吉林大学学报(医学版)  2020, Vol. 46 Issue (01): 144-148     DOI: 10.13481/j.1671-587x.20200125

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王宁, 郑延坤, 秦明照
WANG Ning, ZHENG Yankun, QIN Mingzhao
绝经后女性促卵泡激素水平与血脂指标的关系
Relationships between follicle-stimulating hormone level and lipid profiles in post-menopausal women
吉林大学学报(医学版), 2020, 46(01): 144-148
Journal of Jilin University (Medicine Edition), 2020, 46(01): 144-148
10.13481/j.1671-587x.20200125

文章历史

收稿日期: 2019-09-04
绝经后女性促卵泡激素水平与血脂指标的关系
王宁1 , 郑延坤2 , 秦明照1     
1. 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院老年医学科, 北京 100730;
2. 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院综合内科, 北京 100730
[摘要]: 目的 探讨绝经后女性促卵泡激素(FSH)水平与各项血脂指标的关系,为评估绝经后女性的血脂异常风险提供依据。方法 选取绝经1年以上女性129例,依据FSH中位数将研究对象分为低水平FSH组(FSH < 57.6IU·L-1)和高水平FSH组(FSH≥57.6 IU·L-1)。收集受试者身高、体质量、体质量指数(BMI)、年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限、吸烟史和基础疾病史等资料,采用统一方法检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)、雌二醇(E2)、FSH、静脉空腹血糖(FBG)和血尿酸(SUA)等指标。应用多因素Logistic回归分析FSH水平与血脂异常的关系。结果 纳入本研究的绝经后女性受试者平均年龄为(61.22±7.30)岁,绝经年龄为(49.97±4.00)岁,绝经年限为(11.16±7.98)年。绝经后女性受试者并发血脂异常的比例为65.9%(85/129),低水平FSH组和高水平FSH组受试者并发血脂异常的比例比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。低水平FSH组受试者的TG水平高于高水平FSH组(P < 0.01),而HDL-C水平低于高水平FSH组(P < 0.01),2组间TC、LDL-C和non-HDL-C水平比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析,校正E2水平、年龄、绝经年限、高血压病史、糖尿病史、有无脂肪肝和BMI等级因素后,FSH水平与TG升高(≥2.3 mmol·L-1)呈负相关关系(P < 0.05),FSH每升高10 IU·L-1则TG升高的风险下降29.5%(95% CI:3.6%~48.5%),而FSH水平与TC升高(≥6.2 mmol·L-1)、LDL-C升高(≥4.1 mmol·L-1)、HDL-C降低(< 1.0 mmol·L-1)和non-HDL-C升高(≥4.9 mmol·L-1)无明显相关性(均P>0.05)。结论 绝经后女性的FSH水平与TG升高呈明显负相关关系,提示低水平FSH是绝经后女性血脂异常的危险因素。
关键词: 心血管疾病    促卵泡激素    血脂    绝经    
Relationships between follicle-stimulating hormone level and lipid profiles in post-menopausal women
WANG Ning1 , ZHENG Yankun2 , QIN Mingzhao1     
1. Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China;
2. Department of General Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
[ABSTRACT]: Objective To explore the relationships between the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level and the lipid profiles in the post-menopausal women, and to provide evidence for assessing the risk of dyslipidemia in the post-menopausal women. Methods A total of 129 women with menopause for more than 1 year were selected as the subjects and divided into low FSH group(FSH < 57.6 IU·L-1) and high FSH group (FSH ≥ 57.6 IU·L-1) according to the median of FSH. The data including height, weight, body mass index(BMI), age, menopausal age, duration of menopause, history of smoking, chronic diseases history of the subjects were collected; the serum total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), non-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C), estradiol(E2), FSH, fasting blood glucose, serum uric acid of the subjects were detected with the same method. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between the FSH level and dyslipidemia. Results The average age of the post-menopausal women was (61.22±7.30) years, the age of menopause was (49.97±4.00) years, and the duration of menopause was (11.16±7.98) years. The proportion of post-menopausal women with dyslipidemia was 65.9%(85/129), and there was no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05).Compared with high FSH group, the TG level of the subjects in low FSH group was increased(P < 0.01) and the HDL-C level was decreased(P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels between two groups. The Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting the E2 level, age, duration of menopause, hypertension history, diabetes history, fatty liver and the BMI grade, FSH level had a negative correlation with TG increase(≥ 2.3mmol·L-1)(P < 0.05). Each 10-unit increase in FSH was associated with a 29.5% lower risk of elevated TG (95%CI: 3.5%-48.5%). FSH was not significantly associated with the elevated TC(≥ 6.2mmol·L-1), elevated LDL-C(≥ 4.1mmol·L-1), decreased HDL-C(< 1.0 mmol·L-1) and elevated non-HDL-C. Conclusion The FSH level is negatively associated with elevated TG inthe post-menopausal women, suggesting that low FSH appears to be a risk factor of dyslipidemia in the post-menopausal women.
KEYWORDS: cardiovascular disease    follicle-stimulating hormone    lipid profiles    post-menopause    

心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)是绝经后女性的主要死亡原因[1]。绝经后女性CVD的多种危险因素均增加,包括血脂异常[2]。既往认为血脂异常与绝经后女性雌激素(estradiol,E2)缺乏有关[3-4]。近年来研究[5-9]表明:促卵泡激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)水平对绝经后女性CVD风险有影响,但二者的具体关系尚不明确。有研究[5-6]表明:较高水平的FSH与绝经后女性CVD发病风险增加有关。也有研究[7-9]显示:较高水平的FSH与CVD风险下降有关。研究[7, 10-12]表明:绝经后女性的FSH水平高低与其血脂变化有关,但相关研究较少,且结论也不尽相同。本研究旨在进一步探讨绝经后女性FSH水平与各项血脂指标变化的关系,为评估绝经后女性的CVD发病风险提供一定的临床依据。

1 资料与方法 1.1 研究对象

选取2018年1月—2019年6月在北京同仁医院干部医疗科及综合内科住院的绝经1年以上女性受试者129例,平均年龄(61.22±7.30)岁,绝经年龄(49.97±4.00)岁,绝经时限(11.16±7.98)年。排除标准:①接受过子宫及双附件切除手术者;②目前口服避孕药者;③正在应用激素替代治疗者;④病例资料不全者。本研究为回顾性横断面研究,不干预临床诊治,且所有受试者资料均匿名使用。

1.2 分组

FSH水平中位数为57.60 IU·L-1,依据FSH水平将受试者分为低水平FSH组(FSH < 57.6 IU·L-1)和高水平FSH组(FSH≥57.6 IU·L-1),其中低水平FSH组64例,高水平FSH组65例。

1.3 观察指标

主要观察指标为血脂和性激素,其中血脂包括血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)和非HDL-C (non-HDL-C)。血脂异常是指包括血浆中胆固醇和(或)TG升高及低高密度脂蛋白血症在内的各种血脂异常。将满足下列1项及1项以上者定义为血脂异常[13]:①TC升高(≥6.2mmol·L-1);②TG升高(≥2.3mmol·L-1);③LDL-C升高(≥4.1mmol·L-1);④HDL-C降低(< 1.0mmol·L-1);⑤non-HDL-C升高(≥4.9mmol·L-1);⑥应用降脂药物。性激素指标包括E2及FSH。

次要指标包括:①体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)。BMI < 18.5kg·m-2为体质量过低,18.5kg·m-2≤BMI < 24.0 kg·m-2为正常体质量,24.0 kg·m-2≤BMI < 28.0 kg·m-2为超重,BMI≥28.0 kg·m-2为肥胖[14]。②血尿酸(serum uric acid,SUA)。③静脉空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)。隔夜空腹(至少8~10 h未进任何食物,饮水除外)后,早餐前采静脉血检测FBG。④肝功能指标包括谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)。⑤脂肪肝。依据腹部B型超声结果,分为正常、轻度脂肪肝、中度脂肪肝和重度脂肪肝4个等级。此外还收集了受试者高血压病史、糖尿病史、吸烟史、绝经年龄和绝经年限等资料。所有受试者的生化指标均在清晨空腹抽取肘静脉血2 mL,采用全自动生化分析仪进行检测。

1.4 统计学分析

采用SPSS22.0统计软件进行统计学分析。正态分布的计量资料包括受试者年龄、身高、体质量、BMI和各项生化指标,计量资料正态分布且方差齐时,以x±s表示,2组间比较采用两独立样本t检验;当正态分布且方差不齐时,2组间比较采用近似t检验。非正态分布的计量资料包括受试者绝经年龄和绝经时限,以中位数和四分位数间距[M(P25,P75)]表示,组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料包括血脂异常、吸烟史、高血压病史、糖尿病史和并发脂肪肝比例,均以百分率(%)表示,2组间率的比较采用χ2检验。应用多元Logistic回归分析影响血脂异常的危险因素,变量筛选采用Stepwise法。采用双侧检验,以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 2组患者一般指标和生化指标

低水平FSH组和高水平FSH组受试者的体质量、BMI、FBG、并发糖尿病比例和脂肪肝比例比较差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。本研究中绝经后女性并发血脂异常的比例为65.9%(85/129),低水平FSH组与高水平FSH组受试者并发血脂异常的比例比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。与高水平FSH组比较,低水平FSH组受试者的TG水平升高(P < 0.01),HDL-C水平降低(P < 0.01),2组受试者TC、LDL-C和non-HDL-C水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见表 1

表 1 2组受试者一般观察指标和相关生化指标 Tab. 1 General observation indexes and biochemical indexes of subjects in two groups
Group n Age (year) Height (l/cm) Weight (m/kg) BMI (kg·m-2) Smoking (η/%) HTN (η/%) DM (η/%) Fatty liver (η/%)
Low FSH 64 61.55±6.88 160.53±5.21 65.98±9.36 25.59±3.30 1.56 62.50 70.31 58.38
High FSH 65 60.89±7.73 159.98±5.68 62.16±7.59 24.34±3.22 1.54 61.54 49.23 33.85
t/χ2 0.508 0.569 2.548 2.172 0.013 5.957 8.448
P 0.613 0.571 0.012 0.032 0.910 0.015 0.004
Group n Menopausal age(year) Duration of menopause (year) SUA [cB/(mol·L-1)] ALT [λB /(IU·L-1)] AST [λB /(IU·L-1)] FBG [cB/(mmol·L-1)]
Low FSH 64 50(49.3, 53.0) 10.0(3.3, 17.0) 308.55±63.62 20.85±13.44 21.82±11.78 7.33±2.64
High FSH 65 50(48.0, 52.0) 10.0(4.0, 10.0) 294.57±77.94 18.81±11.46 20.10±6.97 5.89±2.22
t/Z -1.378 -0.007 1.085 0.909 0.985 3.267
P 0.169 0.995 0.280 0.365 0.327 0.001
Group n E2 [ρB/(ng·L-1)] TC [cB/(mmol·L-1)] TG [cB/(mmol·L-1)] LDL-C [cB/(mmol·L-1)] HDL-C [cB/(mmol·L-1)] Non-HDL-C [cB/(mmol·L-1)] Dislypidemia (η/%)
Low FSH 64 16.89±15.08 4.72±1.05 1.98±1.41 2.83±0.98 1.19±0.34 3.54±1.01 70.3
High FSH 65 14.95±12.82 4.68±1.05 1.33±0.58 2.78±0.94 1.38±0.37 3.31±1.02 61.5
t/χ2 0.786 0.242 3.387 0.278 -2.958 1.283 1.105
P 0.433 0.809 0.001 0.781 0.004 0.202 0.293
HTN:Hypertension; DM:Diabetic mellitus.
2.2 FSH水平与血脂指标多元Logistic回归分析

分别以血脂异常、TC升高(≥6.2 mmol·L-1)、TG升高(≥2.3 mmol·L-1)、LDL-C升高(≥4.1 mmol·L-1)、HDL-C降低(< 1.0 mmol·L-1)和non-HDL-C升高(≥4.9 mmol·L-1)为因变量,以FSH水平、E2水平、年龄、绝经时限、BMI等级、有无脂肪肝、高血压病史和糖尿病史为自变量,进行多元Logistic回归分析,结果显示:FSH水平与TG升高呈负相关关系(P < 0.05),FSH水平每升高10IU·L-1,则TG升高(≥2.3 mmol·L-1)的风险下降29.5%(95%CI:3.6%~48.5%),而FSH水平与血脂异常、TC升高、LDL-C升高、HDL-C下降和non-HDL-C升高无相关性(均P > 0.05)。见表 2

表 2 绝经后女性FSH水平与各项血脂指标关系的多元Logistic回归分析 Tab. 2 Multivariate Logistic analysis on relationships of each lipid index and FSH level in post-menopausal women
Dependent β per 1 IU·L-1 higher FSH SE Wald OR per 10 IU·L-1 higher FSH 95%CI P
Dyslipidemia -0.003 0.009 0.076 0.970 0.814-1.158 0.783
Elevated TC 0.006 0.013 0.185 1.062 0.823-1.370 0.667
Elevated TG -0.035 0.016 4.823 0.705 0.515-0.964 0.028
Elevated LDL-C -0.005 0.013 0.142 0.950 0.737-1.227 0.706
Elevated HDL-C -0.011 0.010 1.028 0.896 0.736-1.090 0.311
Elevated non-HDL-C 0.000 0.014 0.000 1.000 0.760-1.316 1.000
3 讨论

FSH是女性卵泡发育和生殖细胞成熟所必需的激素。FSH受体不仅在生殖组织中表达,在血管[15]、肝脏[10]和脂肪组织[16]等部位也有表达。FSH水平在围绝经期开始升高,且至绝经后均处于较高水平。一些研究[5-6]结果显示:高水平FSH会增加绝经后女性CVD风险;另一些研究则提示高水平FSH与CVD风险下降有关[7-9]

本课题组前期针对健康体检女性进行的血脂调查研究[17]显示:绝经与血脂异常有关,绝经后女性血脂异常患病率升高,其中TC、TG、LDL-C和non-HDL-C水平均高于未绝经女性,HDL-C水平低于未绝经女性,差异有统计学意义。本研究进一步探讨绝经后女性FSH水平对各项血脂指标的影响。

目前国内外针对FSH与血脂关系的研究较少,且研究结果不尽相同。研究[18]显示:高水平FSH组绝经后女性的TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C水平高于低水平FSH组。SONG等[10]研究发现:FSH升高与TC和LDL-C水平升高有关。SERVIENTE等[12]研究同样发现:绝经后女性高水平FSH与TC和LDL-C水平升高有关,差异有统计学意义;高水平FSH与HDL-C水平升高和TG水平降低也有关联, 但差异无统计学意义。有研究[7]表明:绝经后女性FSH水平与HDL-C水平呈正相关关系,与TG水平呈负相关关系。

本研究结果显示:与高水平FSH组(FSH≥57.6IU·L-1)比较,低水平FSH(FSH < 57.6IU·L-1)组绝经后女性受试者的TG水平更高,HDL-C水平更低,但FSH水平与TC和LDL-C水平变化无明显相关性;在校正E2和绝经年龄等其他因素后结果显示:FSH水平与TG升高呈负相关关系,随着FSH水平升高,TG升高(≥2.3mmol·L-1)的风险下降。本研究结果与WANG等[7]和GAO等[11]的研究结果一致,提示低水平FSH是绝经后女性血脂异常的危险因素。研究[19]显示:亚洲不同种族的绝经后女性FSH水平存在明显差异,考虑与其不同的文化背景和生活方式等因素有关。

关于FSH对绝经后女性血脂代谢影响的机制目前尚不清楚。近期一项研究[10]表明:在小鼠模型中,FSH与肝细胞中的FSH受体相互作用,可降低LDL-C受体水平,从而减弱LDL-C的内吞作用。另有研究[16, 20-21]显示:FSH通过上调动物模型中FSH受体mRNA表达和Gα蛋白i亚基(Gαi)/钙离子(Ca2+)/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)通路,促进脂肪组织的脂质生物合成和内脏脂肪积累。上述机制尚不能解释本研究结果,需要进一步行纵向调查来证实。

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