吉林大学学报(医学版)  2019, Vol. 45 Issue (02): 325-330     DOI: 10.13481/j.1671-587x.20190219

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冯敬媛, 李舒承, 王虹, 黄贤胜, 张爱文, 王文丰
FENG Jingyuan, LI Shucheng, WANG Hong, HUANG Xiansheng, ZHANG Aiwen, WANG Wenfeng
姜黄素对慢性心力衰竭大鼠肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统和心功能的改善作用
Improvement effect of curcumin on Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and heart funotion in rats with chronic heart failure
吉林大学学报(医学版), 2019, 45(02): 325-330
Journal of Jilin University (Medicine Edition), 2019, 45(02): 325-330
10.13481/j.1671-587x.20190219

文章历史

收稿日期: 2018-05-21
姜黄素对慢性心力衰竭大鼠肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统和心功能的改善作用
冯敬媛 , 李舒承 , 王虹 , 黄贤胜 , 张爱文 , 王文丰     
承德医学院附属医院心脏内科, 河北 承德 067000
[摘要]: 目的: 探讨姜黄素对慢性心力衰竭大鼠肾素(Renin)-血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)-醛固酮(ALD)系统(RAAS)的调节作用,阐明其治疗机制。方法: 选取雄性SD大鼠50只,随机分为假手术组,模型组,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组,每组10只。假手术组大鼠仅打开腹腔暴露左冠状动脉前降支但不做结扎,常规喂养,其余各组大鼠在剑突下腹部正中将腹腔打开,在左冠状动脉前降支结扎,建立大鼠慢性心力衰竭模型。低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠分别灌胃给予20、40和80mg·kg-1姜黄素,假手术组和模型组以等量生理盐水代替,连续给药30d。利用超声心动图仪测量大鼠心功能;腹主动脉取血,ELISA检测各组大鼠血清中Renin、AngⅡ和ALD水平;RT-PCR法检测各组大鼠心肌组织中血管紧张素受体1型(AT1R)和血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)mRNA表达水平;Western blotting法检测各组大鼠心肌组织中ACE和AT1R蛋白表达水平。结果: 与模型组比较,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)和左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)明显降低(P < 0.05),而左室射血分数(LVEF)明显升高(P < 0.05);与模型组比较,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠血清中Renin、AngⅡ和ALD水平明显降低(P < 0.05);与模型组比较,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠心肌组织中ACE和AT1R mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显降低(P < 0.05);结论: 姜黄素对慢性心力衰竭大鼠RAAS系统具有剂量依赖性抑制作用,并能改善慢性心力衰竭大鼠的心功能。
关键词: 姜黄素    慢性心力衰竭    肾素    血管紧张素Ⅱ    醛固酮    
Improvement effect of curcumin on Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and heart funotion in rats with chronic heart failure
FENG Jingyuan , LI Shucheng , WANG Hong , HUANG Xiansheng , ZHANG Aiwen , WANG Wenfeng     
Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
[ABSTRACT]: Objective: To investigate the regulatory effects of curcumin on Renin-angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)-aldosterone (ALD) system(RAAS) in the rats with chronic heart failure, and to elucidate its therapeutic mechanism. Methods: Fifty male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, low dose of curcumin group, middle dose of crucumin group and high dose curcumin of group(n=10). In sham operation group, the left ventricles of the rats were opened only to expose the left anterior descending coronary artery without ligation and conventional feeding. The abdomen of the rats in other groups were opened in the xiphoid abdomen and the left anterior descending coronary arteries were ligated to establish the rat models with chronic heart failure.The rats in low, middle, and high doses of curcumin groups were intragastrically adminstrated with 20, 40, and 80 mg·kg-1 curcumin, and the rats in sham operation group and model group were administrated with normal saline at the same volume; continuous administration for 30 d. The heart function of the rats was measured by echocardiography. The blood was taken from the abdominal aorta.ELISA was used to detect the levels of serum Renin, AngⅡ and ALD of the rats in various groups.The expression levels of angiotensin type 1 receptor(AT1R) and agniotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) mRNA in myocardium tissue of the rats in various groups were detected by RT-PCR method.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of ACE and AT1R proteins in myocardium tissue of the rats in various groups. Results: Compared with model group, the left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD)in low, middle, and high doses of curcumin groups were significantly decreased(P < 0.05), while the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were significantly increased(P < 0.05). Compared with model group, the levels of Renin, AngⅡ and ALD in the serum of the rats in low, middle, and high doses of curcumin groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).Compared with model group, the expression levels of ACE and AT1R mRNA in the myocardium tissue of the rats in low, middle, and high doses of curcumin groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05);compared with model group, the expression levels of ACE and AT1R proteins in the myocardium tissue of the rats in low, middle, and high doses of curcumin groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Curcumin has a dose-dependent inhibition for the RAAS in the chronic heart failue rats and can improve the cardiac function of the chronic heart failure rats.
KEYWORDS: curcumin     chronic heart failure     renin     angiotensinⅡ     aldosterone    

慢性心力衰竭是临床常见的一种心脏循环发生障碍导致心功能不全的心血管疾病[1-2]。研究[3-4]显示:慢性心力衰竭的患病率在1%以上,与患者年龄呈正相关关系,随着老龄化加剧,对慢性心力衰竭的研究显得更为重要。研究[5-7]显示:心力衰竭时机体往往会过度激活心脏肾素(Renin)-血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)-醛固酮(ALD)系统(RAAS),调整患者的RAAS是治疗慢性心力衰竭的关键。因此,研究如何抑制RAAS的过度激活是治疗慢性心力衰竭的重要措施之一。

姜黄素是从姜科植物姜黄根茎中提取的一种多酚类物质,药理研究[8]显示:姜黄素具有抗炎、抗氧化、清除氧自由基、降血脂及抗动脉粥样硬化等多种药理学作用。国外研究[9]显示:姜黄素抑制组蛋白乙酰基转移酶P300(histone acetyltransferase p300, p300-HAT)活性的作用可以减轻实验动物模型心脏肥大和心力衰竭的发展,在治疗心力衰竭方面具有明显效果,但是目前尚无姜黄素作用于慢性心力衰竭的相关机制研究以及临床应用姜黄素治疗的报道。本研究探讨姜黄素对慢性心力衰竭大鼠RAAS的影响和心肌组织中血管紧张素受体1型(angiotensin type 1 receptor, AT1R)、血管紧张素转化酶(agniotensin-converting enzyme, ACE)mRNA和蛋白表达水平的影响,阐明其作用机制,为姜黄素的进一步实验研究以及临床推广提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法 1.1 实验动物、主要试剂和仪器

雄性SD大鼠50只,体质量200~240 g,购于上海斯莱克实验动物中心,动物合格证号:SCXK(沪)2012-0002。大鼠饲养于室温20℃~25℃,湿度40%~60%,通风良好,明暗光照交替12 h,标准饲料喂养,自由进食及饮水,适应环境2周。整个实验方案由承德医学院动物伦理委员会批准。

姜黄素(美国Sigma公司,纯度为99%),卡托普利片(汕头金石制药总厂),RT-PCR试剂盒(中国上海TaKaRa公司),Renin、AngⅡ和ALD的ELISA检测试剂盒(南京建成生物技术公司),ACE和AT1R抗体(美国Santa Cruz公司)。电泳仪(美国Bio-Rad公司),PCR仪(瑞士罗氏公司),高速离心机和超声心动图仪(德国西门子公司),动物心电图机(日本软隆公司)。

1.2 大鼠慢性心力衰竭模型的建立和实验分组

随机选取40只雄性SD大鼠建立慢性心力衰竭大鼠模型[10]:术前禁食24 h,按50 mg·kg-1腹腔注射1%戊巴比妥钠麻醉大鼠,于手术台上在剑突下腹部正中将腹腔打开,在左冠状动脉前降支穿过1条5-0号丝线,结扎,观察心电图变化情况,即显示导联ST段表现为弓背向上抬高大于0.2 mV、且持续30 min以上即为成功建立慢性心力衰竭大鼠模型。另取10只SD大鼠作为假手术组,仅打开腹腔暴露左冠状动脉前降支但不做结扎。所有大鼠术后均连续3d进行腹腔注射青霉素20万单位,建模4周后,以左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)≤45%作为大鼠慢性心力衰竭模型成功。前期少数量预实验[11-12]结果显示:20~80 mg·kg-1姜黄素均对正常大鼠心功能造成一定影响,故将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组,每组10只;低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠分别灌胃给予20、40和80 mg·kg-1姜黄素,假手术组和模型组大鼠以等量生理盐水代替,连续给药30d。

1.3 心脏超声检测大鼠心功能

分别于治疗前和给药30d后,利用超声心电图检测每组大鼠心功能情况,指标包括左心室舒张末内径(left ventricular end diastolic diameter, LVEDD)、左心室收缩末内径(left ventricular end systolic diameter, LVESD)和LVEF。

1.4 ELISA法检测大鼠血清中Renin、AngⅡ和ALD水平

10%水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉,腹主动脉取血,4℃低温下,以3000 r·min-1离心10 min,取血清,采用ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清中Renin、AngⅡ和ALD水平。实验步骤严格按试剂盒说明书进行,各组大鼠血清中Renin、AngⅡ和ALD水平的单位为ng·L-1

1.5 RT-PCR法检测大鼠心肌组织中ACE和AT1R mRNA表达水平

取大鼠心肌组织梗死区,Trizol法提取组织中总RNA,利用紫外分光光度计测定RNA水平,然后采用RT-PCR技术,按照试剂盒操作说明依次进行反转录反应,扩增,以GAPDH作为内参,采用Primer 3.0软件设计RT-PCR反应引物,测定ACE和AT1R mRNA的表达。引物序列:ACE上游引物5′-TTGACATGAGCAAGTTCCTG-3′,下游引物5′-CAAATCAGACTCGAGTGGCA-3′;AT1R上游引物5′-GCAATGGTCGGGACATAGTT-3′,下游引物5′-AGACCTGACTTGGCAGAGGA-3′;GAPDH上游引物5′-GTCGTAGCAAACCACCAAGC-3′,下游引物5′-TGTGGGTGAGGAGCACATAG-3′。以大鼠心肌组织中ACE和AT1R条带与GAPDH条带灰度值比值表示mRNA相对表达水平。

1.6 Western blotting法检测大鼠心肌组织中ACE和AT1R蛋白表达水平

取各组大鼠心肌组织梗死区,RIPA裂解提取蛋白质,以BCA蛋白试剂盒定量蛋白浓度,蛋白上样量为50μg,12%SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳,移至硝酸纤维素膜,5%脱脂奶粉TBST封闭2h;分别加入ACE和AT1R抗体,4℃过夜,洗膜后加入二抗,孵育1h,采用Super ECL Plus超敏发光液显影,以ACE和AT1R条带与GAPDH条带灰度值比值表示目的蛋白相对表达水平。

1.7 统计学分析

采用SPSS18.0统计软件进行统计学分析。各组大鼠LVEDD、LVESD和LVEF,血清中Renin、AngⅡ和ALD水平,心肌组织中AT1R和ACE mRNA及蛋白表达水平均以x±s表示;经方差齐性检验呈正态分布,多组间样本均数比较采用单因素方差分析。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 各组大鼠心功能

与假手术组比较,模型组,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠LVESD及LVEDD均明显升高(P < 0.05),而LVEF明显降低(P < 0.05);给药30d后,与模型组比较,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠LVESD和LVEDD明显降低,而LVEF明显升高(P < 0.05)。见表 1

表 1 各组大鼠心功能 Tab. 1 Heart function of rats in various groups
(n=10, x±s)
Group LVESD(d/mm) LVEDD(d/mm) LVEF(η/%)
Sham operation 3.54±0.49 5.55±0.41 77.43±3.02
Model 6.11±0.81* 7.38±0.67* 40.91±3.44*
Curcumin
  Low dose 4.84±0.53*△ 6.66±0.58*△ 56.38±3.30*△
  Middle dose 4.37±0.41*△ 6.37±0.52*△ 63.58±3.41*△
  High dose 4.02±0.37*△ 5.91±0.41*△ 70.02±3.56*△
  *P < 0.05 compared with sham operation group;P < 0.05 compared with model group.
2.2 各组大鼠血清中Renin、AngⅡ和ALD水平

与假手术组比较,模型组,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠血清中Renin、AngⅡ及ALD水平均明显升高(P < 0.05);与模型组比较,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠血清中Renin、AngⅡ和ALD水平均明显降低(P < 0.05)。见表 2

表 2 各组大鼠血清中Renin、AngⅡ和ALD水平 Tab. 2 Levels of Renin, AngⅡ and ALD in serum of rats in various groups
[n=10, x±s, ρB/(ng·L-1)]
Group Renin AngⅡ ALD
Sham operation 4.31±0.89 419.24±27.28 107.08±8.86
Model 14.37±1.41* 750.16±39.17* 255.38±14.07*
Curcumin
  Low dose 11.20±1.03*△ 603.46±42.11*△ 200.43±12.36*△
  Middle dose 8.07±0.98*△ 552.11±30.25*△ 166.15±10.53*△
  High dose 6.32±0.75*△ 504.28±28.91*△ 129.47±9.18*△
  *P < 0.05 compared with sham opreation group;P < 0.05 compared with model group.
2.3 各组大鼠心肌组织中ACE和AT1R mRNA表达水平

与假手术组比较,模型组,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠心肌组织中ACE及AT1R mRNA表达水平明显升高(P < 0.05);与模型组比较,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠心肌组织中ACE和AT1R mRNA表达水平明显降低(P < 0.05)。见图 1表 3

Lane 1: Sham operation group; Lane 2: Model group; Lane 3-5: Low, middle, and high doses of curcumin groups. 图 1 各组大鼠心肌组织中ACE和AT1R mRNA表达电泳图 Fig. 1 Electrophoregram of expressions of ACE and AT1R mRNA in myocardium tissue of rats in various groups
表 3 各组大鼠心肌组织中ACE和AT1R mRNA表达水平 Tab. 3 Expression levels of ACE and AT1R mRNA in myocardium tissue of rats in various groups
(n=10, x±s)
Group ACE mRNA AT1R mRNA
Sham operation 1.01±0.19 1.02±0.22
Model 2.46±0.45* 2.61±0.47*
Curcumin
  Low dose 1.89±0.44*△ 1.97±0.41*△
  Middle dose 1.51±0.32*△ 1.60±0.37*△
  High dose 1.36±0.30*△ 1.41±0.28*△
  *P < 0.05 compared with sham operation group;P < 0.05 compared with model group.
2.4 各组大鼠心肌组织中ACE和AT1R蛋白表达水平

与假手术组比较,模型组,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠心肌组织中ACE及AT1R蛋白表达水平明显升高(P < 0.05);与模型组比较,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠心肌组织中ACE和AT1R蛋白表达水平明显降低(P < 0.05)。见图 2表 4

Lane 1: Sham operation group; Lane 2: Model group; Lane 3-5: Low, middle, and high doses of curcumin groups. 图 2 各组大鼠心肌组织中ACE和AT1R蛋白表达电泳图 Fig. 2 Electrophoregram of expressions of ACE and AT1R proteins in myocardium tissue of rats in various groups
表 4 各组大鼠心肌组织中ACE和AT1R蛋白表达水平 Tab. 4 Expression levels of ACE and AT1R proteins in myocardium tissue of rats in various groups
(n=10, x±s)
Group ACE AT1R
Sham operation 1.01±0.22 0.98±0.13
Model 2.71±0.43* 1.99±0.37*
Curcumin
  Low dose 1.97±0.26*△ 1.68±0.31*△
  Middle dose 1.48±0.29*△ 1.47±0.33*△
  High dose 1.16±0.15*△ 1.25±0.27*△
  *P < 0.05 compared with sham operation group;P < 0.05 compared with model group.
3 讨论

慢性心力衰竭是临床上一种复杂的综合征,引发因素很多,如高血压、冠心病、感染和心肌缺血等,而急性心肌缺血是促使心力衰竭加重的重要原因,已成为心血管疾病最主要的死亡原因[13-14]。目前临床治疗慢性心力衰竭的方法主要是一般药物治疗,主要有利尿剂、ACE/AngⅡ受体拮抗剂、活性胞嘧啶核苷脱氨酶和ALD拮抗剂,临床多采用他汀类药物治疗慢性心力衰竭,但近年来研究[15-18]显示调整患者RAAS是治疗慢性心力衰竭的关键。本研究结果显示:与假手术组比较,模型组,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠LVESD及LVEDD均明显升高,而LVEF明显降低,心电图变化对比证明成功建立慢性心力衰竭模型。

Renin是慢性心力衰竭的限速酶,是RSSA的引发物,可以降解血浆中的血管紧张素,将其分解为血管紧张素Ⅰ(AngⅠ),进而生成AngⅡ,而AngⅡ可作用于AT1R,引起血压升高、血管平滑肌收缩,使ALD分泌增加。ALD是调节电解质和细胞外液容量的激素,调节肾脏重吸收钠和排钾,维持体液容量和渗透压的平衡维持水平衡[19-20]。在心力衰竭患者心肌组织中可以检测到ACE和AT1R mRNA水平明显增加,提示心脏局部RSSA活性的增强和心力衰竭发展密切相关,ACE通过促进AngⅠ转化为AngⅡ与AT1R结合,发挥相应的生物学功能,临床研究[21-22]显示:体内RAAS与心脏交感神经系统的过度激活不仅能加重患者血流动力学紊乱,还对患者机体内的心肌细胞造成刺激和损害,从而加剧心肌重构,促使心力衰竭病情不断发展。本研究结果显示:慢性心力衰竭模型组大鼠血清中Renin、AngⅡ和ALD水平均明显升高,此反应与临床慢性心力衰竭病理情况下血液中Renin、AngⅡ和ALD水平变化相符,证明RAAS过度活动是慢性心力衰竭的特征之一。

AngⅡ或血小板衍生因子(platelet derived growth factor,PDGF)作用于心肌成纤维细胞的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK),膜受体为AT1R,ALD有促AT1R mRNA的表达、使AT1R密度上调的作用,从而增强AngⅡ效应。成年动物和人的心脏、冠状动脉及主动脉存在血管紧张素原、Renin和ACE等构成成分,ACE途径可以生成AngⅡ,因此ACE水平可以反映AngⅡ水平变化。本研究结果显示:不同剂量姜黄素可明显改善慢性心力衰竭模型大鼠心功能,且有剂量依赖性。与模型组比较,低、中和高剂量姜黄素组大鼠血清中Renin、AngⅡ和ALD水平明显降低,心肌组织中ACE和AT1R mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显降低,这可能是姜黄素发挥抑制慢性心力衰竭发生发展的机制之一,其通过作用于RAAS,整体调控RAAS的活性以治疗慢性心力衰竭,本研究为姜黄素治疗心血管疾病的应用提供了理论依据。

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