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内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗三叠纪花岗质岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义
张海华, 郑月娟, 陈树旺, 李永飞, 张健, 卞雄飞, 苏飞, 公繁浩, 黄欣    
沈阳地质矿产研究所/中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心, 沈阳 110034
摘要:笔者对内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗代钦塔拉地区出露的花岗质岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学研究,旨在探讨该区花岗岩成因类型和区域构造演化。研究区的花岗质岩主要以黑云母花岗岩和花岗闪长岩为主,岩石明显富SiO2、Al2O3和碱质,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性系列的S型花岗岩;稀土元素标准化配分图总体呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损特点,LREE/HREE的值为3.12~16.17,平均为10.07;LaN/YbN为2.72~28.71,具中等程度的负Eu异常;岩石富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Pb,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Ce、Ti,具碰撞型花岗岩的特征。依据地球化学特征可将花岗岩划为低Sr低Yb型,说明花岗岩可能是在较高的压力下形成的。锆石U-Pb年龄为(242.6±2.5)Ma,表明该区古亚洲洋的俯冲碰撞发生在三叠纪,花岗岩体的形成与碰撞拼合有关。
关键词锆石U-Pb年龄     花岗岩     地球化学     三叠纪     科尔沁右翼中旗    
Zircon U-Pb Age, Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of the Triassic Granite in Keerqinyouyizhongqi, Inner Mogolia
Zhang Haihua, Zheng Yuejuan, Chen Shuwang, Li Yongfei, Zhang Jian, Bian Xiongfei, Su Fei, Gong Fanhao, Huang Xin    
Shenyang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources/Shenyang Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, China
Abstract:Based on the Zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical data obtained for the granite in Keerqinyouyizhongqi Inner Mongolia, we discussed the granite types and regional tectonic evolution. The biotite granite and granodiorite are mainly developed in the area. They are enriched in SiO2,Al2O3, and alkali, and belong to high potassium peraluminous calc-alkaline series of S type granite. The rare earth element normalized distribution diagram shows that LREE are highly concentrated, while HREE are relatively depleted with the ratio of LREE/HREE between 3.12 and 16.17, an average of 10.07; the ratio of LaN and YbN is between 2.72 and 28.71, Eu anomaly is moderate negative; enrichment of rock large ion lithophile Rb, K and Pb, depletion of high field strength elements Nb, Ta, Zr, Ce, Ti, the feature of collision type granite. These granitics could be distinguished by their low-Sr and low-Yb based on the geochemical characteristics, which shows that the granitics are likely formed under high pressure. The Zircon U-Pb age (242.6±2.5) Ma, suggests that the paleo Asian Ocean subduction collision occurred in Triassic period, the formation of granite rock mass related to the collision split.
Key words: zircon U-Pb age     granite     geochemical     Triassic     keerqinyouyizhongqi    

0 前言

科尔沁右翼中旗地区中生代岩浆岩较发育,其中花岗岩出露较多,大致呈北东向展布。该区位于华北板块与西伯利亚板块构造拼贴带上,而两大板块之间的缝合位置和拼合时限一直存在争议。近年来一些学者倾向于将西拉木伦——长春——延吉一线作为西伯利亚板块与华北板块的碰撞缝合带[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],两大板块的拼合时间存在较大争议: 部分学者[8, 9]认为中泥盆世、晚泥盆世到早石炭世[10, 11],部分学者[2, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]倾向于中晚二叠世至早中三叠世。近年来乌兰浩特及吉林等地已经进行了较多的锆石U-Pb年代学研究[17, 18, 19, 20, 21],内蒙古林西地区也有相关的花岗岩年代学报道[2, 14, 15]。科尔沁右翼中旗花岗岩年龄只有少量的报道,如该区孟恩陶勒盖岩体英云闪长岩黑云母K-Ar年龄281 Ma[22]、Rb-Sr年龄为246.79 Ma[23],花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄(234±1) Ma、(224±1) Ma,白云母二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄(230±1) Ma[24]。研究区为兴蒙造山带的组成部分,花岗岩成因类型及年代学的研究对该区构造演化的探讨具有重要意义。笔者在前人研究工作的基础上,通过对科尔沁右翼中旗地区花岗岩锆石U-Pb的同位素年代学、地球化学研究,对该区岩体的年龄、地球化学特征及其可能的地质意义进行了探讨。

1 地质概况

科尔沁右翼中旗地区位于大兴安岭中南部,兴蒙造山带的东段、西伯利亚板块和华北板块的拼合部位(图 1)。研究区内主要发育早二叠世寿山沟组,岩性组合为灰黑色炭质板岩、红柱石黑云母角岩、变质中细粒长石砂岩、长石石英砂岩、杂砂岩、凝灰质砂岩等。近年来,据在该地区开展的1∶5万区域地质调查于该套地层中发现的疑源类化石,将该套地层划分为下寒武统[25];出露有中生代火山岩,主要为含角砾岩屑晶屑凝灰岩、角砾凝灰岩及流纹岩等[26]

图 1 代钦塔拉地区地质简图

Fig. 1 Simplified geologic map of Daixintala

该区出露的岩体主要为黑云母花岗岩和花岗闪长岩,分布于科尔沁右翼中旗北东约20 km的代钦塔拉地区(图 1),出露面积约200 km2。前人将该区花岗岩称为孟恩陶勒盖岩体[24, 27]和孟恩岩基[22],本次研究沿用区域1∶5万地质调查资料中所用的孟恩陶勒盖岩体名称。岩石大多呈灰白色,具有中细粒半自形粒状结构,主要矿物为石英、钾长石和斜长石等,含有少量黑云母和白云母。岩体侵入到二叠纪的碎屑岩中,局部被晚侏罗世火山岩喷发不整合覆盖。

2 测年样品特征与分析测试方法

研究样品采于科尔沁右翼中旗代钦塔拉地区孟恩陶勒盖岩体的黑云母花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。采样位置:样品D4106为45°11′39″,121°33′34″;样品D4110为45°13′50″,121°30′23″,采集样品(D4106,D4110)为黑云母花岗岩,岩石为中细粒半自形粒状结构,矿物成分主要有钾长石、斜长石和石英等,暗色矿物为黑云母。钾长石呈半自形板粒状,粒度0.4~7.2 mm,条纹结构和格子双晶发育,体积分数约40%;斜长石呈半自形板状,粒度0.4~7.0 mm,聚片双晶发育,体积分数约22%;石英为他形粒状,团粒状分布,粒度0.4~4.0 mm,体积分数约30%;黑云母呈淡棕褐色,片状,粒度0.4~2.4 mm,体积分数约8%。

花岗闪长岩样品D4111(采样位置紧临D4110),具中细粒半自形粒状结构,主要由斜长石、钾长石、石英等组成。斜长石为半自形板状,聚片双晶发育,粒度0.4~5.0 mm,体积分数约55%;钾长石呈半自形板粒状,条纹结构发育,粒度0.4~4.2 mm,体积分数约18%;石英他形粒状,粒度0.1~4.0 mm,体积分数约20%;白云母呈无色片状,粒度0.4~1.0 mm,体积分数约2%;含有少量的黑云母。

锆石样品的破碎和选样在廊坊诚信地质服务有限公司完成。首先将岩石样品进行粉碎,分选出锆石,在双目镜下挑选出晶形较完好、透明度较高、内部无裂隙具有代表性的锆石,进行制靶。锆石制靶后,用阴极发光、透射、反射光对锆石样品进行了照相。锆石的制靶、阴极发光(CL)以及U-Pb同位素测年均在中国地质大学(武汉)地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室完成。通过反射光、透射光和阴极发光图像分析,选择晶型好、环带清晰的锆石,在锆石激光剥蚀等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)上进行U-Pb同位素定年。测试所用仪器为Agilent 7500a电感耦合等离子体质谱计和GeoLas 2005准分子激光剥蚀系统,激光器为193nm ArF准分子激光器。激光剥蚀斑束直径32 μm,激光剥蚀样品深度为20~40 μm。在实验中采用He作为剥蚀物质的载气。锆石年龄计算采用国际标准锆石91500作为外标,元素含量采用美国国家标准物质局研制的人工合成硅酸盐玻璃NIST SRM610作为外标,29Si作为内标元素进行校正。实验原理和过程见文献[15, 28, 29, 30]。测试分析中同位素比值和年龄的标准误差为1σ,分析结果见表 1

表 1 三叠纪花岗质岩石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 分析结果 Table 1 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data of the tuffs from the Triassic granitic rocks
测点号wB/10-6Th/
U
同位素比值年龄/Ma
232Th238U 207Pb/
206Pb
1σ207Pb/
235U
1σ206Pb/
238U
1σ 207Pb/
206Pb
1σ207Pb/
235U
1σ206Pb/
238U
1σ
D4106TW-1278.3221 133.4240.250.050 600.002 550.265 900.013 030.038 340.000 5322288239102433
D4106TW-2283.0851 225.9100.230.051 860.002 910.274 790.014 960.038 420.000 49279102247122433
D4106TW-3523.0851 491.2600.350.050 230.002 450.264 570.012 360.038 240.000 4920685238102423
D4106TW-4484.7021 384.5130.350.050 720.002 430.269 610.012 180.038 460.000 5122880242102433
D4106TW-5215.9111 067.6850.200.053 240.003 110.289 670.016 760.039 340.000 55339106258132493
D4106TW-6257.6551 028.1210.250.055 190.003 440.300 930.018 610.039 290.000 60420111267152484
D4106TW-7240.4581 010.2160.240.053 230.002 900.289 480.015 530.039 600.000 5833995258122504
D4106TW-8451.3701 852.6950.240.051 910.002 850.276 270.014 750.038 600.000 49282128248122443
D4106TW-9645.0921 787.6390.360.053 540.002 370.274 020.011 770.036 890.000 423527724692343
D4106TW-10335.2261 140.3680.290.050 660.002 890.269 990.014 910.038 540.000 6022599243122444
D4106TW-11244.277922.6870.260.054 120.003 040.300 590.016 570.040 120.000 6337696267132544
D4106TW-12349.3981 293.4350.270.051 120.002 400.270 220.012 480.038 380.000 5724679243102434
D4106TW-13299.5081 202.5450.250.051 970.002 440.269 700.012 680.037 540.000 5528481242102383
D4106TW-14254.4521 015.2630.250.051 890.002 970.288 010.015 020.040 990.000 7228187257122594
D4106TW-15275.392977.5080.280.053 960.002 730.284 200.014 580.037 950.000 5836988254122404
D4106TW-16310.1281 084.5820.290.053 360.002 760.283 020.015 160.038 020.000 5234497253122413
D4106TW-17145.988588.3200.250.056 210.003 470.288 180.017 210.037 680.000 64461102257142384
D4106TW-18834.7882 201.3780.380.050 460.002 210.240 230.010 380.034 430.000 402167821982183
D4106TW-19216.013894.2070.240.054 700.003 230.277 650.015 730.037 150.000 5740099249132354
D4106TW-20413.4151 534.5390.270.047 860.002 240.242 470.011 530.036 570.000 46928322092323
3 锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果

对孟恩陶勒盖岩体的形成时代有不同见解:研究者[22]依据为全岩K-Ar年龄281 Ma认为该岩体形成于晚古生代;还有依据Rb-Sr年龄246.79 Ma将该岩体形成时限定于早三叠世[23]的认识;张明等[24]报道该岩体锆石U-Pb年龄为(234±1)、(224±1)、(230±1)Ma,将该岩体划为中三叠世。

笔者研究的锆石U-Pb分析结果如表 1所示,用于年龄测定样品的岩性为黑云母花岗岩。锆石CL图像显示:锆石均较自形,呈长柱状,少数呈椭圆状以及不规则状产出;长轴粒径多为50~110 μm;具有清晰的岩浆震荡环带;Th/U为0.20~0.38。以上特征表明样品锆石均为岩浆成因锆石(图 2)。对该孟恩陶勒盖岩体的D4106TW样品进行锆石U-Pb测年分析,20颗锆石分析点的表面年龄基本位于谐和线上或其附近,去除年龄偏大的第14点,年龄偏小的18点,207Pb/235U年龄远小于206Pb/238U年龄的第20点,其余17个分析点206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(242 .6±2.5) Ma(MSWD=2.2)(图 3)。结合上述分析可知,(242 .6±2.5) Ma代表了花岗岩岩体的形成年龄,该岩体为中三叠世侵入岩。

图 2 花岗质岩锆石阴极发光图像

Fig. 2 Zircon CL images from granitic rocks

图 3 D4106TW 锆石U-Pb谐和图及加权平均年龄图

Fig. 3 Zircon of D4106TW U-Pb concordant diagram

4 地球化学特征

4.1 主量元素

岩石主量元素、稀土和微量元素分析结果见表 2。宋维民等[27]对孟恩陶勒盖岩体进行了年代学研究(表 2),且与笔者研究的花岗质岩时代基本吻合,同为中三叠世侵入体。该区花岗岩在TAS岩石图解(图 4)上落入流纹岩区域,显示为亚碱性系列;w(SiO2)-w(K2O)图解(图 5)上,花岗质岩主要落入高钾钙碱性系列。岩石SiO2质量分数为69.22%~75.38%,平均为72.35%;Al2O3质量分数为13.88%~15.41%,平均为14.60%;CaO的质量分数为0.16%~2.50%,平均值为1.01%;全碱的质量分数为6.92%~8.63%,平均为7.84%,Na2O/K2O为0.65~1.33,平均值为1.00;岩石铝饱和指数A/CNK值为1.022~1.395,平均为1.182,A/NK值为1.273~1.498,平均为1.375,上述数据表明岩石为过铝质岩石,且碱含量很高。这些特征表明,该花岗质岩体应为成熟地壳源物质的熔融侵位形成的。

表 2 花岗质岩石主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素分析结果 Table 2 The analysis results of Major elements,REE and trace elements
样品
编号
岩性wB/%
SiO2TiO2Al2O3Fe2O3FeOMnOMgOCaONa2OK2OP2O5烧失量
D4110
GXW1
花岗岩74.190.0414.871.310.830.0750.220.164.723.550.0610.77
D4110
GXW2
花岗岩75.380.0413.881.390.810.0410.250.324.153.770.0770.66
D4111
GXW1
花岗闪
长岩
73.310.2015.091.821.350.0390.430.263.773.830.0681.05
2-1花岗闪
长岩
70.120.3714.950.322.660.060.802.214.103.300.120.56
2-2花岗闪
长岩
71.610.5013.912.060.970.050.631.253.193.730.101.70
2-3花岗闪
长岩
70.860.3314.511.340.970.050.541.063.475.160.111.33
2-4花岗闪
长岩
69.220.4115.410.961.800.050.962.504.143.440.110.61
2-7花岗闪
长岩
74.110.0714.150.540.750.070.210.293.295.090.041.14
样品
编号
岩性 wB/%
合计
A/
CNK
A/
NK
wB/10-6
BaRbSrYZrNbThPbHf
D4110
GXW1
花岗岩100.791.2501.28173.90310.0041.805.2836.5016.9150.9910.82.24
D4110
GXW2
花岗岩100.771.2081.27375.40226.0044.204.9117.1013.180.8919.50.97
D4111
GXW1
花岗闪长岩101.221.3951.458522.00224.00129.008.94118.004.851.8919.94.24
2-1花岗闪
长岩
99.571.0431.449596.24129.75268.3012.80176.705.799.404.98
2-2花岗闪
长岩
99.691.2041.498459.11117.65165.8016.16164.529.0212.106.94
2-3花岗闪
长岩
99.721.0981.285722.97191.17192.1010.87202.727.2425.505.06
2-4花岗闪
长岩
99.611.0221.463513.53111.11288.5012.46191.017.039.902.35
2-7花岗闪
长岩
99.761.2361.296178.56260.8750.4917.6458.2413.037.001.67
样品
编号
岩性wB/10-6
TaULaCePrNdSmEuGdTbDyHo
D4110
GXW1
花岗岩1.700.633.457.260.783.330.700.110.630.150.940.18
D4110
GXW2
花岗岩0.960.622.503.310.582.080.530.210.510.130.880.17
D4111
GXW1
花岗
闪长岩
0.641.1016.4036.403.5412.502.380.421.990.311.550.29
2-1花岗闪
长岩
0.982.9023.7347.635.2019.213.490.852.950.401.800.33
2-2花岗闪
长岩
1.261.4027.4258.116.6724.824.660.523.200.473.180.61
2-3花岗闪
长岩
4.572.3041.2373.338.8630.795.290.614.150.522.270.42
2-4花岗闪
长岩
2.771.5032.1764.897.3325.774.690.573.310.462.590.50
2-7花岗闪
长岩
2.263.9015.4528.684.3816.194.190.222.130.363.080.65
样品
编号
岩性wB/10-6LREE/
HREE
LaN/
YbN
δEuδCe
ErTmYbLuΣREELREEHREE
D4110
GXW1
花岗岩0.470.100.780.1118.9915.633.364.6523.1730.4961.042
D4110
GXW2
花岗岩0.410.090.660.1012.169.212.953.1222.7171.2180.650
D4111
GXW1
花岗闪
长岩
0.740.120.780.1277.5471.645.9012.14215.0820.5741.117
2-1花岗闪
长岩
0.980.151.040.16107.92100.107.8112.81816.3670.7891.005
2-2花岗
闪长岩
1.610.271.560.25133.35122.2011.1510.96012.6080.3901.021
2-3花岗闪
长岩
1.180.161.030.17170.01160.109.9016.17328.7130.3840.897
2-4花岗闪
长岩
1.180.191.130.19144.97135.409.5514.18020.4210.4200.996
2-7花岗闪
长岩
2.110.291.710.2779.7169.1110.606.5206.4810.2010.842
注:主量元素数据是由沈阳地质矿产研究所实验室采用X-荧光光谱法(XRF)测定,稀土元素、微量元素数据由沈阳地质矿产研究所实验室
ICP-AES、ICP-MS方法测定,其中2-1、2-2、2-3、2-4、2-7数据引自文献[27]
图 4 岩石硅-碱图解

Fig. 4 Rock silicon alkali diagram

图 5 花岗质岩的w(SiO2)-w(K2O)图解

Fig. 5 w(SiO2)-w(K2O) graphic granite

4.2 稀土元素

研究区花岗质岩石稀土元素标准化配分图总体呈轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,稀土配分模式显示不同程度的右倾(图 6)。稀土元素总质量分数(∑REE)为(12.16~170.01)×10-6;LREE/HREE的值为3.122~16.173,轻重稀土分馏较明显;LaN/YbN为2.717~28.713;δCe为0.650~1.218;δEu具有负异常(除一个样品外),表明岩浆在结晶过程中可能有斜长石的结晶分离过程,斜长石可能作为岩浆源区的残留相,形成该岩体的岩浆可能为地壳岩石部分重熔形成的。

图 6 花岗质岩稀土元素图解

Fig. 6 Rare earth elements graphic granite

4.3 微量元素

在微量元素标准化图上可以看到(图 7),岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Pb,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Ce、Ti。岩体中Ba、Sr较低,表明花岗质岩的物源可能是壳源物质部分熔融的产物。花岗岩中Sr质量分数为(41.80~288.50)×10-6,平均为147.51×10-6,小于400×10-6;Yb的质量分数为(0.66~1.71)×10-6,平均为1.09×10-6,都小于2×10-6。岩体的这一特征属于张旗等分类中的低Sr、低Yb花岗岩类型[31, 32]。具有中等程度的负Eu异常,残留相可能有斜长石和石榴石等,说明是在较大的压力下形成的,形成于压力较高的中地壳[31, 32, 33, 34]

图 7 花岗质岩微量元素图解

Fig. 7 Granite diagram of trace elements

5 讨论

5.1 花岗质岩的形成时代

本次研究对科尔沁右翼中旗代钦塔拉地区花岗质岩体进行了U-Pb锆石测年分析,所采样品新鲜,未发生变质,锆石未见内外环带和变质环带,且岩浆震荡环带清晰,所测20个样品中有17个数据点均位于U-Pb谐和曲线上,表明此年龄代表岩浆侵位结晶的年龄。据此,可认为孟恩陶勒盖岩体的年龄值为(242 .6±2.5)Ma,侵位时代为中三叠世早期。本次获得的年代学资料在误差范围内可以与乌兰浩特及吉林、黑龙江地区的中生代岩浆活动年代学资料对比[17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 35]

5.2 花岗质岩形成的构造背景

科尔沁右翼中旗位于华北板块和西伯利亚板块的碰撞拼合部位,有关华北板块与西伯利亚板块之间俯冲碰撞的时间、缝合带的具体位置、板块及微板块的渐次拼贴过程历来争议颇多。石玉若等[36]在内蒙古中部位于索伦山——贺根山构造带内的苏尼特左旗地区,测得A型花岗岩高精度锆石SHRIMP U-Pb的年龄为(222±4) Ma,认为其形成与西伯利亚板块、华北板块碰撞造山后的岩石圈伸展作用有关;张维等[37]在达茂旗地区识别出三叠纪岩浆岩,这些岩浆岩产于索伦山缝合带的南侧,其锆石SHRIMP U-Pb的年龄为(245~239) Ma,认为形成于古亚洲洋中晚二叠世闭合后,造山带的造山后演化;位于双井地区中生代花岗岩侵入体的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(229. 2±4.1) Ma 和(237.2±2.7) Ma,为三叠纪侵入体,可能来源于造山带加厚地壳和相对古老的大陆边缘重熔,指出西伯利亚板块与华北板块之间沿西拉木伦缝合带的碰撞拼合始于二叠纪中期,在三叠纪中期碰撞结束[2];林西县双井镇的房框子沟村一带出露花岗质片麻岩,锆石 U-Pb年龄测试结果表明,岩浆于(271.9±1.6) Ma开始侵位,(264.8±1.8) Ma为岩体主体侵位时期,之后西伯利亚板块与华北板块的持续碰撞拼合,到(231±2) Ma碰撞基本结束[14];葛文春等[17]认为乌兰浩特地区三叠纪(235~225) Ma花岗岩的形成与古亚洲洋闭合后岩石圈的伸展体制有关;一些学者[19, 20, 38, 39, 40]依据造山后花岗岩及其年代学、沉积学特征、古生物特征及古地磁等认为,西伯利亚板块与华北板块之间的古亚洲洋最终闭合于二叠纪末期,在西拉木伦河——长春——延吉一线拼合。上述可见,内蒙古中东部地区伸展、碰撞型岩体的年龄主要介于晚二叠世到三叠纪之间。

研究区孟恩陶勒盖岩体为高钾钙碱性系列,岩石铝饱和指数A/CNK平均为1.18(1.022~1.395),A/NK平均为1.38(1.273~1.488),即为过铝质岩石,且岩石中发育白云母,个别可见有石榴石,具有S型花岗岩的特征。稀土配分曲线(图 6)可以看出,轻稀土分馏较强烈,重稀土分馏弱一些,总体来看轻重稀土分馏较明显,反映出造山带钙碱性花岗岩的特征。依据Sr、Yb质量分数,可将岩石划为低Sr(小于400×10-6)、低Yb(2×10-6)型,铕的负异常较弱,在花岗岩w(Sr)-w(Yb)分类图(图 8)上,样品都位于喜马拉雅型花岗岩区域内,说明该岩体形成的压力较高,可能形成于压力较高的加厚地壳[31, 32, 34]。微量元素Sr、Nb、Zr不同程度的亏损,与A型花岗岩相比,具有低的Zr、Y、Yb 等高场强元素和较弱的负Eu异常,且Ba、Nb 负异常较强烈,反映出S型花岗岩的特征[41, 42, 43]。采用w(Yb+Nb)-w(Rb)和w(Yb+Ta)-w(Rb)图解判断岩体形成的构造环境[44],由图 9可见,花岗岩样品均投影到同碰撞花岗岩和岛弧花岗岩区域内。综上可见,该花岗岩体很可能为碰撞造山区加厚地壳重熔形成的,是以碰撞造山演化时期的区域性挤压为主的构造背景,花岗岩的形成可能代表了碰撞造山作用的结束[2]

图 9 研究区微量元素构造环境判别图解 (底图据文献[44])

Fig. 9 Trace element tectonic setting discrimination diagrams (base map after references[31, 32, 33])

图 8 花岗质岩石w(Sr)-w(Yb)分类图 (底图据文献[31, 32, 33])

Fig. 8 Granitic rocks w(Sr)-w(Yb) classification map (base map after references[31, 32, 33])

前已叙述,孟恩陶勒盖岩体的年龄为(242 .6±2.5) Ma,侵位时代为中三叠世,为同碰撞型花岗岩,说明该区于242 Ma左右存在一俯冲碰撞造山的过程,花岗岩的形成可能与碰撞造山作用有关。这与邻区乌兰浩特报道的造山后花岗岩(形成年龄为230 Ma左右,可能为古亚洲洋碰撞拼合后岩石圈伸展作用的产物)的形成时限相吻合[17],说明242~230 Ma为古亚洲洋的碰撞、后碰撞阶段;并且与内蒙古中部苏尼特左旗等地区报道的造山后花岗岩年龄和所形成的构造背景的认识相一致[36, 37];李双林等[45]认为,所谓通常意义上的华北板块与西伯利亚板块的拼合实为位于两大板块之间的中小地块群所组成的黑龙江板块与华北板块的拼合,拼合带位于索伦-西拉木伦河——长春——延吉一线,依据碰撞花岗岩的年龄和古地磁资料,其拼合时限为二叠纪末——三叠纪,由此可知,古亚洲洋并非在二叠纪末闭合,也许一直延伸到三叠纪;李锦轶等[2]对林西双井地区中生代同碰撞型的S型花岗岩的研究表明,西伯利亚板块与华北板块之间沿西拉木伦缝合带的碰撞在三叠纪中期结束;李益龙等[14]对林西县地区发育的花岗质片麻岩进行了锆石U-Pb年龄测试,表明262~231 Ma为华北板块与西伯利亚板块持续碰撞的阶段,形成了一系列与俯冲碰撞有关的岩体。而此次于科尔沁右翼中旗地区所测的花岗岩年龄与李锦轶等[2]报道的年龄范围一致,且同属于S型花岗岩,与李益龙等[14]报道的晚二叠世——中三叠世碰撞型花岗岩年龄吻合。该花岗岩记录了科尔沁右翼中旗地区西伯利亚板块与华北板块的碰撞拼合时间。

6 结论

1)科尔沁右翼中旗孟恩陶勒盖岩体以黑云母花岗岩和花岗闪长岩为主,锆石U-Pb年龄为(242 .6±2.5) Ma,形成于中三叠世早期。

2)地球化学特征表明,孟恩陶勒盖岩体为S型花岗岩,形成于碰撞造山时期区域性挤压为主的构造背景,岩浆可能为西伯利亚板块与华北板块碰撞拼合过程中加厚地壳重熔形成的。

锆石U-Pb年龄测试过程中得到吉林大学王可勇教授与李剑锋博士的悉心指导与帮助,在此表示感谢。

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http://dx.doi.org/10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201502107
吉林大学主办、教育部主管的以地学为特色的综合性学术期刊
0

文章信息

张海华, 郑月娟, 陈树旺, 李永飞, 张健, 卞雄飞, 苏飞, 公繁浩, 黄欣
Zhang Haihua, Zheng Yuejuan, Chen Shuwang, Li Yongfei, Zhang Jian, Bian Xiongfei, Su Fei, Gong Fanhao, Huang Xin
内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗三叠纪花岗质岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义
Zircon U-Pb Age, Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of the Triassic Granite in Keerqinyouyizhongqi, Inner Mogolia
吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2015, 45(2): 417-428
Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2015, 45(2): 417-428.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201502107

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收稿: 2014-05-07

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