吉林大学学报(医学版)  2020, Vol. 46 Issue (03): 498-503     DOI: 10.13481/j.1671-587x.20200311

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王映映, 孙利娟, 范紫微, 古虹, 游先梅, 关天昊, 张成义, 陈曦
WANG Yingying, SUN Lijuan, FAN Ziwei, GU Hong, YOU Xianmei, GUAN Tianhao, ZHANG Chengyi, CHEN Xi
黄芩苷对脂多糖诱导的大鼠滑膜RSC-364细胞自噬的抑制作用
Inhibitory effect of baicalin on autophagy of synovial RSC-364 cells of rats induced by lipopolysaccharide
吉林大学学报(医学版), 2020, 46(03): 498-503
Journal of Jilin University (Medicine Edition), 2020, 46(03): 498-503
10.13481/j.1671-587x.20200311

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收稿日期: 2019-09-12
黄芩苷对脂多糖诱导的大鼠滑膜RSC-364细胞自噬的抑制作用
王映映1 , 孙利娟1 , 范紫微2 , 古虹2 , 游先梅3 , 关天昊4 , 张成义2 , 陈曦1     
1. 北华大学医学院病原学教研室, 吉林 吉林 132013;
2. 北华大学药学院药理教研室, 吉林 吉林 132013;
3. 北华大学医学院医学影像学教研室, 吉林 吉林 132013;
4. 北华大学医学技术学院医学检验技术教研室, 吉林 吉林 132013
[摘要]: 目的 探讨黄芩苷通过磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素(PI3k/Akt/mTOR)信号通路对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的大鼠滑膜RSC-364细胞自噬的影响,并阐明其作用机制。方法 将对数生长期大鼠滑膜RSC-364细胞分为对照组、模型组、地塞米松(DXMS)组、10 μmol·L-1黄芩苷组、20 μmol·L-1黄芩苷组和40 μmol·L-1黄芩苷组。对照组RSC-364细胞只加入培养基,其他各组RSC-364细胞均采用1 mg·L-1 LPS体外刺激12 h制作炎症细胞模型。采用MTT法检测各组RSC-364细胞存活率,RT-PCR法检测各组RSC-364细胞中PI3k、Akt、mTOR、Beclin1和微管相关蛋白-轻链3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ)mRNA表达水平,Western blotting法检测各组RSC-364细胞中Beclin1、Atg5、Atg7、Atg12、LC3-Ⅱ和P62蛋白表达水平。结果 与对照组比较,模型组RSC-364细胞存活率明显升高(P < 0.01),模型组RSC-364细胞中PI3k、Akt、mTOR mRNA和P62蛋白表达水平明显降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),Atg5、Atg7、Atg12、LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P < 0.01);与模型组比较,不同浓度黄芩苷组RSC-364细胞存活率明显降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),RSC-364细胞中PI3k、Akt、mTOR mRNA和P62蛋白表达水平明显升高(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),Atg5、Atg7、Atg12、LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。结论 黄芩苷可能通过激活PI3k/Akt/mTOR信号通路抑制LPS诱导的RSC-364细胞自噬。
关键词: 黄芩苷    RSC-364细胞    风湿性关节炎滑膜成纤维细胞    自噬    
Inhibitory effect of baicalin on autophagy of synovial RSC-364 cells of rats induced by lipopolysaccharide
WANG Yingying1 , SUN Lijuan1 , FAN Ziwei2 , GU Hong2 , YOU Xianmei3 , GUAN Tianhao4 , ZHANG Chengyi2 , CHEN Xi1     
1. Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China;
2. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China;
3. Department of Medical Imageology, College of Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China;
4. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
[ABSTRACT]: Objective To investigate the effect of baicalin on the autophagy of the synovial RSC-364 cells of the rats induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)through PI3k/Akt/mTOR signal pathway, and to clarify its mechanism. Methods The rat synovial RSC-364 cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group, model group, dexamethasone(DXMS) group, 10μmol·L-1 baicalin group, 20μmol·L-1 baicalin group and 40μmol·L-1 baicalin group. The RSC-364 cells in control group were only supplemented with culture medium, and the RSC-364 cells in the other groups were stimulated with 1 mg·L-1 LPS for 12 h to make the inflammatory cell models. The survival rates of RSC-364 cells were detected by MTT assay, and the expression levels of PI3k, Akt, mTOR, Beclin1, and LC3-Ⅱ mRNA in the RSC-364 cells in various groups were detected by RT-PCR method; Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of Beclin1, Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, microtubule-associated protein-light chain 3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ), and P62 proteins in the RSC-364 cells in various groups. Results Compared with control group, the survival rate of RSC-364 cells in model group was significantly increased (P < 0.01), the expression levels of PI3k, Akt, mTOR mRNA and P62 protein in the RSC-364 cells in model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the expression levels of Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, LC3-Ⅱ, Beclin1 mRNA and proteins were significantly increased (P < 0.01); compared with model group, the survival rates of RSC-364 cells in different concentrations of baicalin groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), the expression levels of PI3k, Akt, mTOR mRNA and P62 protein in the RSC-364 cells in different concentrations of baicalin groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the expression levels of Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin1 mRNA and proteins were decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusion Baicalin may inhibit the LPS-induced autophagy of the RSC-364 cells by activating the PI3k/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
KEYWORDS: baicalin    RSC-364 cells    rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts    autophagy    

黄芩苷是一种黄酮类化合物,主要来源于黄芩干根[1-2]。目前的研究[3-4]表明:黄芩苷具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗肿瘤等作用。WANG等[5]已证实:在胶原诱导的关节炎大鼠中,黄芩苷能减少滑膜组织和滑膜成纤维细胞中核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB)蛋白表达,减轻关节炎症。在关节炎小鼠模型中,黄芩苷可明显减轻踝关节肿胀[6]。在类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)发病机制中, 类风湿关节炎滑膜成纤维细胞(rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts,RASFs)起重要作用[7]。RASFs能够产生大量炎性细胞因子、趋化因子和基质降解酶,从而促进RA炎症和关节破坏状态[8]。研究[9]显示:RA疾病严重程度与滑膜组织自噬水平呈正相关关系。因此,自噬可能是RA的潜在治疗靶点。目前,黄芩苷对RA滑膜细胞自噬的影响尚未见相关报道。有研究[10]显示:磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素(PI3k/Akt/mTOR)信号传导途径与RA发生发展有关。本研究观察PI3k/Akt/mTOR信号通路对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)诱导的大鼠滑膜RSC-364细胞自噬的影响,探讨黄芩苷抗炎分子机制,为RA的临床治疗提供实验依据。

1 材料与方法 1.1 细胞、主要试剂和仪器

大鼠滑膜RSC-364细胞购于北京鼎国生物技术有限公司,采用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM完全培养液培养,于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养。LPS和ECL底物化学发光液购于北京鼎国生物技术有限公司;DMEM、胎牛血清、胰蛋白酶、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和噻唑蓝(MTT)购于美国Sigma公司;黄芩苷购于西安瑞芬生物工程有限公司,黄芩苷溶解于完全培养基中配制成40 μmol·L-1储存液;逆转录cDNA试剂盒和高纯度总RNA快捷提取试剂盒购于美国BioTake公司;β-actin多克隆抗体(ab8227)、Beclin1 (ab62557)、微管相关蛋白-轻链3-Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein-light chain3-Ⅱ, LC3-Ⅱ)(ab48394)和HRP标记二抗(ab205718)均购自英国Abcam公司;Atg5(A0203)、Atg7(A0691)、Atg12(A17045)和P62(A7758)均购自中国武汉AB clonal公司。Bio-Rad 680酶标仪购于美国Bio-Rad公司,E-Gellmager凝胶成像系统购于美国Thermo公司,Eppendorf-PCR仪购于德国Eppendorf公司,JY200C通用型电泳仪购于上海珂淮仪器有限公司。

1.2 实验分组和MTT法检测各组RSC-364细胞存活率

采用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM完全培养液培养RSC-364细胞,取处于对数生长期RSC-364细胞,以细胞密度1.0 ×104 mL-1接种于96孔细胞培养板,每组设置6个复孔,每孔接种200 μL,置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养24 h后,分为对照组,模型组,地塞米松(DXMS)组,10、20和40 μmol·L-1黄芩苷组。对照组RSC-364细胞只加入细胞培养基,其他各组RSC-364细胞均给予1 mg·L-1 LPS诱导其炎症反应, 培养12 h后, 黄芩苷组RSC-364细胞分别加入10、20和40 μmol·L-1黄芩苷,DXMS组RSC-364细胞给予终浓度为0.5 μmol·L-1 DXMS,继续孵育24 h后,每孔加入20 μL MTT溶液于培养箱中培养4 h。随后弃去上清液,每孔加入150 μL DMSO,混匀10 min后,在490 nm处检测吸光度(A)值并记录结果,所测A值越小,则存活细胞数就越少。细胞存活率=给药组A值/对照组A值× 100%。

1.3 RT-PCR法检测各组RSC-364细胞中PI3k、Akt、mTOR、Beclin1、Atg5、Atg7、Atg12和LC3-Ⅱ mRNA表达水平

采用RNA提取试剂盒提取各组大鼠滑膜RSC-364细胞总RNA。采用逆转录cDNA试剂盒(BioTake)以总RNA为模板,进行逆转录cDNA;RT-PCR反应体系(25 μL)包括:2 Taq Master Mix 12.5 μL、双蒸水9.5 μL、上游引物1 μL、下游引物1 μL和cDNA1 μL。PCR扩增以逆转录cDNA为模板,在94℃、3 min条件下进行初始变性,经过20个循环,94℃、30 s变性,65℃、30 s退火和72℃、1 min延伸过程,72℃、10 min充分延伸;其次点样,100 V、40 min电泳,采用ImageJ6.0软件分析扩增后的琼脂糖凝胶电泳条带灰度值,进行目的基因mRNA半定量分析,计算各组RSC-364细胞中PI3k、Akt、mTOR、Beclin1、Atg5、Atg7、Atg12和LC3-Ⅱ mRNA表达水平。目的基因mRNA表达水平=目的基因条带灰度值/内参GAPDH条带灰度值。以上实验至少重复3次。RT-PCR引物序列见表 1

表 1 RT-PCR引物序列 Tab. 1 Sequences of RT-PCR primers
Primer Primer sequence (5′-3′) Fragment
length (bp)
Atg5 Forward: TGTGATCCCGGTAGACCCAA
Reverse: AAACCACACGTCTCGAAGCA
170
Atg7 Forward: GGTGAGGGGACTGGACTTTTA
Reverse: GCACCAACTCTGCTGTTCTC
264
Atg12 Forward: GCTGAAGGCTGTAGGAGACA
Reverse: CATCCCCATGCCTGTGATTTG
249
PI3k Forward: GTGGACACCCAAGCTGACTG
Reverse: AAGCAAATCCCTTCACCCCAA
179
Akt Forward: GGAGTGTGTGGACAGTGAACG
Reverse: TCAGGTACAGATGATCCATGCG
150
mTOR Forward: CAGAGGTGTGGTTTGACCGA
Reverse: CAGCATCAGGTTGGATGGGT
110
Beclin1 Forward: AACTCTGGAGGTCTCGCTCT
Reverse: CGCCTTAGACCCCTCCATTC
109
LC3-Ⅱ Forward: TCCCAAGAAACCTTCGGCTT
Reverse: CCAGCACCCAAAAGAGCAAG
231
GAPDH Forward: GGCAAGTTCAACGGCACAG
Reverse: GCCAGTAGACTCCACGACAT
124
1.4 Western blotting法检测各组RSC-364细胞中Beclin1、Atg5、Atg7、Atg12、LC3-Ⅱ和P62蛋白表达水平

细胞裂解缓冲液、PMSF和磷酸酶抑制剂配置工作液,用于滑膜RSC-364细胞总蛋白的提取。采用BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒对蛋白质进行定量分析。具体方法:配胶,浓缩胶、分离胶(12%SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶);上样,各组取50 μg样本蛋白;电泳,浓缩胶80V、30 min,分离胶100 V、1.5 h;转模,PVDF膜,100 V、1 h;封闭,5%脱脂奶粉,室温封闭1 h;孵育一抗,4℃过夜。采用TBST稀释兔抗大鼠抗体、Atg5、Atg7、Atg12、LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin1、P62和β-actin;回收一抗,TBST进行洗膜3次,每次10 min;孵育二抗:HRP标记山羊抗兔IgG(1:10 000稀释)室温1 h,TBST洗3次,每次10 min;采用增强化学发光底物试剂盒进行免疫检测。以β-actin作为蛋白内参对照,采用ImageJ6.0软件对特异蛋白条带的灰度值进行定量分析, 计算各组RSC-364细胞中Beclin1、Atg5、Atg7、Atg12、LC3-Ⅱ和P62蛋白表达水平。目的蛋白表达水平=目的蛋白条带灰度值/内参β-actin条带灰度值。以上实验至少重复3次。

1.5 统计学分析

所有数据均采用Graphpad Prism 5.0软件进行统计学分析。各组RSC-364细胞存活率,RSC-364细胞中PI3k、Akt、mTOR、Beclin1、Atg5、Atg7、Atg12和LC3-Ⅱ mRNA及Beclin1、Atg5、Atg7、LC3-Ⅱ和P62蛋白表达水平均以x ±s表示,多组间样本均数比较采用单因素方差分析,组间样本均数两两比较采用SNK-q检验。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 各组RSC-364细胞存活率

与对照组比较,模型组RSC-364细胞存活率明显升高(P < 0.01);与模型组比较,不同浓度黄芩苷组RSC-364细胞存活率明显降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。见图 1

1:Control group; 2:Model group; 3:DXMS group; 4:10 μmol·L-1 baicalin group; 5:20 μmol·L-1 baicalin group; 6:40 μmol·L-1 baicalin group; *P < 0.01 compared with control group; P < 0.05, △△P < 0.01 compared with model group. 图 1 MTT法检测各组RSC-364细胞存活率MTT法检测各组RSC-364细胞存活率 Fig. 1 Survival rates of RSC-364 cells in various groups detected by MTT assay
2.2 各组RSC-364细胞中PI3k、Akt、mTOR、Beclin1、Atg5、Atg7、Atg12和LC3-Ⅱ mRNA表达水平

与对照组比较,模型组RSC-364细胞中PI3k、Akt和mTOR mRNA表达水平明显降低(P < 0.05),Beclin1、Atg5、Atg7、Atg12和LC3-Ⅱ mRNA表达水平升高(P < 0.05或P < 0.01);与模型组比较,不同浓度黄芩苷组RSC-364细胞中PI3k、Akt和mTOR mRNA表达水平明显升高(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),Beclin1、Atg5、Atg7、Atg12及LC3-Ⅱ mRNA表达水平明显降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01);不同浓度黄芩苷组RSC-364细胞中上述指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见图 2图 3

Lane1: Control group; Lane 2: Model group; Lane 3: DXMS group; Lane 4-6:10, 20, and 40 μmol·L-1 baicalin groups. 图 2 各组RSC-364细胞中PI3k、Akt、mTOR、Atg5、Atg7、Atg12、Beclin1和LC3-Ⅱ mRNA表达电泳图 Fig. 2 Electrophoregram of expressions of PI3k, Akt, mTOR, Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, Beclin1, and LC3-Ⅱ mRNA in RSC-364 cells in various groups
A:Expression levels of PI3K, mTOR, and Atg5 mRNA; B:Expression levels of Atg7, Atg12, Beclin1, and LC3-Ⅱ mRNA; 1:Control group; 2:Model group; 3:DXMS group; 4-6:10, 20, and 40 μmol·L-1 baicalin groups.*P < 0.01 compared with control group; P < 0.05, △△P < 0.01 compared with model group. 图 3 各组RSC-364细胞中PI3k、Akt、mTOR、Beclin1、Atg5、Atg7、Atg12和LC3-Ⅱ mRNA表达水平 Fig. 3 Expression levels of PI3k, Akt, mTOR, Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, Beclin1, and LC3-Ⅱ mRNA in RSC-364 cells in various groups
2.3 各组RSC-364细胞中Beclin1、Atg5、Atg7、Atg12、LC3-Ⅱ和P62蛋白表达水平

与对照组比较,模型组RSC-364细胞中LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin1、Atg5、Atg7和Atg12蛋白表达水平明显升高(P < 0.01),P62蛋白表达水平降低(P < 0.01);与模型组比较,不同浓度黄芩苷组RSC-364细胞LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin1、Atg5、Atg7和Atg12蛋白表达水平明显降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),P62蛋白表达水平升高(P < 0.05或P < 0.01);不同浓度黄芩苷组RSC-364细胞中上述指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见图 4图 5

Lane 1: Control group; Lane 2: Model group; Lane 3: DXMS group; Lane 4-6:10, 20, and 40 μmol L-1 baicalin groups. 图 4 Western blotting法检测各组RSC-364细胞中Atg5、Atg7、Atg12、Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ和P62蛋白表达电泳图 Fig. 4 Electrophoregram of expressions of Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, Beclin1, LC3-Ⅱ, and P62 proteins in RSC-364 cells in various groups detected by Western blotting method
A:Expression levels of Atg5, Atg7, and Atg12 proteins; B:Expression levels of Beclin1, LC3-Ⅱ, and P62 proteins; 1:Control group; 2:Model group; 3:DXMS group; 4-6:10, 20, and 40 μmol·L-1 baicalin groups; *P < 0.01 compared with control group; P < 0.05, △△P < 0.01 compared with model group. 图 5 各组RSC-364细胞中Atg5、Atg7、Atg12、Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ和P62蛋白表达水平 Fig. 5 Expression levels of Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, Beclin1, LC3-Ⅱ, and P62 proteins in RSC-364 cells in various groups
3 讨论

RA是一种因免疫耐受机制而产生的慢性变态反应性疾病[11],其主要特征为滑膜增生和炎性细胞浸润。研究[7]已证实:RASFs大量增殖是RA发病的关键因素之一。近年来,常采用体外培养大鼠滑膜RSC-364细胞经LPS诱导,促使细胞增殖并分泌大量炎性因子作为细胞水平炎症模型。本研究结果显示:LPS诱导后,模型组RSC-364细胞大量增殖;给予黄芩苷后,LPS诱导的RSC-364细胞存活率明显降低,其增殖明显受到抑制,提示黄芩苷可抑制LPS诱导的RSC-364细胞增殖;与相关文献[12]报道的结果一致。

自噬是生物体中进化保守的溶酶体降解的途径[13],其能调控细胞存活、增殖和凋亡等,以维持细胞内平衡。自噬失调与其自身免疫性疾病发病机制有关[14],RA发病过程中存在自噬途径的失调。研究[9]显示:RASFs通过各种途径激活自噬,以维持细胞内环境稳定,促使滑膜细胞的大量增殖,导致关节炎症反应加重。

PI3k/Akt/mTOR信号通路在细胞自噬中发挥着重要作用[10]。PI3k和Akt是mTOR重要的上游调控因子,PI3k可以激活Akt,活化的Akt进一步磷酸化mTOR[15]。mTOR作为自噬启动阶段的关键调节因子,活化后可抑制自噬的发生[16]。Beclin 1是启动自噬的关键,在哺乳动物细胞中,Beclin 1表达上调可以激活自噬[17]。Atg5和Atg7对自噬小体的延伸起重要作用,Atg7启动Atg5- Atg12结合以及LC3-Ⅰ脂化反应形成LC3-Ⅱ [12, 18]。P62水平经常被用作自噬活动的标志,其充当信号转导分子和自噬选择性底物,连接多泛素化蛋白及其相关蛋白细胞器到自噬体进行降解[19]

本研究结果显示:模型组RSC-364细胞中PI3k、Akt和mTOR mRNA表达水平降低,Atg5、Atg7、Atg12、Beclin1和LC3-ⅡmRNA及蛋白表达水平升高,P62蛋白表达水平较低,提示LPS诱导的RSC-364细胞中可通过抑制PI3k/Akt/mTOR信号通路激活自噬;给予黄芩苷后,黄芩苷组RSC-364细胞中自噬通路PI3k、Akt和mTOR mRNA表达水平升高,Atg5、Atg7、Atg12、Beclin1和LC3-ⅡmRNA及蛋白表达水平降低,P62蛋白表达水平升高,提示黄芩苷可通过促进PI3k/Akt/mTOR信号通路抑制LPS诱导的RSC-364细胞自噬。

综上所述,黄芩苷可能通过激活PI3k/Akt /mTOR信号通路抑制LPS诱导的RSC-364细胞自噬,从而抑制炎性RSC-364细胞增殖。

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