2023, Vol. 32
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施璐, 鞠楠, 伍月, 刘欣, 赵迎磊, 马维. 华北克拉通北缘东段新发现大喜营子铷－铍矿床[J]. 地质与资源, 2023, 32(2): 245-248. 
SHI Lu, JU Nan, WU Yue, LIU Xin, ZHAO Ying-lei, MA Wei. NEWLY DISCOVERED DAXIYINGZI Rb-Be DEPOSIT IN THE EASTERN SECTION OF THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF NORTH CHINA CRATON[J]. Geology and Resources, 2023, 32(2): 245-248.
华北克拉通北缘东段新发现大喜营子铷－铍矿床
1. 中国地质调查局 沈阳地质调查中心, 辽宁 沈阳 110034;
2. 辽宁省地质勘查院有限责任公司, 辽宁 大连 116200
2. 辽宁省地质勘查院有限责任公司, 辽宁 大连 116200
摘要：辽宁省阜新市大喜营子矿床是华北克拉通北缘新发现的铷铍稀有金属矿床, 属花岗伟晶岩型矿床, 主要由黑云母花岗岩、钠长石花岗岩和天河石花岗伟晶岩组成. 含Rb和Be的主要矿石矿物为天河石和绿柱石, 赋存于天河石花岗伟晶岩中. 该矿床的成矿年龄为223 Ma左右. 地球化学特征表明该花岗岩为高分异I型花岗岩, 来源于中新元古界基底的高温部分熔融, 并有幔源岩浆注入. 大喜营子铷-铍矿床是形成于造山带背景下的过铝岩浆多金属矿床, 该矿的发现为华北克拉通北缘的找矿提供了新的方向.
关键词：大喜营子铷-铍矿床 天河石 绿柱石 高分异花岗岩 华北克拉通 辽宁省
中图分类号：P618.7 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1671-1947(2023)04-0245-04
NEWLY DISCOVERED DAXIYINGZI Rb-Be DEPOSIT IN THE EASTERN SECTION OF THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF NORTH CHINA CRATON
1. Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, China;
2. Liaoning Geological Exploration Institute Co., Ltd., Dalian 116200, Liaoning Province, China
2. Liaoning Geological Exploration Institute Co., Ltd., Dalian 116200, Liaoning Province, China
Abstract: The Daxiyingzi Rb-Be deposit in Fuxin City of Liaoning Province is newly discovered in the northern margin of North China Craton, belonging to the granite-pegmatite type rare metal deposit, mainly composed of biotite granite, albite granite and amazonite granite pegmatite. The ore minerals containing Rb and Be are mainly amazonite and beryl, which are hosted in amazonite granite pegmatite. The metallogenic age of the deposit is about 223 Ma. The geochemical characteristics indicate that the granite is of highly fractioned I-type, which originated from the high-temperature partial melting of Meso-Neoproterozoic basement, with injection of mantle-derived magma. The peraluminous magmatic polymetallic deposit was formed in the orogenic belt setting. Its discovery provides a new direction for mineral exploration in the northern margin of North China Craton.
Key words:
Daxiyingzi Rb-Be deposit amazonite beryl highly fractionated granite North China Craton Liaoning Province
0 引言
1 矿区地质概况
2 含矿花岗岩地球化学特征
稀有金属铷(Rb)、铍(Be)是重要的战略性矿产[1-6], 铷主要应用于电子、生物、医药等传统领域和量子计算机、磁流体发电等高科技领域[7], 铍是冶金、航空、国防以及原子能工业不可缺少的重要金属原料[8], 铷、铍矿的勘探与开发对保障我国矿产资源安全具有重要意义.
中国铷、铍资源主要产于花岗岩型和花岗伟晶岩型矿床中[9-14]. 近年来, 沿着华北克拉通北缘索伦缝合带发现了一些稀有金属矿床(点)(图 1), 包括内蒙古白云鄂博多金属矿床[16]、内蒙古加布斯铌钽矿床[17]、内蒙古石灰窑铌钽铷矿床[18]、辽宁赛马铌钽矿床[19-20]和中天山国宝山铷矿床[21]等. 大喜营子铷铍矿床是华北克拉通北缘东段新发现的稀有金属矿床, 中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心"东北地区关键金属调查研究"团队对该矿床进行了系统的岩相学、矿物学、年代学和岩石地球化学等研究, 认为其形成于造山带背景下的过铝质岩浆结晶分异过程. 该发现为研究花岗质岩浆演化与稀有金属元素富集成矿的成因联系提供了科学依据, 也为华北克拉通北缘的关键金属矿产找矿提供了新的方向.
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图 1 华北克拉通北缘大喜营子矿床构造位置图(据文献[15]) Fig.1 Tectonic location map of Daxiyingzi deposit in the northern margin of North China Craton (From Reference [15]) 1—古亚洲洋构造域(Paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic domain); 2—西太平洋构造域(Western Pacific tectonic domain); 3—特提斯构造域(Tethyan tectonic domain); 4—主要构造线(major tectonic line); 5—稀有金属矿床(rare metal deposit); 6—城市(city) |
大喜营子矿床位于辽宁省阜新市, 矿体产于三叠纪花岗岩中, 主要由黑云母花岗岩、钠长石花岗岩和天河石花岗伟晶岩组成, 垂直方向上具有明显的岩相分带特征. 岩石主要发生钠长石化、萤石化、硅化、绿泥石化等蚀变作用. 含Rb和Be的矿石矿物为天河石和绿柱石, 主要赋存于天河石花岗伟晶岩中(图 2), 属花岗伟晶岩型矿床. 槽探工程揭露, 花岗伟晶岩中Rb2O品位为0.10%~0.13%, 平均品位0.12%. 从黑云母花岗岩和钠长石花岗岩中获得的黑云母40Ar/39Ar年龄分别为223.27±2.39 Ma和223.37±2.45 Ma, 两者年龄一致, 认为是该矿床的成岩成矿年龄.
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图 2 大喜营子天河石花岗伟晶岩标本 Fig.2 Specimens of Daxiyingzi amazonite granite pegmatite Ab—钠长石(albite); Amz—天河石(amazonite); Brl—绿柱石(beryl); Bt—黑云母(biotite); Qtz—石英(quartz) |
大喜营子含矿花岗岩A/CNK比值较高(1.01~1.11), 属过铝质岩石, 含有较高的SiO2(74.68%~79.42%)、全碱(K2O+Na2O, 7.89%~9.49%)、Li(64.0×10-6~300×10-6)、Be(6.85×10-6~10.95×10-6)、Nb(38.2×10-6~144×10-6)、Ta(12.6×10-6~109×10-6)、Rb(60.8×10-6~1426×10-6)含量, 亏损Eu、Ba、Sr、P、Ti, 富集Rb、Th、Nb、Ta、Nd、Hf, 表明该花岗岩为高分异I型花岗岩. Nd-Pb同位素组成εNd(t)=-2.5 ~ -4.1, TDM2=1 320~1 202 Ma, 表明它们来源于中新元古界基底的高温部分熔融, 并有幔源岩浆注入.
3 岩浆演化与矿化过程云母是稀有金属矿床中最常见的造岩矿物, 并且成分变化较大. 大量的电子探针分析结果显示, 大喜营子含矿花岗岩中云母主要包括黑鳞云母、白云母、多硅白云母和锂云母, 并且随着岩浆演化趋势, 从黑鳞云母→白云母→锂云母, 云母的F和Rb2O含量均显示升高趋势, 这也与岩相的垂向分带变化相对应. 大喜营子矿床中黑云母花岗岩几乎没有Rb-Be矿化; 钠长石花岗岩中开始出现白云母, 并有少量Rb-Be矿化; Rb-Be矿化广泛发育在天河石花岗伟晶岩中, 云母中F、Li2O和Rb2O含量较高(图 3). 大喜营子含矿花岗岩来源于同一个岩浆房, 代表了完整的岩浆热液演化序列, 逐步演化成富Rb-Be的天河石花岗伟晶岩.
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图 3 大喜营子花岗岩岩相及矿化垂向分带剖面图(据文献[22]) Fig.3 Lithofacies and vertical mineralization zoning profile of Daxiyingzi granites (From Reference [22]) 1—花岗岩(granite); 2—花岗伟晶岩(granitic pegmatite); 3—伟晶岩脉(pegmatite vein); 4—云母中F含量升高(increased F content in mica); 5—天河石(amazonite); 6—黑云母(biotite); 7—绿柱石(beryl); 8—白云母(muscovite); 9—萤石(fluorite); 10—锂云母(lepidolite) |
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