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文章信息
- 崔聪聪, 张祎, 胡敏
- 骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)畸形矫形效果长期稳定性的研究进展
- Research progress in long-term stability of orthopedic therapy in skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion
- 吉林大学学报(医学版), 2018, 44(04): 875-879
- Journal of Jilin University (Medicine Edition), 2018, 44(04): 875-879
- 10.13481/j.1671-587x.20180435
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文章历史
- 收稿日期: 2018-01-09
骨性Ⅲ类错
骨性Ⅲ类错
生长发育对于矫治时机的选择以及治疗后长期稳定性具有重要意义。骨性Ⅲ类错
根据骨性Ⅲ类错
上颌前方牵引治疗随人们对骨性Ⅲ类错
20世纪90年代,一些研究[17]阐明了上颌前方牵引治疗对纠正上颌发育不足的骨性Ⅲ类错
前方牵引的治疗时机对矫治的效果及长期稳定性十分重要,但不同学者的研究结论尚不统一。有研究[19]显示:前方牵引加快速扩弓对于混合牙列早期患者比对混合牙列晚期患者更有效,特别是对于上颌的前移量。另有学者[20]认为:在生长发育高峰前期及高峰期进行前方牵引治疗能够缩短疗程,且获得更多的骨性变化。Kapust等[21]比较3个不同年龄组患者的前方牵引效果显示:3组患者均产生较好的效果,上颌骨前下移动,下颌后下旋,垂直高度少量增加,咬合及面型均改善。尽管早期治疗效果最佳,但对年龄稍大一些的患者,前方牵引也能产生积极的治疗效果。同时,也有研究者[22]认为:患者年龄对治疗反应和结果无影响。所以,对于前方牵引的矫治,尚无足够的证据证明早期矫治更有益处。
前方牵引通常会结合扩弓治疗,扩弓能够打开上颌骨周围的骨缝系统,促进前方牵引的效果,同时缩短疗程[23]。Baik[24]对比了快速扩弓与唇颊弓组患者的前方牵引效果,认为快速扩弓组有更好的前方牵引效果,且不同年龄组效果比较无明显差异。一项关于前方牵引是否结合扩弓的随机临床试验[25]表明:在年龄为5~10岁的患者中,扩弓组与非扩弓组的前方牵引效果无明显差别,与空白对照组比较均有明显前方牵引效果。对于快速扩弓的方式,Liu等[26]的一项随机临床试验表明:单纯采用快速扩弓与采用扩缩模式进行扩弓比较,上颌骨前移量及下颌平面旋转角度差异有统计学意义,但并无临床意义。
传统牙支持式前方牵引装置会产生较大的牙性效应。为了减少牙性效应,增加骨性效果,学者们将临时支抗装置应用于前方牵引以使矫形力直接传导到鼻上颌复合体,即将微钛板植入上颌骨鼻侧骨壁,使得前方牵引装置通过鼻上颌复合体的阻抗中心,减少上颌骨的旋转,与传统牙支持式前方牵引比较,其上颌骨有更大的前移量,同时减少了牙槽效应[27]。骨支抗式前方牵引装置,仍需要从口外进行长时间牵引,对患者配合度要求较高。De Clerck等[28]首次提出了通过上、下颌骨分别植入微钛板,进行口内颌间Ⅲ类牵引,可以全天进行骨性牵引。骨支抗式前方牵引装置及口内微钛板颌间牵引均可用于治疗严重的骨性Ⅲ类错
前方牵引治疗通常在患者生长发育高峰前开始,矫治后患者的生长发育尚未完成,治疗的长期稳定性因受多种因素影响具有不确定性。Williams等[29]进行了关于生长期患者前方牵引加快速扩弓治疗后长期稳定性的前瞻性研究,认为早期前方牵引治疗后,上颌位置能够得以保持,复发是由于下颌生长导致,并不是上颌治疗的复发,上颌的治疗效果很稳定。Hägg等[30]研究表明:前方牵引治疗上颌发育不足的患者,早期能获得积极的效果,但由于不良的生长型,有三分之一的患者仍存在成年后正颌手术的可能。Woon等[31]关于骨性Ⅲ类错
骨性Ⅲ类错
骨性Ⅲ类错
19世纪,颏兜开始应用于下颌发育过度或位置靠前的患者,以此来试图控制下颌骨的生长发育[35]。早期的动物实验证明:颏兜能够明显抑制大鼠下颌生长,同时能够使大鼠颞下颌关节软骨的前成软骨细胞层减少。临床试验[36]证明:颏兜具有颌骨和牙槽效应,能够抑制下颌生长,使下颌后下旋,下颌切牙舌倾。但有部分学者[37]认为:颏兜不能抑制下颌的生长,其作用仅仅是使下颌发生后下旋。
Deguchi等[38]研究发现:长期颏兜治疗组患者的下颌体长度、下颌升支高度和下颌平面角较未治疗组明显减小,证实短期的颏兜治疗能够使下颌明显后下旋,长期的颏兜治疗能够抑制下颌生长。Abdelnaby等[39]比较了应用不同力值(300和600g)颏兜治疗所产生的效果,结果显示:不同力量的颏兜对改善上、下颌骨关系起到了相似的作用,但对骨骼均无明显的影响,且2种不同力值产生的效果相同。
对于颏兜治疗后的长期稳定性,有研究[40]表明:上、下颌骨的关系在固定矫治后仍能保持稳定。但也有研究[41]显示:颏兜治疗结束后下颌骨有复发到原来的骨骼类型和生长方式的趋势,颏兜治疗骨性Ⅲ类错
Ko等[42]认为:颏兜应用于下颌发育过度的生长期骨性Ⅲ类错
骨性Ⅲ类错
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