG He¹, GUO Zhiting², LI Jianxi², ZHANG Jingyan², WANG Lei², ZHANG Kang², SUN Jiwen¹, SHANG Xiaofen¹, MA Yonghua¹

1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China

Corresponding author: MA Yonghua, E-mail: mayh517@163.com.

项目
Item

组别
Group

动物数
Animal numbers

子孢子接种量/(10⁴·只^-1)
Subspore inoculum volume/(10⁴·chick^-1)

饲料中常山散浓度/(g·kg^-1)
Drug concentration in feed

给药时间/d
Days of administration

攻虫前1天给药
Dosing 1 d before attack

Ⅰ

Ⅱ

Ⅲ

0.1

攻虫当天给药
Dosing on the day of attack

Ⅰ

Ⅱ

Ⅲ

0.1

攻虫第2天给药
Dosing on the 2nd day of attack

Ⅰ

Ⅱ

Ⅲ

0.1

攻虫第3天给药
Dosing on the 3rd day of attack

Ⅰ

Ⅱ

Ⅲ

0.1

攻虫第4天给药
Dosing on the 4th day of attack

Ⅰ

Ⅱ

Ⅲ

0.1

攻虫第5天给药
Dosing on the 5th day of attack

Ⅰ

Ⅱ

Ⅲ

0.1

-表示不作攻毒或给药处理
- indicates that no challenge or administration has been carried out

项目
Item

组别
Group

平均初始体重(x±s)
Average initial weight

平均终末体重(x±s)
Average final weight

日均增重(x±s)
ADG

日均采食量
ADFI

料重比
F/G

攻虫前1天给药
Dosing 1 d before attack

Ⅰ

213.64±8.50

354.73±7.94^a

35.27±7.94^a

49.65

1.41

Ⅱ

210.74±8.78

340.27±13.16^b

32.38±13.16^b

50.98

1.57

Ⅲ

207.84±11.75

347.28±14.35^a

34.86±14.35^a

50.97

1.46

攻虫当天给药
Dosing on the day of attack

Ⅰ

253.68±8.02^a

387.62±10.97^a

33.49±10.97^a

50.23

1.50

Ⅱ

241.53±9.02^b

358.87±5.48^b

29.34±5.48^b

46.88

1.60

Ⅲ

242.62±10.16^b

370.17±5.56^c

31.89±5.56^a

49.11

1.54

攻虫第2天给药
Dosing on the 2nd day of attack

Ⅰ

273.15±7.32a

420.22±14.75^a

36.77±14.75^a

54.65

1.49

Ⅱ

256.79±9.46^b

373.93±9.98^b

29.79±9.98^b

49.67

1.70

Ⅲ

256.44±6.64^b

388.28±9.90^c

32.96±9.90^c

52.15

1.58

攻虫第3天给药
Dosing on the 3rd day of attack

Ⅰ

314.92±10.90^a

460.90±9.51^a

36.50±9.51^a

55.87

1.53

Ⅱ

284.71±8.29^b

393.76±13.33^b

27.26±13.33^b

50.47

1.85

Ⅲ

287.84±9.12^b

414.28±13.36^c

31.79±13.36^c

53.58

1.70

攻虫第4天给药
Dosing on the 4th day of attack

Ⅰ

354.73±7.94^a

503.68±7.99^a

37.24±7.99^a

55.60

1.49

Ⅱ

321.79±6.51^b

430.90±4.94^b

27.28±4.94^b

51.42

1.89

Ⅲ

324.84±6.89^b

451.28±10.23^c

31.61±10.23^c

54.75

1.73

攻虫第5天给药
Dosing on the 5th day of attack

Ⅰ

387.62±10.97^a

543.23±13.46^a

38.90±13.46^a

58.36

1.50

Ⅱ

358.39±8.07^b

472.86±10.18^b

28.62±10.18^b

52.16

1.82

Ⅲ

360.84±11.53^b

490.28±19.07^c

32.36±19.07^c

56.50

1.75

同列数据后所标字母相异表示差异显著(P < 0.05)，所标字母相同表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同
Different letters in the same linemeans significant difference between the treatments(P < 0.05), same letter in the same row means no significant difference between treatments(P>0.05). The same table as below

项目
Item

组别
Group

存活率/%
Survival rate

相对增重率/%
Relative weight gain rate

盲肠病变值(x±s)
Cecum lesion value

卵囊值
Oocyst value

抗球虫指数
ACI

攻虫前1天给药
Dosing 1 d before attack

Ⅰ

100.00

0.00^a

0.00

200.00

Ⅱ

100.00

91.81

12.00±0.42^b

0.00

179.81

Ⅲ

100.00

98.83

0.00^a

0.00

198.83

攻虫当天给药
Dosing on the day of attack

Ⅰ

100.00

0.00^a

0.00

200.00

Ⅱ

100.00

87.61

20.00±0.82^b

0.00

167.61

Ⅲ

100.00

95.23

5.00±0.71^c

0.00

190.23

攻虫第2天给药
Dosing on the 2nd day of attack

Ⅰ

100.00

0.00^a

0.00

200.00

Ⅱ

100.00

84.84

33.00±0.67^b

40.00

111.84

Ⅲ

100.00

95.49

25.00±0.85^c

5.00

165.49

攻虫第3天给药
Dosing on the 3rd day of attack

Ⅰ

100.00

0.00^a

0.00

200.00

Ⅱ

100.00

83.26

36.00±0.70^b

40.00

107.26

Ⅲ

90.00

97.07

31.00±0.74^c

5.00

150.53

攻虫第4天给药
Dosing on the 4th day of attack

Ⅰ

100.00

0.00^a

0.00

200.00

Ⅱ

100.00

78.52

37.00±0.48^b

40.00

101.52

Ⅲ

100.00

91.00

31.0±0.57^c

5.00

155.00

攻虫第5天给药
Dosing on the 5th day of attack

Ⅰ

100.00

0.00^a

0.00

200.00

Ⅱ

100.00

73.56

40.0±0.00^b

40.00

93.56

Ⅲ

100.00

83.18

32.0±0.63^c

5.00

146.18

g·L^-1

项目
Item

组别
Group

IgA

IgM

IgG

攻虫前1天给药
Dosing 1 d before attack

Ⅰ

0.21±0.03^a

0.11±0.02^a

1.48±0.19

Ⅱ

0.26±0.02^b

0.12±0.02^a

1.54±0.16

Ⅲ

0.29±0.03^c

0.15±0.02^b

1.59±0.09

攻虫当天给药
Dosing on the day of attack

Ⅰ

0.21±0.03^a

0.11±0.02a

1.48±0.19^a

Ⅱ

0.29±0.02^b

0.14±0.03^ac

1.94±0.15^b

Ⅲ

0.34±0.03^c

0.18±0.03^b

2.22±0.09^c

攻虫第2天给药
Dosing on the 2nd day of attack

Ⅰ

0.21±0.03^a

0.11±0.02^a

1.48±0.19^a

Ⅱ

0.31±0.03^b

0.17±0.02^b

2.23±0.27^b

Ⅲ

0.34±0.03^b

0.20±0.04^c

2.45±0.15^c

攻虫第3天给药
Dosing on the 3rd day of attack

Ⅰ

0.21±0.03^a

0.11±0.02^a

1.48±0.19^a

Ⅱ

0.34±0.02^b

0.18±0.01^b

2.43±0.20b

Ⅲ

0.38±0.04^c

0.23±0.03^c

2.73±0.21^c

攻虫第4天给药
Dosing on the 4th day of attack

Ⅰ

0.21±0.03^a

0.11±0.02^a

1.48±0.19^a

Ⅱ

0.39±0.03^b

0.21±0.03^b

2.50±0.12^b

Ⅲ

0.41±0.05^b

0.26±0.03^c

2.83±0.37^c

攻虫第5天给药
Dosing on the 5th day of attack

Ⅰ

0.21±0.03^a

0.11±0.02^a

1.48±0.19^a

Ⅱ

0.39±0.03^b

0.24±0.02^b

2.68±0.19^b

Ⅲ

0.43±0.05^c

0.28±0.03^c

2.98±0.34^b

项目
Item

组别
Group

脾脏指数
Spleen index

法氏囊指数
Bursa index

攻虫前1天给药
Dosing 1d before attack

Ⅰ

0.89±0.09^a

1.47±0.09^a

Ⅱ

1.26±0.17^b

1.71±0.15^b

Ⅲ

1.32±0.16^b

2.34±0.32^c

攻虫当天给药
Dosing on the day of attack

Ⅰ

0.89±0.09^a

1.47±0.09^a

Ⅱ

1.32±0.31^b

1.78±0.29^b

Ⅲ

1.50±0.27^b

2.48±0.53^c

攻虫第2天给药
Dosing on the 2nd day of attack

Ⅰ

0.89±0.09^a

1.47±0.09^a

Ⅱ

1.67±0.19^b

1.82±0.22^b

Ⅲ

1.93±0.38^c

2.73±0.82c

攻虫第3天给药
Dosing on the 3rd day of attack

Ⅰ

0.89±0.09^a

1.47±0.09^a

Ⅱ

1.76±0.12^b

1.90±0.35^b

Ⅲ

2.28±±0.41^c

2.88±0.60^c

攻虫第4天给药
Dosing on the 4th day of attack

Ⅰ

0.89±0.09^a

1.47±0.09^a

Ⅱ

1.84±0.26^b

1.96±0.33^b

Ⅲ

2.36±0.38^c

2.93±±0.38^c

攻虫第5天给药
Dosing on the 5th day of attack

Ⅰ

0.89±0.09^a

1.47±0.09a

Ⅱ

1.93±0.22^b

2.05±0.29^b

Ⅲ

2.71±0.35^c

3.11±0.78^c

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畜牧兽医学报 2024, Vol. 55 Issue (3): 1278-1289. DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.03.039	PDF