吉林大学学报(医学版)  2018, Vol. 44 Issue (05): 1036-1040

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马亚兰, 张欣, 李丹丹, 周鹤, 房书珈, 徐影, 郑连文
MA Yalan, ZHANG Xin, LI Dandan, ZHOU He, FANG Shujia, XU Ying, ZHENG Lianwen
卵巢功能储备正常者拮抗剂方案COH使用过程中添加高纯度人绝经促性腺激素对IVF-ET妊娠结局的影响
Influence of high-purity human menopausal gonadotropin added in process of antagonist program COH in IVF-ET pregnancy outcome in patients with normal ovarian function reserve
吉林大学学报(医学版), 2018, 44(05): 1036-1040
Journal of Jilin University (Medicine Edition), 2018, 44(05): 1036-1040
10.13481/j.1671-587x.20180527

文章历史

收稿日期: 2018-01-29
卵巢功能储备正常者拮抗剂方案COH使用过程中添加高纯度人绝经促性腺激素对IVF-ET妊娠结局的影响
马亚兰1 , 张欣2 , 李丹丹1 , 周鹤1 , 房书珈1 , 徐影1 , 郑连文1     
1. 吉林大学第二医院妇产科生殖中心, 吉林 长春 130041;
2. 吉林大学第二医院麻醉科, 吉林 长春 130041
[摘要]: 目的: 探讨卵巢功能储备正常者应用拮抗剂方案体外受精控制性超促排卵(COH)不同阶段添加高纯度人绝经促性腺激素(HP-hMG)对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)妊娠结局的影响,阐明其可能的作用机制。方法: 选取接受体外受精(IVF)治疗的25~40岁卵巢储备功能正常患者142例,采用回顾性分析的方法根据HP-hMG添加时机分为早期添加组(第1天添加HP-hMG)和中晚期添加组(第6天添加HP-hMG),分析2组患者的妊娠结局。结果: 与早期添加组比较,中晚期添加组患者人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)注射日雌二醇(E2)水平升高(P=0.042),孕酮(P)水平升高(P=0.016),直径> 16 mm及直径> 18mm的卵泡数增加(P=0.035,P=0.026);与早期添加组比较,中晚期添加组患者成熟卵率、优质胚胎率和累积妊娠率升高(P=0.006,P=0.001,P=0.040)。结论: 卵巢功能储备正常者应用拮抗剂方案COH时,在中晚卵泡期添加HP-hMG可改善累积妊娠结局。
关键词: 高纯度人绝经期促性腺激素    拮抗剂方案    体外受精-胚胎移植    妊娠结局    
Influence of high-purity human menopausal gonadotropin added in process of antagonist program COH in IVF-ET pregnancy outcome in patients with normal ovarian function reserve
MA Yalan1, ZHANG Xin2, LI Dandan1, ZHOU He1, FANG Shujia1, XU Ying1, ZHENG Lianwen1     
1. Reproductive Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China;
2. Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
[Abstract]: Objective: To investigate the influence of high-purity human menopausal gonadotrophin (HP-hMG) added in different periods of antagonist program COH in the pregnancy outcom of in vitro fertilization-embryo transplantation (IVF-ET) of the patients with normal ovarian function reserve, and to clarify the possible mechanism. Methods: A totol of 142 patients aged from 25 to 40 years old with normal ovarian function underwent IVF treatment were selected.According to the timing of HP-hMG addition, they were divided into early addition group (HP-hMG was added on the first day) and middel and latel addition group (HP-hMG was added on the 6th day).The pregnancy outcomes of the patients were analyzed. Results: Compared with early addition group, the estradiol(E2) level on the day of human chorimic gonadotropin(HCG) injection in middle and late addition group was significantly increased (P=0.042) and the progesterone(P) level on the day of HCG injection was significantly decreased(P=0.016), the number of follicles with diameter > 16 mm (P=0.035) and the number of follicles with diameter > 18 mm(P=0.026) were increased.Compared with early addition group, the rate of mature follicles in middle and late addition group was increased (P=0.006), the rate of high quality embroy was increased (P=0.001), and the cumulative pregnancy rate was increased (P=0.040). Conclusion: The addition of HP-hMG at middle and late follicular phase can improve the pregnancy outcome in the patients with normal ovarition function reserve under went antagonist program COH.
Key words: high purity human menopausal gonadotropin     antagonist regime     in vitro fertilization-embryo transplantation     pregnancy outcome    

近年来,促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂(gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist, GnRH-ant)因用药时间短、用药量少且无“点火”效应而被广泛应用于临床,并且其可以通过与促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin releasing hormone,GnRH)争夺结合在垂体GnRH的受体,有效地抑制内源性GnRH对垂体的兴奋作用,防止内源性促黄体生成素(luteinizing,LH)峰过早地诱发排卵,起到垂体降调节的作用。由于GnRH-ant快速、高效地抑制垂体分泌的GnRH,与GnRH-a的“flare up”后再降调节相比,拮抗剂方案疗程简便、灵活、周期短,更加接近生理过程[1]。然而,GnRH-ant在控制性超促排卵(COH)过程中募集卵泡较少,导致雌二醇(estradiol,E2)水平降低,同时抑制提早出现的LH峰, 致LH水平降低,从而导致获卵数及成熟卵率降低,因此及时添加LH是必要的。另一方面,LH协同卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)可以促进卵泡的生长发育和卵子成熟[2]。目前多项研究和Mate分析已经重新评估LH在体外受精(IVF)刺激周期中的重要性或LH中间体的活性[3-6]。高纯度人绝经期促性腺激素(high purity human menopassal gonadotropin,HP-hMG)的添加与单独应用重组促卵泡激素(rFSH)可导致妊娠率、临床妊娠率和活产率增加[3-4, 7]。然而目前对卵巢储备功能正常者LH添加时间尚存在争议, 本研究旨在分析卵巢储备功能正常者在应用拮抗剂方案促排卵过程中添加HP-hMG的时机是否可以改善妊娠结局,以期为临床工作提供参考。

1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料

回顾性分析2015年10月—2016年10月就诊于吉林大学第二医院生殖中心的142例接受IVF治疗的卵巢储备功能正常的患者,年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、不孕年限、不孕原因、基础内分泌水平[FSH、LH、E2、孕酮(P)和睾酮(T)]和窦卵泡数(AFC)等基线特征无明显差异。纳入标准:①采用拮抗剂方案促排的患者;②年龄25~40岁;③基础FSH<10 IU·L-1,基础E2 <80 ng·L-1;④AFC>6个;⑤男方精液正常。排除标准:排卵障碍、多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)、子宫内膜异位症(EMS)、内分泌疾病、宫腔占位性病变、卵巢囊肿和占位性病变者。

1.2 分组和体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)过程

所有患者均采用拮抗剂方案促排卵治疗,于月经第2~3天给予阴道镜B超检查, 未见10 mm以上的卵泡、子宫内膜厚度(En)<5 mm,血E2<80 ng·L-1、P<3.17 ng·L-1, 给予rFSH(225~ 300 IU·d-1) 促排卵启动。根据促排卵周期中添加HP-hMG的时间分为早期添加组(n=82)和中晚期添加组(n=60)。早期添加组:[促性腺激素(Gn)]第1天使用rFSH(225~300 IU·d-1)促排卵的同时加用HP-hMG(75 IU, 贺美奇)直至人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)注射日; 中晚期添加组: Gn第1天使用rFSH(225~300 IU·d-1)促排卵, 于Gn第6天主导卵泡直径≥14 mm时, 加用HP-hMG(75 IU, 贺美奇), 同时减少使用rFSH 75 IU, 直至hCG扳机日,当Gn使用第5或6天时加用GnRH-ant 0.25 μg·d-1直至hCG注射日,当有3个或3个以上的优势卵泡直径≥18 mm时, 当晚注射HCG5 000~10 000 IU。HCG扳机后34~36 h在B超引导下经阴道取卵,取卵当日开始给予黄体酮进行内膜支持直至胚胎移植后14 d,卵母细胞和胚胎的培养、受精是按照标准方案进行,取卵后3d行胚胎移植。移植14 d后进行尿妊娠试验。临床妊娠定义为在hCG测试阳性后3周,宫内可见妊娠囊与胎心。

1.3 分析指标

分析指标包括总Gn用量,Gn使用天数,HCG扳机日的LH、E2和P水平,经阴道超声测量En,直径大于14、16和18 mm卵泡数,获卵数,成熟卵率,正常受精数,2PN数,优质胚胎数,优质胚胎率,新鲜胚胎移植周期数,成熟卵率,种植率,流产率,妊娠率,持续妊娠率,活产率以及累积妊娠率。

1.4 统计学分析

采用SPSS18.0统计学软件进行统计学分析。2组患者HCG注射日E2和P水平、HCG注射日直径大于14和16 mm的卵泡数以及优质胚胎数均以x±s表示,2组间样本均数比较采用两独立样本t检验;2组间优质胚胎率、累积妊娠率、种植率、新鲜周期移植率和持续妊娠率以频数表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。所有检验均为双侧检验,以α=0.05为检验水准。

2 结果 2.1 早期添加组和中晚期添加组患者Gn使用情况

2组患者总Gn用量及总Gn使用天数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表 1

表 1 早期添加组与中晚期添加组患者Gn使用情况 Table 1 Gn usage of patients in early addition and middle and late addition groups
Group n Gn gross(λB/IU) Gn usage (t/d)
Early addition 67 2 806.576±21.476 10.09±1.60
Middle and late addition 75 2 781.07±33.113 9.53±1.67
2.2 早期添加组和中晚期添加组患者HCG注射日激素水平

2组患者HCG注射日LH水平、直径>14 mm的卵泡及En比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),中晚期添加组患者HCG注射日血清E2和P水平,直径>16 mm及直径>18 mm的卵泡数明显高于早期添加组(P<0.05)。见表 2

表 2 早期添加组和中晚期添加组患者HCG注射日激素水平、En和卵泡数 Table 2 Hormone levels, En, and follicle number on HCG injection day of patients in early addition and middle and late addition groups
(x±s)
Group n LH[λB/(IU·L-1)] E2[ρB/(ng·L-1)] P[ρB/(μg·L-1)]
Early addition 67 1.90±0.52 2 065.87±329.79 1.21±0.21
Middle and late addition 75 2.35±0.26 2 489.00±316.72* 1.50±0.34*
Group n En(l/mm) Number of follicles with diameter>14 mm Number of follicles with diameter>16 mm Number of follicles with diameter>18 mm
Early addition 67 10.38±2.00 1.18±0.28 1.65±0.22 4.33±1.35
Middle and late addition 75 11.60±1.79 1.09±0.12 2.39±0.32* 4.75±1.14*
* P<0.05 compared with early addition group.
2.3 早期添加组和中晚期添加组患者妊娠结局

中晚期添加组患者获其卵母细胞、MⅡ期卵母细胞、优质胚胎率和累积妊娠率高于早期添加组(P<0.05)。2组患者种植率、新鲜周期移植率、持续妊娠率和活产率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表 3

表 3 早期添加组和中晚期添加组患者妊娠结局 Table 3 Pregnancy outcomes of patients in early addition and middle and late addition groups
Group n Number of received ovocytes Number of MⅡ ovocytes Numberof normal fertilization 2PN
Early addtion 67 7.88±2.11 5.85±1.64 5.82±0.66 5.78±1.08
Middle and late addtion 75 7.08±2.07* 4.51±1.06* 4.47±1.10 4.29±1.15
Group n Number of high quality embryo Fresh cycle embryo pregnancy rate(η/%) Mature egg rate(η/%) High quality embryo rate(η/%) Planting rate(η/%)
Early addtion 67 5.18±1.08 54.3 90.3 52.0 32.8
Middle and late addition 75 3.75±0.96* 52.4 88.8 40.2 31.6
Group n Miscarriage rate(η/%) Continuous pregnancy rate(η/%) Live birth rate(η/%) Cumulative pregnancy rate(η/%)
Early addition 67 17.1 52.2 49.2 58.2
Middle and late addition 75 15.8 50.7 46.7 53.3*
* P<0.05 compared with early addition group.
3 讨论 3.1 HCG扳机日E2、P和获卵数对胚胎种植率的影响

本研究结果显示:中晚期添加组HCG注射日直径大于16和18 mm的卵泡数及获卵数、E2和P水平明显高于早期添加组,与文献[8]报道结果一致。其原因可能为获卵数越多,发育中的卵泡数目越多,卵泡内颗粒细胞及卵泡膜细胞越多,分泌的E2及P水平就越高,这已经在大量实验动物及临床实践中得到证实[8]。同时还可以看出中晚期添加组患者优质胚胎率明显高于早期添加组,但2组患者种植率及持续妊娠率比较差异无统计学意义,表明虽有较优质的胚胎但仍未能获得较理想的妊娠结局,可能与某些因素影响子宫内膜容受性有关。研究[9-10]表明:IVF-ET过程中,过高的E2及P水平可能通过影响子宫内膜胞饮膜和子宫内膜着床相关因子影响子宫内膜容受性。过高的血清P水平通过干扰受精卵着床过程中胞饮突的发育,使子宫内膜种植窗开放提前,干扰胚胎的着床。这可能是由于在应用GnRH-ant之前内源性LH尚未被抑制, 再给予含LH活性的制剂可能会导致LH活性超过上限值,从而产生负面影响, 这种负面影响可能是胚胎因素外的其他因素对子宫内膜的容受力产生的。同时,GnRH-ant快速抑制LH的分泌,可能会对卵泡的生长发育及子宫内膜造成影响,从而影响胚胎种植率,干扰胚胎着床[11]

3.2 早卵泡期添加HP-hMG对妊娠结局的影响

本研究结果显示:早期添加组HCG注射日获卵数、优质胚胎数明显低于中晚期添加组。Hugues等[12]研究表明:LH在早卵泡期具有双重作用, 可促进大窦状卵泡生长,而使小窦状卵泡闭锁。与本研究结果一致,LH在卵泡早期诱导小卵泡闭锁,发育受到影响,从而在取卵日获卵数较少。另一方面,早期添加组优质胚胎率较晚期添加组减少,可能与P水平有关。De Geyter等[13]研究表明:P水平过低提示卵泡颗粒细胞分泌功能不良及卵泡发育潜能下降,从而影响卵裂率及正常受精数,导致优质胚胎率减少。然而Kiliedag等[14]研究显示:P水平过高可能影响卵子质量,使正常卵裂率和受精率均较低而影响妊娠结局。目前P水平高低是否影响胚胎质量并没有一致性的结论,仍需进一步探索。应用拮抗剂方案COH时, 在早卵泡期添加HP-hMG是否可能获得较理想的妊娠结局, 目前尚无一致性结论,需进一步研究。

3.3 中晚卵泡期添加HP-hMG对妊娠结局的影响

本研究中2组患者种植率、持续妊娠率、新鲜周期移植率及活产率比较差异无统计学意义,而中晚期添加组患者获卵数、MⅡ卵数、优质胚胎率及累积妊娠率与早期添加组比较差异有统计学意义。根据“2种细胞, 2种促性腺激素理论”,LH与FSH联合使用可促进卵泡发育和卵子成熟。在卵泡发育的中晚期,随着颗粒细胞上LH受体的增加, LH通过增加卵泡胰岛素敏感性而促进卵泡发育。另外,GnRH-ant可抑制提早出现的内源性LH峰, 致内源性LH水平降低,从而对LH的生理性需求增加[15-17]。因此,卵泡中晚期添加HP-hMG更接近卵泡生理的发育[18-19]。对于卵巢正常反应的患者,外源性添加LH可增加成熟卵数,从而改善IVF-ET胚胎种植率;然而也有学者不支持上述观点,2007年多位学者[20-22]的Meta分析表明外源性添加LH并不能改善IVF-ET妊娠结局,因此需要更多的前瞻性研究进一步探讨。在卵巢低反应患者中,应用GnRH-ant方案COH,不仅能直接有效地抑制早发LH峰,而且在中晚卵泡期添加HP-hMG,避免了早卵泡期卵泡募集阶段内源性FSH和LH的明显抑制,使卵泡发育更接近于自然状态[23-25]。然而,在本研究中,中晚期添加组累积妊娠率与早期添加组比较差异有统计学意义,表明对于卵巢功能储备正常者,在中晚卵泡期添加HP-hMG可改善累积妊娠结局。

综上所述,在卵巢功能储备正常者应用拮抗剂方案COH时在中晚卵泡期添加HP-hMG可能改善妊娠结局,本研究中进行IVF-ET的患者个体差异较大,从而对于拮抗剂方案的反应差异也较大。且本研究为回顾性研究,并且样本量较小,下一步应进行大样本的随机对照研究,为卵巢功能储备正常者应用拮抗剂方案COH过程中选择更合适的HP-hMG添加时机以改善妊娠结局。

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