吉林大学学报(医学版)  2019, Vol. 45 Issue (02): 400-404     DOI: 10.13481/j.1671-587x.20190232

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金爱红, 周霞平, 余志英
JIN Aihong, ZHOU Xiaping, YU Zhiying
蛋白聚糖和ADAMTS-1在多囊卵巢综合征患者血清中的表达及其临床意义
Expressions of Versican and ADAMTS-1 in polycysticovary syndrome patients and their clincal significances
吉林大学学报(医学版), 2019, 45(02): 400-404
Journal of Jilin University (Medicine Edition), 2019, 45(02): 400-404
10.13481/j.1671-587x.20190232

文章历史

收稿日期: 2018-05-08
蛋白聚糖和ADAMTS-1在多囊卵巢综合征患者血清中的表达及其临床意义
金爱红1 , 周霞平2 , 余志英1     
1. 广东省深圳市第二人民医院妇科, 广东 深圳 518035;
2. 广东省深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院, 广东 深圳 518133
[摘要]: 目的: 探讨蛋白聚糖(Versican)和Ⅰ型血小板结合蛋白基序的解聚蛋白样金属蛋白酶(ADAMTS-1)在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清中的表达,阐明二者在PCOS发病中的作用。方法: 选取80例PCOS患者(PCOS组)和100名正常体检妇女(对照组)为研究对象,测量2组受试对象身高和体质量,计算体质量指数(BMI);采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测2组受试对象血清中Versican和ADAMTS-1水平,测定2组受试对象血清中卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成激素(LH)、睾酮(T)、空腹血糖(FBG)和空腹胰岛素等水平;采用胰岛素抵抗指数稳态模式评估法(HOMA-IR)评估胰岛素抵抗。采用Pearson直线相关分析法分析Versican和ADAMTS-1与代谢指标的相关性。结果: PCOS组患者血清中Versican水平低于对照组(P=0.004),PCOS组患者血清中ADAMTS-1水平低于对照组(P < 0.01)。Versican和ADAMTS-1预测PCOS的灵敏度、特异度、受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)分别为76.74% vs 63.64%(P=0.018)、52.94% vs 40.73%(P=0.009)和0.675(0.550~0.795)vs 0.714(0.601~0.827)(P=0.032)。PCOS组患者Versican水平与FBG水平呈负相关关系(r=-0.738,P=0.022),ADAMTS-1水平与FBG水平亦呈负相关关系(r=-0.524,P=0.043)。结论: Versican和ADAMTS-1在PCOS患者外周血中低表达,并与胰岛素抵抗呈负相关关系,在PCOS发生中可能起抑制作用。
关键词: 蛋白聚糖    Ⅰ型血小板结合蛋白基序的解聚蛋白样金属蛋白酶    多囊卵巢综合征    胰岛素抵抗    空腹血糖    
Expressions of Versican and ADAMTS-1 in polycysticovary syndrome patients and their clincal significances
JIN Aihong1 , ZHOU Xiaping2 , YU Zhiying1     
1. Department of Gynecology, Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518035, China;
2. Shenzhen Baoan District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518133, China
[ABSTRACT]: Objective: To determine the expressions of Versican and a distintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motifs(ADAMTS-1) in serum in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, and to clarify their roles in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Methods: A total of 80 patients with PCOS (PCOS group) and 100 healthy women (control group) were selected.The heights and body weights of the subjects in two groups were measured; and the body mass index(BMI) was calculated.The levels of serum Versican and ADAMTS-1 of the subjects in two groups were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method.The levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), testosterone(T), fasting blood glucose(FBG), fasting insulin of the subjects in two groups were detected; insulin resistance was evaluated according to Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).The correlations between Versican, ADAMTS-1 and the metabolic indexes were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation analysis. Results: The serum Versican level of the paticnts in PCOS group was significantly decreased compared with control group (P=0.004);the serum ADAMTS-1 level was also decreased (P < 0.01). The sensitivities, the specificities and the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of Versican and ADAMTS-1 in prediction of PCOS were 76.74% vs 63.64% (P=0.018), 52.94% vs 40.73% (P=0.009) and 0.675 (0.550-0.795) vs 0.714(0.601-0.827) (P=0.032), respectively. The correlation analysis showed that in PCOS group the serum level of Versican of the patients was negatively correlated with FBG(r=-0.738, P=0.022), and ADAMTS-1 was negatively correlated with FBG(r= -0.524, P=0.043). Conclusion: Versican and ADAMTS-1 lowly express in the patients with PCOS. They are negatively correlated with the insulin resistance.They may play inhibitory effects in the occurrence of PCOS.
KEYWORDS: Versican     a distintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motifs     polycystic ovary syndrome     insulin resistance     fasting blood glucose    

多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)表现为雄激素水平升高和持续无排卵,是导致不孕的常见病因,目前PCOS的发病机制不清楚。研究[1-3]显示:基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)在PCOS的发病中起重要作用。Ⅰ型血小板结合蛋白基序的解聚蛋白样金属蛋白酶(a distintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motifs,ADAMTS-1)是最近发现的金属蛋白酶,与细胞外基质有关,是排卵过程中不可或缺的关键性蛋白酶[4]。多能蛋白聚糖(Versican)属于外源凝集素家族的大分子硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖,分布于卵巢和子宫中,在排卵及着床过程中可能起重要作用[5]。ADAMTS-1和Versican与PCOS的相关性尚不清楚,因此本研究观察PCOS患者血清中ADAMTS-1和Versican的表达,旨在为PCOS的诊断和治疗提供依据。

1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料

选取2016年1月-2017年9月于广东省深圳市第二医院妇科接受治疗的80例PCOS患者为研究对象(PCOS组)。入组标准(PCOS诊断标准采用2003年鹿特丹国际会议制定的标准,符合以下3个标准中的2个):①少或无排卵;②临床和(或)生化高雄激素血症的迹象;③超声表现为卵巢多囊样改变,并排除其他疾病。排除标准:使用影响胰岛素分泌与脂蛋白代谢药物;高血压;吸烟;心血管家族史疾病,库欣综合征,雄激素分泌肿瘤,晚发性21羟化酶缺乏症;甲状腺功能紊乱;目前使用口服避孕药;自身免疫性疾病;高泌乳素血症。选取在本院体检中心体检的健康妇女100人作为对照组。入组标准:月经周期规则;月经第2~3天性激素检测在正常范围;B超排除双侧卵巢多囊样改变;18岁<年龄<36岁。2组受试对象年龄、身高和体质量等各项指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。所有入选对象均签署知情同意书,本研究取得广东省深圳市第二医院伦理道德委员会批准。

1.2 检测指标

所用受试者于月经的第2~3天(闭经者于B超未见>1 cm卵泡时)抽取肘静脉血10mL,5 mL以3000 r·min-1离心15~20 min,取血清后将其置于冰箱(-80℃)保存待测。使用ELISA法检测血清ADAMTS-1和Versican水平(试剂盒购自武汉博士德公司)。另5 mL血样送实验室采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定血清葡萄糖水平,化学发光法检测血清卵泡刺激激素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone, LH)、总睾酮(total testosterone,T)、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、泌乳素、硫酸脱氢表雄酮(dehydroepiandrosterone,DHEA)和空腹胰岛素水平。计算体质量指数(body mass index, BMI),BMI=体质量(kg)/身高2(m2)。采用胰岛素抵抗指数稳态模式评估法(HOMA-IR)评估胰岛素抵抗情况。HOMA-IR= FBG(mmol·L-1)×空腹胰岛素(mIU·L-1)/122.5。通过酶比色法测定血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)和甘油三酯(trilaurate glycerin,TG)水平。

1.3 统计学分析

采用SPSS22.0统计软件进行统计学分析。2组受试对象基本资料数据均以x±s表示,2组数据在满足正态分布情况下,组间比较采用两独立样本t检验。绘制ADAMTS-1和Versican水平预测PCOS的受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,灵敏度=筛检试验阳性人数/确诊阳性人数×100%,特异度=筛检试验阴性人数/确诊阴性人数×100%。ADAMTS-1和Versican水平与代谢指标的相关性分析采用Pearson直线相关分析。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 2组受试对象一般资料和各项指标水平

2组受试对象年龄和BMI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PCOS组患者血糖、胰岛素、HOMA-IR、LH和雌二醇水平高于对照组(P<0.05);PCOS组患者ADAMTS-1水平低于对照组(P=0.004);PCOS组Versican水平低于对照组(P < 0.01)。见表 1

表 1 2组受试对象一般资料和各项指标水平 Tab. 1 General informations and levels of various indicators of subjects in two groups
Group n Age (year) Age at menarche (year) BMI (kg·m-2) FBG (mg·dL-1) Insulin[λB/(mIU·L-1)] HOMA-IR Estradiol [ρB/(ng·L-1)] LH [λB/(IU·L-1)] FSH[λB/(IU·L-1)] DHEA-S (μg·dL-1) TC (mg·dL-1) LDL (mg·dL-1) HDL(mg·dL-1) TG (mg·dL-1) Total testosterone (ng·dL-1) ADAMTS-1 [ρB/(ng·L-1)] Versican [ρB/(μg·L-1)]
Control 100 18.89±2.59 13.02±2.53 22.95±3.70 86.21±7.18 7.05±1.07 1.63±0.49 25.73±7.38 4.66±0.24 6.27±1.71 377.73±33.15 151.92±31.08 70.32±25.33 64.63±9.41 80.98±18.61 20.31±7.24 4.53±1.61 80.61±10.12
PCOS 80 18.38±2.07 12.67±3.10 23.52±2.91 88.54±8.16 10.14±3.13 2.13±0.91 36.82±9.34 8.19±1.06 6.25±1.31 386.15±27.19 156.03±27.06 72.70±23.54 63.80±8.23 85.45±12.64 18.78±5.63 3.93±0.98 69.69±9.51
t 1.433 0.834 1.127 2.036 9.227 4.709 8.900 32.304 0.086 1.832 0.933 0.646 0.621 1.836 1.551 2.927 7.388
P 0.154 0.405 0.261 0.043 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.931 0.069 0.352 0.519 0.535 0.068 0.123 0.004 < 0.01
2.2 ADAMTS-1和Versican预测PCOS的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)、灵敏度和特异度

绘制ADAMTS-1和Versican预测PCOS的ROC曲线,结果表明:ADAMTS-1预测PCOS的AUC高于Versican,但ADAMTS-1预测PCOS的灵敏度和特异度低于Versican。见表 2图 1

表 2 ADAMTS-1和Versican预测PCOS的AUC、灵敏度及特异度 Tab. 2 AUC, sensitivities and specificities of ADAMTS-1 and Versican in prediction of PCOS
Index Cut-off value[ρB/(μg·L-1)] AUC(95%CI) Sensitivity(η/%) Specificity(η/%)
Versican 33.65 0.675(0.550-0.795) 76.74 52.94
ADAMTS-1 16.49 0.714(0.601-0.827) 63.64 40.73
P 0.032 0.018 0.009
图 1 ADAMTS-1(A)和Versican(B)预测PCOS的ROC曲线 Fig. 1 ROC curves of ADAMTS-1(A) and Versican(B) in prediction of PCOS
2.3 PCOS组患者血清中ADAMTS-1和Versican水平与代谢指标的相关性

PCOS组患者血清Versican水平与FBG水平呈负相关关系(r=-0.738,P=0.022),ADAMTS-1水平与FBG水平亦呈负相关关系(r= -0.524,P=0.043)。ADAMTS-1水平和Versican水平与HOMA-IR、游离睾酮与餐后2 h血糖无相关关系(P>0.05)。见表 3

表 3 ADAMTS-1和Versican与代谢指标的相关性分析 Tab. 3 Analysis on correlations between ADAMTS-1, Versican and metabolic indicators
(x±s)
Variable ADAMTS-1 Versican
r P r P
Free testosterone -0.176 0.097 -0.389 0.066
HOMA-IR -0.406 0.062 -0.449 0.058
FBG -0.524 0.043 -0.738 0.022
Post-load 2 h glucose 0.138 0.121 0.142 0.116
3 讨论

PCOS患者多表现为无排卵功能或稀发排卵,目前关于PCOS与患者卵泡发育及排卵的关系尚不清楚。排卵是一个复杂过程,月经中期LH峰导致一些物质过度合成,如P物质、前列腺素(prostaglandin, PG)、生长因子和MMPs。其中MMPs在卵泡破裂中发挥重要的作用[6]。有研究[7]提示排卵前MMPs的活性瀑布式增加。ADAMTS-1是最近发现的一种金属蛋白酶, 最早发现于鼠类结肠腺癌细胞系的细胞外基质, 抑制血管细胞的生成。ADAMTS-1也存在于扩张的卵丘-卵母细胞复合物(cumulus-oocyte complexes,COCs)的细胞外基质中,排卵期在LH的诱导下ADAMTS-1大量地聚集于COCs基质中[8]。有学者[9]利用免疫细胞化学和反转录聚合酶链式反应方法观察ADAMTS-1在PCOS患者颗粒细胞中的表达情况结果表明:PCOS患者ADAMTS-1水平明显低于正常排卵的妇女。本文作者同样发现PCOS患者外周血中ADAMTS-1水平明显低于正常人群,提示ADAMTS-1在PCOS的发生中发挥重要作用,这一发现与其他研究[10-14]结果基本一致。

Versican广泛存在于COCs的细胞外基质,参与排卵过程,Versican的降解在成熟卵母细胞的排出和排卵过程中发挥重要作用[15]。RUSSELL等[16]发现:PRKO小鼠ADAMTS-1表达水平降低,ADAMTS-1和Versican分布在COCs的基质中,Versican是ADAMTS-1裂解的底物,这些结果提示在排卵过程中ADAMTS-1分解Versican。SANDY等[17]发现:ADAMTS-1可以降解Versican。FOULCER等[15]对小鼠注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotropin, HCG)后12~16 h时在COCs的基质中观察到大量Versican的裂解,而ADAMTS-1也高表达,这说明ADAMTS-1通过裂解Versican破坏COCs基质促进卵子的排出。本实验结果显示:PCOS患者血清Versican水平明显低于正常排卵妇女,且ADAMTS-1水平与Versican水平呈正相关关系,这与其他研究[18]结果基本一致。

胰岛素抵抗为PCOS发病的重要病理生理基础之一。有研究[19]显示:高胰岛素血症是非肥胖PCOS患者的临床特征之一,但另外研究[20]却得出相反的结论。TRIMECHÈ等[21]研究发现:PCOS患者LDL和极低密度脂蛋白升高、HDL降低、TG升高、血脂异常程度与糖耐量受损的程度呈正相关关系。多毛是临床高雄激素血症患者的主要征象,多毛及其程度通常以Ferriman-Gallwey(F-G)半定量多毛评分来判断。赵君利等[22]研究发现:以F-G总分≥2分为诊断标准,PCOS患者存在明显的多毛现象。本研究结果显示:与正常健康女性比较,PCOS患者的HOMA-IR升高,LDL和VLDL升高,HDL降低,TG升高;进一步相关分析结果显示:ADAMTS-1和Versican与FBG呈负相关关系,提示胰岛素抵抗可能与PCOS的发生有关联。

综上所述,ADAMTS-1和Versican在PCOS患者低表达,Versican预测PCOS的价值高,是PCOS的独立危险因素。但国内外对于ADAMTS-1和Versican与PCOS关系的研究较少,本文作者下一步将进行大样本实验,以得到更加准确的结论。

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