畜牧兽医学报  2022, Vol. 53 Issue (12): 4197-4206. DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.12.007    PDF    
北京黑猪FUBP3和USP43基因多态性与眼肌面积性状的关联分析
侯任达1, 张润1, 牛乃琪1, 杨曼1, 黄晓宇2, 李慧慧1, 张龙超1     
1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 北京 100193;
2. 山西农业大学动物科学学院, 晋中 030801
摘要:旨在研究上游远端元件结合蛋白3(far upstream element binding protein 3,FUBP3)及泛素特异性蛋白酶43(ubiquitin specific protease 43,USP43)基因多态性与北京黑猪眼肌面积性状的关系,从而在分子水平指导北京黑猪的育种工作。本研究选取408头北京黑猪收集眼肌面积性状数据并采集肉样提取DNA,根据FUBP3和USP43基因序列设计43对引物进行PCR扩增及测序,运用DNAstar软件分析测序结果,对FUBP3和USP43基因不同基因型与北京黑猪眼肌面积性状进行关联分析并运用荧光定量PCR对两基因进行基因表达差异分析。在FUBP3基因启动子区共有8个突变,其中rs701769847G>A与5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积均关联显著(P < 0.05),rs332131528C>G仅与5~6肋眼肌面积关联显著(P < 0.05),rs325550799T>C、rs339464012T>C和rs326069041T>C只与最后肋眼肌面积关联显著(P < 0.05);基因表达差异分析表明,rs701769847G>A位点GG型个体的FUBP3基因mRNA水平显著低于AA型个体(P < 0.05)。USP43基因启动子区的rs335310752C>T和剪切区的rs323463345G>A均只与最后肋眼肌面积关联显著(P < 0.05)。基因表达差异分析表明,rs323463345G>A中GG型个体和AA型个体的USP43基因mRNA水平差异不显著。上述两基因中共有两个位点与5~6肋眼肌面积性状关联显著(P < 0.05),6个位点与最后肋眼肌面积性状关联显著(P < 0.05), 可以作为北京黑猪眼肌面积性状变异的候选基因功能位点,也可以作为潜在的眼肌面积性状分子标记。
关键词北京黑猪    FUBP3    USP43    眼肌面积    
Association of FUBP3 and USP43 Gene Polymorphisms with Loin Muscle Area in Beijing Black Pigs
HOU Renda1, ZHANG Run1, NIU Naiqi1, YANG Man1, HUANG Xiaoyu2, LI Huihui1, ZHANG Longchao1     
1. Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
2. College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between far upstream element binding protein 3 (FUBP3) or ubiquitin specific peptidase 43 (USP43) gene polymorphisms and loin muscle area traits in Beijing black pigs, so as to guide the breeding work at the molecular level. A total of 408 Beijing black pigs were selected to collect data on loin muscle area traits and meat samples for DNA extraction. A total of 43 pairs of primers were designed for PCR amplification and sequencing according to FUBP3 and USP43 genes sequence, and the sequencing results were analyzed by DNAstar software. Association analysis was performed on different genotypes of FUBP3 and USP43 genes with loin muscle area traits of Beijing black pigs, and gene expression differences of the two genes were analyzed by fluorescent quantitative PCR. There were 8 mutations in the promoter region of FUBP3 gene, among which rs701769847G>A was significantly associated with the 5-6 rib loin muscle area and the last rib loin muscle area(P < 0.05), rs332131528C>G was only significantly associated with 5-6 rib loin muscle area (P < 0.05), rs325550799T>C, rs339464012T>C and rs326069041T>C were only significantly associated with the last rib loin muscle area (P < 0.05). Differential gene expression analysis showed that the mRNA level of FUBP3 gene in individuals with GG genotype at rs701769847G>A was significantly lower than those with AA genotype(P < 0.05). rs335310752C>T in the promoter region and rs323463345G>A in the shear region of USP43 gene were both significantly associated with the last rib loin muscle area (P < 0.05). Differential gene expression analysis showed that the mRNA levels of USP43 gene in rs323463345G>A were not significantly different between GG-type individuals and AA-type individuals. Two loci in the above two genes were significantly associated with 5-6 rib loin muscle area trait (P < 0.05), and 6 loci were significantly associated with the last rib loin muscle area traits(P < 0.05), which can be used as candidate genes for loin muscle area trait variation in Beijing black pigs, and as potential molecular markers for loin muscle area traits.
Key words: Beijing black pigs    FUBP3    USP43    loin muscle area    

在过去几十年里瘦肉型猪在猪肉消费市场中占有很大的份额,胴体瘦肉率在评价胴体品质方面是一个非常重要的指标,在胴体品质相关的性状中应用广泛[1-2]。然而育种场很难用大样本来测定瘦肉率且猪胴体瘦肉率测定过程复杂,耗时长,成本高。因此,在实际的猪性能测定中一般采用其他相关性强的性状来代替。何志平等[3]通过对杜×长二元杂交仔猪进行分析,发现瘦肉率与眼肌面积的相关系数为0.70,即瘦肉率与眼肌面积之间呈强相关。且通过眼肌面积来估测瘦肉率也可极显著的降低成本[4],所以在瘦肉猪的生产及选育工作中眼肌面积也是非常重要的指标[5]。影响眼肌面积的主要因素包括营养(如饲料的蛋白质含量)、环境、遗传等[6-9]。而遗传被广泛认为是眼肌面积发育的最重要因素,遗传度在0.35~0.47之间[10-12],表明这两个性状可以通过遗传方法进行改良。

远端上游元件结合蛋白属于单链DNA结合家族,家族成员为FUBP1、FUBP2和FUBP3。FUBP3是一种蛋白质编码基因[13]。有研究表明,FUBP3可结合并促进β-肌动蛋白mRNA在成纤维细胞的定位[14],且FUBP3与杜洛克猪的骨骼形成有关[15]FUBP3是与猪肌肉发育和肉质性状相关的重要候选基因[16],也是影响眼肌面积的候选基因[17]。泛素特异性蛋白酶(USPs)也称去泛素酶,它是最大的泛素酶亚家族[18-19]。其成员USP43可识别并水解泛素C-末端甘氨酸处的肽键,参与多泛素前体及泛素化蛋白的加工[20]。Luo等[21]发现,USP43基因内含子内的SNP与多个肉品质性状显著相关。

北京黑猪是20世纪60年代由大白、巴克夏和中国地方猪种杂交形成的地方猪种[22],有着丰富的遗传背景[23]。本研究通过对FUBP3和USP43基因进行突变位点检测,并开展基因型与眼肌面积性状(5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积)的关联分析,以期为今后北京黑猪眼肌面积性状的选育工作提供有效的分子辅助标记。

1 材料与方法 1.1 组织样品及表型数据收集

通过硫酸纸记录408头北京黑猪的5~6肋眼肌面积及最后肋眼肌面积轮廓,用联想M700扫描仪以300像素进行扫描,随后用PS2020选中眼肌面积轮廓所得到的像素值除以标准像素值即可算出实际眼肌面积。其中北京黑猪中所有公猪均被阉割,母猪占比53%,公猪占比47%。屠宰随着商业生产进行,170~280日龄,动物均饲养于北京黑六牧业科技有限公司。

1.2 DNA提取

用DNA提取试剂盒(QIAamp DNA Mini Kit)从组织样品中提取基因组DNA,随后通过超微分光光度计(IMPLEN)检测其DNA浓度,用2%的琼脂糖凝胶进行DNA质量评估并将质量合格的DNA样品放于-20 ℃保存。

1.3 RNA提取及cDNA的合成

对组织样品进行研磨,通过RNA提取试剂盒(TaKaRa MiniBEST Universal RNA Extraction Kit)按照说明书步骤进行RNA提取,随后通过超微分光光度计(IMPLEN)检测其RNA浓度。对于合格的RNA,用反转录试剂盒(PrimeScript RT reagent Kit)按说明书步骤进行反转录,并对合格后的样品保存备用。

1.4 引物设计及聚合酶链式反应(PCR)

利用Primer Premier 5.0对FUBP3(NC_010443.5)、USP43(NC_010454.4)基因共设计43对引物,引物设计后由北京六合华大基因科技有限公司合成,部分引物见表 1

表 1 PCR引物信息 Table 1 PCR primers information

对408头北京黑猪使用96孔板采用25 μL反应体系进行PCR扩增,反应体系如下:2×Phanta Max Buffer 12.5 μL,聚合酶0.5 μL, DNA 1 μL,dNTP 0.5 μL, 上、下游引物各1 μL, RNase-free水8.5 μL。PCR反应程序为:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,57~62 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30~90 s,35个循环;72 ℃延伸2 min。PCR产物琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测后送至北京六合华大基因科技有限公司平台进行双向Sanger测序。

1.5 引物设计及荧光定量PCR

利用Primer Premier 5.0对FUBP3的rs701769847G>A位点和USP43的rs323463345G> A位点共设计2对引物,引物设计后由北京六合华大基因科技有限公司合成,引物见表 2

表 2 RT-qPCR引物信息 Table 2 RT-qPCR primers information

取反转录后的cDNA,采用荧光定量试剂盒(TaKaRa TB Green)进行定量。以GAPDH基因为内参,用FUBP3及USP43基因定量引物分别扩增FUBP3和USP43的基因片段。每个样品设3个重复,20 μL反应体系:2×qPCR Mix 10.4 μL,上下游引物共0.8 μL,cDNA 2 μL,RNase-free ddH2O 6.8 μL。PCR反应条件为:95 ℃,30 s为模板的预变性阶段;95 ℃ 5 s,60 ℃ 34 s,共40个循环为模板的扩增阶段;60~95 ℃,以每10 s缓慢升温0.5 ℃建立熔解曲线阶段。

1.6 数据统计分析

将测序结果使用DNAStar中的SeqMan进行比对分析,筛选突变个体的基因型。随后利用Microsoft Excel 2016软件进行各位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率的统计。使用SAS 9.4分析眼肌面积性状(5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积)和基因型的关联性,采用Duncan’s多重检验用于评估不同基因型之间差异的显著性,数据使用“最小二乘均值±标准差”表示,P < 0.05判定为差异显著。

2 结果 2.1 表型数据整理

对408头北京黑猪的5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积进行分析,发现最后肋眼肌面积均值大于5~6肋眼肌面积。其中5~6肋眼肌面积均值为17.63 cm2,最大值为30.48 cm2, 最小值为10.45 cm2。最后肋眼肌面积均值为31.41 cm2,最大值为49.15 cm2,最小值为19.64 cm2(表 3)。

表 3 5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积性状的表型值统计 Table 3 Statistics of phenotypic values of 5-6 rib loin muscle area and the last rib loin muscle area
2.2 FUBP3和USP43基因多态性检测及群体分布

通过对FUBP3及USP43基因进行PCR扩增后共发现15个突变位点(表 4表 5),分别位于启动子区、CDS和剪切区。其中FUBP3中有8个启动子区域突变和1个同义突变;USP43基因中有1个启动子区域突变,1个错义突变,1个剪切区突变和3个同义突变。这15个SNPs的基因型频率变化范围为1%~88%,其等位基因频率变化范围为6%~94%。

表 4 北京黑猪FUBP3的基因型频率及等位基因频率统计 Table 4 Statistics of genotype and allele frequencies of FUBP3 in Beijing black pigs
表 5 北京黑猪USP43的基因型频率及等位基因频率统计 Table 5 Statistics of genotype and allele frequencies of USP43 in Beijing black pigs
2.3 FUBP3、USP43基因多态性和眼肌面积性状的关联分析

FUBP3和USP43基因通过PCR扩增筛选的11个SNPs位点(FUBP3上8个启动子区突变;USP43上1个启动子区突变,1个错义突变,1个剪切区突变)与北京黑猪的5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积与基因型的关联分析结果见表 6表 7FUBP3的8个启动子区突变中rs701769847G>A与5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积都显著关联,rs325550799T>C、rs339464012T>C和rs326069041T>C与最后肋眼肌面积关联显著,与5~6肋眼肌面积关联不显著,rs332131528C>G与5~6肋眼肌面积显著相关,与最后肋眼肌面积不相关,其余3个(rs335466858A>G、rs322433355C>A、rs346300986A>T)与5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积关联均不显著。在USP43上位于启动子区rs335310752C>T和剪切区突变rs323463345G>A与最后肋眼肌面积关联显著,与5~6肋眼肌面积关联不显著,错义突变rs330703352A>G与5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积关联均不显著。

表 6 FUBP3基因SNPs与5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积性状的关联分析 Table 6 Association analysis of FUBP3 gene SNPs with 5-6 rib loin muscle area and the last rib loin muscle area
表 7 USP43基因SNPs与5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积的关联分析 Table 7 Association analysis of USP43 gene SNPs with 5-6 rib loin muscle area and the last rib loin muscle area
2.4 FUBP3 rs701769847G>A位点和USP43 rs323463345G>A位点基因表达差异分析

根据rs701769847G>A位点基因型的不同分为眼肌面积较大的GG型和较小的AA型北京黑猪个体,随后利用RT-qPCR技术检测了FUBP3基因在4头GG型个体和4头AA型个体中的表达情况。定量结果显示,AA基因型个体的FUBP3表达量显著高于GG型个体(P < 0.05),见图 1

*. P < 0.05。下同 *. P < 0.05. The same as below 图 1 FUBP3基因相对表达量 Fig. 1 Relative expression of FUBP3 gene

根据rs323463345G>A位点基因型的不同分为眼肌面积较大的AA型和较小的GG型北京黑猪个体,随后利用RT-qPCR技术检测了USP43基因在3头AA型和5头GG型个体中的表达情况。定量结果显示,USP43基因在GG型和AA型个体中差异不显著,见图 2

图 2 USP43基因相对表达量 Fig. 2 Relative expression of USP43
3 讨论

眼肌面积在决定胴体瘦肉率方面起着重要作用[24],且遗传是影响眼肌面积最主要的因素[1],所以在遗传层面的研究是非常有必要的。Rohrer和Keele[25]研究发现,SSC1上的QTL对眼肌面积有显著影响。有研究表明,通过全基因组关联分析发现SSC1上的FUBP3是影响眼肌面积性状的候选基因[17]。Wang等[26]通过对中国青峪猪和长白猪进行DNA甲基化分析发现FUBP3被鉴定为可能与肉质性状相关的候选基因。FUBP3也有促进细胞增殖的作用,Brauckhoff等[27]研究发现FUBP3可加快肝癌细胞的增殖,且它在肝癌细胞中的高水平表达与患者存活率的下降显著相关。FUBP3的结合基序(UAUA/UAUG)最近已被确定[28],而该基序存在于β-actin mRNA下游460 nt的3′UTR,包含该基序的79 nt区域被FUBP3结合。Mukherjee等[14]研究也表明,FUBP3的敲除会导致β肌动蛋白的增加。而β肌动蛋白是肌肉细丝及细胞骨架微丝的主要成分,与细胞生长和细胞迁移有关[29-32]。根据上述报道推测,FUBP3可能通过调控β肌动蛋白从而调控肌肉细胞的生长。本研究在北京黑猪群体中对FUBP3基因的8个位点与眼肌面积性状(5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积)进行关联分析,结果发现rs701769847G>A位点与5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积都显著相关,rs325550799T>C、rs339464012T>C和rs326069041T>C位点与最后肋眼肌面积显著关联,但与5~6肋眼肌面积相关不显著,而rs332131528C>G位点与5~6肋眼肌面积关联显著,与最后肋眼肌面积关联不显著,rs335466858A> G、rs322433355C>A、rs346300986A>T位点则对5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积无显著影响。基因表达差异分析表明,rs701769847G>A中FUBP3基因mRNA水平GG基因型个体显著低于AA基因型个体(P < 0.05)。

泛素特异性蛋白酶(USPs)在肿瘤形成和发展中具有重要作用。之前的研究表明,USP43在乳腺癌中是一种H2BK120脱泛素酶和潜在的肿瘤抑制因子,USP43和EGFR/PI3K/AKT之间相互抑制,从而抑制乳腺癌的发生[33]。此外,USP43可以通过调节乳腺癌的细胞周期和EMT过程来促进肿瘤发生[34]USP43基因在一些癌症类型中高表达,如骨肉瘤[35]和结直肠癌[20]。许多USP成员参与肌肉的形成与发育[36],比如USP15参与调节SLIM1的转录翻译,从而调控心肌的肥大反应,这在肌病和心肌病的发病机制中发挥了重要作用[37]USP14在骨骼肌萎缩的情况下可以被诱导到高水平[38]USP2亚型的过量表达可以调节肌肉细胞的分化进程[39]USP19在啮齿动物萎缩肌肉中的mRNA表达量增加[40],而USP19缺失会导致主要的肌原纤维蛋白水平增加[41]。虽然目前没有文献直接报道USP43对于肌肉发育形成的作用机制,但是已经有研究发现USP43基因也是影响多个肉品质性状(肌内脂肪、大理石纹、水分,肉色等)的候选基因[21]。从而推测,USP43能促进肌肉的生长发育。本研究在北京黑猪群体中对USP43基因的3个位点与眼肌面积性状(5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积)进行关联分析,结果发现rs335310752C>T和rs323463345G>A与最后肋眼肌面积显著关联,与5~6肋眼肌面积相关不显著。而rs330703352A> G与5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积均相关不显著。基因表达差异分析表明,rs323463345G>A中GG和AA基因型个体的USP43基因mRNA水平差异不显著。

4 结论

通过使用408头北京黑猪对FUBP3和USP43基因进行多态性探索及与眼肌面积性状关联分析,共发现15个SNPs,其中FUBP3、USP43上共有2个位点与5~6肋眼肌面积显著相关,6个位点与最后肋眼肌面积显著相关,其中FUBP3 rs701769847G>A中FUBP3基因mRNA水平GG基因型个体显著低于AA基因型个体(P < 0.05)。以期探索调控性状变异的候选基因功能位点,为进一步阐释性状变异的遗传机理奠定基础。

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(编辑   郭云雁)