黑水虻幼虫粉对育肥猪盲肠食糜主要微生物数量和代谢产物的影响

引用本文

余苗, 李贞明, 王刚, 容庭, 陈卫东, 王凤英, 马现永. 黑水虻幼虫粉对育肥猪盲肠食糜主要微生物数量和代谢产物的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2020, 51(2): 299-310.

YU Miao, LI Zhenming, WANG Gang, RONG Ting, CHEN Weidong, WANG Fengying, MA Xianyong. Effects of Hermetia Illucens Larvae Meal on the Number of Main Microbes and Metabolites in the Cecal Digesta of Finishing Pigs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(2): 299-310.

余苗¹, 李贞明¹, 王刚¹, 容庭¹, 陈卫东¹, 王凤英², 马现永¹

1. 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所, 农业部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室, 畜禽育种国家重点实验室, 广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室, 广东省畜禽肉品质量安全控制与评定工程技术研究中心, 广州 510640;
2. 广州安芮洁环保科技有限公司, 广州 510080

收稿日期：2019-07-30

基金项目：国家自然科学基金（31902200）；广东省农业科学院院长基金（201802B）；广东省农业科学院人才计划（201803）；畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室开放运行（2017B030314044）；广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队（2019KJ115）；广东省科技计划项目（2019A050505007）；省级乡村振兴战略专项资金（2018kczx06）

作者简介：余苗(1985-), 女, 四川广安人, 博士, 主要从事肠道微生物与生态健康养殖研究, E-mail:ymiao5656@163.com.

通信作者：陈卫东, 主要从事生态健康养殖研究, E-mail:chenweidong@gdaas.cn; 马现永, 主要从事生态健康养殖研究, E-mail:maxianyong@gdaas.cn.

摘要：旨在研究日粮中添加不同比例的黑水虻幼虫粉对育肥猪盲肠食糜主要微生物数量和代谢产物的影响。本试验选取72头130日龄、健康且初始体重相近（（76.0±0.56）kg）的杜×长×大三元杂交猪，随机分为3个处理组，每组8个重复，每个重复3头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组分别饲喂含有4%（4%组）和8%（8%组）的黑水虻幼虫粉，通过调整日粮配方，3组日粮的蛋白含量和代谢能一致。于正式试验的第42天，每个重复选取1头体重接近平均体重的猪进行屠宰，取盲肠食糜用于相关指标的测定。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，日粮添加4%的黑水虻幼虫粉显著增加了盲肠食糜Bifidobacterium、Lactobacillus、Prevotella、Clostridium cluster Ⅳ和Roseburia的数量（P < 0.05），而降低了Escherichia coli的数量（P < 0.05）；日粮添加8%的黑水虻幼虫粉显著增加了Prevotella和Bifidobacterium的数量（P < 0.05）。2）与对照组相比，日粮添加4%和8%的黑水虻幼虫粉显著增加了盲肠食糜中乳酸、总短链脂肪酸和乙酸的浓度（P < 0.05），同时，日粮添加8%黑水虻幼虫粉还降低了戊酸的浓度（P < 0.05）；对于氮代谢产物而言，与对照组相比，日粮添加4%的黑水虻幼虫粉显著降低了盲肠食糜中总生物胺、尸胺、腐胺、精胺、对甲酚和苯酚的浓度（P < 0.05），而日粮添加8%的黑水虻幼虫粉显著降低了尸胺和苯酚的浓度（P < 0.05）。综上所述，本试验条件下，在日粮中添加4%的黑水虻幼虫粉可增加育肥猪盲肠食糜中部分有益微生物的数量和有益代谢物的浓度，降低潜在致病菌的数量和氮代谢化合物的浓度，表明一定比例的黑水虻幼虫粉可作为优质的蛋白质饲料原料应用于养猪生产中。

关键词：黑水虻幼虫粉猪盲肠肠道微生物代谢产物

Effects of Hermetia Illucens Larvae Meal on the Number of Main Microbes and Metabolites in the Cecal Digesta of Finishing Pigs

YU Miao¹, LI Zhenming¹, WANG Gang¹, RONG Ting¹, CHEN Weidong¹, WANG Fengying², MA Xianyong¹

1. Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
2. Guangzhou AnRuiJie Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China

Corresponding author: CHEN Weidong, E-mail:chenweidong@gdaas.cn; MA Xianyong, E-mail:maxianyong@gdaas.cn.

项目
Item

分组 Group

对照组
Control

4%组
4% group

8%组
8% group

原料 Ingredient

玉米 Corn

71.00

71.20

71.76

豆粕 Soybean meal

16.98

13.86

10.75

麦麸 Wheat bran

6.00

黑水虻幼虫粉 Hermetia illucens larvae meal

4.00

8.00

大豆油 Soybean oil

2.50

1.70

0.50

L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lys-HCl(98%)

0.38

0.40

0.42

DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met

0.06

0.07

0.09

L-苏氨酸 L-Thr

0.06

0.11

0.15

L-色氨酸 L-Trp

0.02

0.01

磷酸氢钙 Dicalcium phosphate

0.95

1.00

石粉 Limestone

0.75

0.40

0.03

食盐 Salt

0.30

预混料 Vitamin-mineral premix¹⁾

1.00

合计 Total

100.00

营养水平 Nutrient level²⁾

消化能/(MJ·kg^-1) DE

14.4

粗蛋白质 CP

14.5

粗纤维 CF

3.4

3.5

钙 Ca

0.6

总磷 TP

0.5

标准回肠可消化氨基酸 Standard ileal digestible AA

赖氨酸 Lys

0.88

0. 88

蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys

0.47

苏氨酸 Thr

0.49

色氨酸 Trp

0.15

0.14

¹⁾.预混料为每千克饲粮提供：维生素A 15 000 IU，维生素D₃ 3 000 IU, 维生素E 150 mg，维生素K₃3 mg，维生素B₁ 3 mg，维生素B₂ 6 mg，维生素B₆ 5 mg，维生素B₁₂ 0.03 mg，烟酸45 mg，泛酸钙9 mg，叶酸1 mg，生物素0.3 mg，氯化胆碱500 mg，Fe 170 mg，Cu 150 mg，I 0.90 mg，Se 0.20 mg，Zn 150 mg，Mg 68 mg，Mn 80 mg，Co 0.30 mg。²⁾.粗蛋白质、粗纤维、钙和总磷为实测值，其余为计算值
¹⁾. The premix provide the following per kg diet: VA 15 000 IU, VD₃ 3 000 IU, VE 150 mg, VK₃ 3 mg, VB₁ 3 mg, VB₂ 6 mg, VB₆ 5 mg, VB₁₂ 0.03 mg, nicotinic acid 45 mg, calcium pantothenate 9 mg, folic acid 1 mg, biotin 0.3 mg, choline chloride 500 mg, Fe 170 mg, Cu 150 mg, I 0.90 mg, Se 0.20 mg, Zn 150 mg, Mg 68 mg, Mn 80 mg, Co 0.3 mg.²⁾. Crude protein, crude fiber, calcium, and total phosphorus are measured values, and the others are calculated values

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畜牧兽医学报 2020, Vol. 51 Issue (2): 299-310. DOI: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.02.011	PDF