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  地质与资源 2022, Vol. 31 Issue (2): 131-140  
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张德军, 郑月娟, 张海华, 黄欣, 张健, 陈树旺, 李雨柯. 松辽盆地北部黑富地1井晚二叠世孢粉组合特征及意义[J]. 地质与资源, 2022, 31(2): 131-140.  
ZHANG De-jun, ZHENG Yue-juan, ZHANG Hai-hua, HUANG Xin, ZHANG Jian, CHEN Shu-wang, LI Yu-ke. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LATE PERMIAN SPOROPOLLEN ASSEMBLAGES FROM HFD1 WELL IN NORTHERN SONGLIAO BASIN: Geological Implication[J]. Geology and Resources, 2022, 31(2): 131-140.  

松辽盆地北部黑富地1井晚二叠世孢粉组合特征及意义
张德军1,2 , 郑月娟1 , 张海华1 , 黄欣1 , 张健1 , 陈树旺1 , 李雨柯3     
1. 中国地质调查局 沈阳地质调查中心,辽宁 沈阳 110034;
2. 中国地质科学院地质研究所/自然资源部地层与古生物重点实验室,北京 100037;
3. 中国地质调查局 牡丹江自然资源综合调查中心,黑龙江 牡丹江 157000
摘要:首次在松辽盆地北部黑富地1井上二叠统四站板岩组采获孢粉化石,称为Protohaploxypinus fertilis-Piceaepollenites opimus-Alisporites communis组合,该组合裸子植物花粉占绝对优势地位,蕨类植物孢子含量低且属种贫乏. 裸子植物花粉以无肋双囊粉含量最多,其次为具肋双囊粉,单气囊花粉含量较少,可与新疆北部准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地晚二叠世和大兴安岭地区林西组孢粉组合对比,时代为晚二叠世. 孢粉化石赋存井段岩性组合特征与林西组相似,因此松辽盆地西部大兴安岭地区的林西组可引入松辽盆地内, 原四站板岩组改称林西组.
关键词孢粉化石    黑富地1井    上二叠统    林西组    松辽盆地    
中图分类号:Q913.84            文献标志码:A            文章编号:1671-1947(2022)02-0131-10
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LATE PERMIAN SPOROPOLLEN ASSEMBLAGES FROM HFD1 WELL IN NORTHERN SONGLIAO BASIN: Geological Implication
ZHANG De-jun1,2 , ZHENG Yue-juan1 , ZHANG Hai-hua1 , HUANG Xin1 , ZHANG Jian1 , CHEN Shu-wang1 , LI Yu-ke3     
1. Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, China;
2. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences/Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100037, China;
3. Mudanjiang Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center, CGS, Mudanjiang 157000, Heilongjiang Province, China
Abstract: The sporopollen assemblage of Protohaploxypinus-Piceaepollenites Opimus-Alisporites Communis, collected for the first time in the Upper Permian Sizhanbanyan Formation from HFD1 well in northern Songliao Basin, is dominated by the pollen of gymnosperms, while pteridophytes are characterized by low spore content and poor species. Of the pollen contents of gymnosperms, non-striate bisaccate pollen is the highest, followed by striate bisaccate pollen, with less monosaccate pollen, which are comparable with the sporopollen assemblages of the Late Permian in Junggar and Tarim basins in Xinjiang and the Linxi Formation in Daxinganling Mountains, indicating the age is also Late Permian. As the lithologic characteristics of the strata with sporopollen assemblages are similar to those of Linxi Formation, the Linxi Formation of Daxinganling Mountains on the west of Songliao Basin can be introduced to replace the former Sizhanbanyan Formation.
Key words: sporopollen fossil    HFD1 well    Upper Permian    Linxi Formation    Songliao Basin    

0 前言

东北地区在大地构造位置上归属于兴蒙造山带(中亚造山带)东段,长期以来被认为是研究古亚洲洋最后消亡的关键地段,因此华北板块与西伯利亚板块的最终缝合位置、拼贴时代一直是东北地区基础地质研究中争论的焦点问题之一. 目前多数学者倾向认为西拉木伦河-长春-延吉断裂带是两大板块的最后缝合带,但对最终拼合的时间仍存在分歧,通过对岩浆活动、古地磁、古生物地理区系等多学科的研究,有些学者倾向于最终拼合的时间为晚二叠世[1-2],大多数学者则认为最终拼合的时间为二叠纪末—早三叠世[3-7]及早中三叠世[8-10]. 除了上述研究领域外,研究区二叠纪—三叠纪地层的发育特征也是板块碰撞的重要判别标志.

近年来,针对松辽盆地及外围晚古生代地层先后开展了一系列油气地质调查项目,结果表明:松辽盆地外围晚古生代地层大部分仍未变质[11-13];上二叠统林西组发育有巨厚的暗色泥页岩,具有较好的页岩气资源前景[14-16];松辽盆地深部石炭系—二叠系中发现了天然气藏显示[17-19]. 对松辽盆地及外围晚二叠世—早三叠世地层发育特征的研究是其晚古生代油气资源调查与勘探的重要基础.

上二叠统是松辽盆地外围最发育的晚古生代地层之一,广泛分布于大兴安岭、小兴安岭北部及哈尔滨东部、吉林中部,分别称林西组、红山组和杨家沟组,分布于松辽盆地内部的称为四站板岩组. 分布于松辽盆地西部大兴安岭地区的林西组因处于特殊的大地构造位置,其形成的构造环境,与华北与西伯利亚两大板块最终对接缝合的位置与时代密切相关,长期以来一直受到地质学家关注. 林西组中赋含双壳、叶肢介、介形虫、植物及孢粉化石,不同研究者分别对林西组化石组合特征及时代、生物古地理特征等进行了研究和探讨[20-27],认为其时代为晚二叠世,其中植物Comia-Callipteris-Iniopteris组合也分布于红山组和杨家沟组,因此林西组、红山组、杨家沟组可相互对比[28].

相比之下,因客观条件的限制,松辽盆地内部晚古生代地层研究程度较低,目前能确认的主要为二叠系,前人将其自下而上划分为:下二叠统杜尔伯特板岩组、中二叠统一心组、上二叠统林甸蚀变火山岩组和四站板岩组,但仅在杜101井发现可以确定时代的海相动物化石群,并据此建立了中二叠世一心组[29],其他3个组均非正式的岩石地层单位. 万传彪等[30]根据杜101井测井资料将杜尔伯特板岩组和一心组统一称为哲斯组,将哲斯组引入松辽盆地,认为其可与松辽盆地西部的哲斯组及东部的土门岭组对比. 虽然钻遇上二叠统四站板岩组的钻孔很多,但未发现任何化石,只根据岩性组合与盆地周缘林西组及红山组大致对比.

近年来,中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心在松辽盆地西缘开展油气基础地质调查工作,以上二叠统林西组为主要目的层实施了多口地质调查井,在位于松辽盆地北部的黑富地1井上二叠统四站板岩组中发现晚二叠世孢粉化石,这一发现为进一步完善东北地区晚古生代地层划分对比格架,研究东北地区构造演化以及松辽盆地及外围晚古生代油气基础地质调查提供了基础资料.

1 样品采集及分析方法

黑富地1井位于松辽盆地北部黑龙江省富裕县境内,构造位置位于松辽盆地西斜坡区(图 1),设计井深2000 m,完钻深度2089.4 m. 依据古生物化石、岩性、地震解译和电性特征等资料,参考区域地层发育情况,暂将黑富地1钻遇地层自下而上划分为:上二叠统林西组、下白垩统泉头组、上白垩统第四系. 林西组(2089.4~1386.42 m)上部为灰黑色粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩夹灰色砂岩、粉砂岩、紫灰色泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩,局部夹凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩等;下部以红柱石板岩、绢云母板岩为主,夹有灰黑色粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、灰色粉砂岩、砂岩及少量硅质岩、灰岩等. 泉头组(1386.42~1181.8 m)为一套杂色、暗红色砂砾岩沉积,底部以灰紫色细砾岩与下伏地层(林西组)呈不整合接触,在1338.9 m、1381.1 m处采获大量孢粉化石,时代为早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世早期(另文报道). 1181.8~202.4 m为上白垩统,202.4~0 m为第四系松散砂砾层.

图 1 松辽盆地北部黑富地1井位置图(修改自文献[31]) Fig.1 Location map of HFD1 well in northern Songliao Basin (Modified from Reference [31]) 1—盆地边界(basin boundary);2—一级构造界线(first-order tectonic boundary);3—钻孔及编号(borehole and number)

笔者在黑富地1井1386.42~2020.5 m井段共采集38件样品,其中25件样品中发现孢粉化石,1515~2020.5 m井段共计19件样品发现了较多的孢粉化石. 孢粉化石分析使用盐酸和氢氟酸分别除去钙质和硅质,使用OlympusBX51生物显微镜观察鉴定化石. 化石分析和鉴定由吉林大学古生物学与地层学研究中心孢粉试验室完成. 采样剖面具体层序如下.

上覆地层:泉头组(K1q)灰紫色细砾岩

        ----------不整合--------

上二叠统林西组(P3l

54. 灰黑色粉砂质泥岩夹灰黑色粉砂岩,见灰黑色闪长玢岩脉    15.80 m

53. 灰白色凝灰岩夹灰黑色泥质粉砂岩    6.71 m

52. 黑色泥质粉砂岩夹灰黑色粉砂岩,含孢粉化石:Leiotriletes sp.,Cedripites sp.,Piceaepollenites opimus     12.47 m

51. 灰色粉砂岩    5.30 m

50.灰黑色长石砂岩夹灰黑色泥质粉砂岩及粉砂质泥岩,含孢粉化石:Cyclogranisporites sp.,Podocarpidites sp.    9.70 m

49. 灰黑色泥质粉砂岩夹灰色粉砂岩,见灰黑色闪长玢岩脉    18.00 m

48. 灰绿色凝灰质粉砂岩    3.20 m

47. 灰黑色粉砂质泥岩夹灰黑色粉砂岩、碳质泥岩,见灰色正长斑岩,含孢粉化石:Cedripites sp.,Podocarpidites sp.,Klausipollenites sp.    36.60 m

46. 灰色凝灰质粉砂岩夹灰黑色泥质粉砂岩,多处见灰色闪长玢岩    5.88 m

45. 紫灰色粉砂岩    2.32 m

44. 灰黑色粉砂岩与同色粉砂质泥岩互层. 含孢粉化石:Cyclogranisporites sp.,Alisporites communisKlausipollenites schaubergeriPityosporites sp.,Protohaploxypinus expletusP. fertilisP. sp.,Cordaitina sp.,Parvisaccites sp.,Cedripites permirus     13.60 m

43. 紫灰色泥质粉砂岩夹灰黑色粉砂岩    4.40 m

42. 灰黑色泥质粉砂岩与灰黑色粉砂质泥岩互层,局部夹灰色粉砂岩,见灰色正常斑岩脉,含孢粉化石:Cyclogranisporites sp.,Alisporites communisProtohaploxypinus fertilis    27.72 m

41. 黑色粉砂岩,含孢粉化石:Protohaploxypinus fertilisP. bellus    4.58 m

40. 深灰色泥质粉砂岩    0.98 m

39. 灰色凝灰岩    1.02 m

38. 灰黑色泥质粉砂岩夹黑色粉砂质泥岩及少量灰色岩屑长石砂岩,见灰色细晶岩脉,含孢粉化石:Cyclogranisporites sp.,Dictyotriletes sp.,Piceaepollenites sp.,Protohaploxypinus fertiZonalasporites delicatus    10.10 m

37. 紫灰色泥质粉砂岩夹同色粉砂质泥岩、粉砂岩及少量灰色粉砂质泥岩,见灰色闪长玢岩    27.5 m

36. 灰色、绿灰色粉砂岩    6.00 m

35. 紫灰色泥质粉砂岩夹绿灰色泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩    21.10 m

34. 深灰色泥质粉砂岩    9.00 m

33. 深灰色细砂岩    8.23 m

32. 灰黑色泥质粉砂岩夹灰黑色粉砂岩和灰白色凝灰岩,含孢粉化石:Piceaepollenites opimusFalcisporites sublevis     6.77 m

31. 灰黑色泥板岩    3.00 m

30. 黑色红柱石板岩夹少量黑色板岩,见大量灰色细晶岩脉,含孢粉化石:Cyclogranisporites sp.,Alisporites communisKlausipollenites sp.,Platysaccus papilionisP. sp.,Piceaepollenites opimusPi. sp.,Abiespollenites sp.,Falcisporites sublevisF. nuthallensisVestigisporites sp.,Parcisporites scabratusVoltziaceaesporites xinjiangensisProtohaploxypinus fertilisPr. sp.,Hamiapollenites indistinctus,H. sp.,Vittatina sp.,Florinites luberaePotonieisporites stenolomusPo. sp.,Divarisaccus cinctusSamoilovitchisaccites sp.,Crucisaccites variosulcatusZonalasporites delicatus    75.87 m

29. 灰黑色泥板岩    2.13 m

28. 灰黑色粉砂岩    1.58 m

27. 灰色长石细砂岩与灰色粉砂质泥岩互层    1.42 m

26. 灰黑色粉砂质泥岩夹灰色粉细砂岩,见少量灰色正长斑岩脉    9.40 m

25. 灰色粉砂岩夹同色泥质粉砂岩    8.60 m

24. 灰色泥质粉砂岩    8.10 m

23. 灰黑色粉砂质泥岩    1.15 m

22. 灰色岩屑长石粗砂岩    0.55 m

21. 灰色粉砂岩夹灰色长石细砂岩    2.20 m

20. 灰黑色粉砂岩、细砂岩    6.00 m

19. 灰色硅质岩    5.20 m

18. 灰黑色粉砂质泥岩    2.62 m

17. 灰黑色绢云母板岩,见大量灰色闪长玢岩脉,含孢粉化石:Cyclogranisporites sp.,Calamospora liquidaAlisporites communisPlatysaccus sp.,Piceaepollenites opimusP. sp.,Cedripites cf. pensilisAbiespollenites sp.,Pityosporites sp.,Vesicaspora acriferaV. expositaFalcisporites sublevisProtohaploxypinus fertilisPr. sp.,Hamiapollenites sp.,Striatoabieites pachydermusStriatopodocarpites sp.,Potonieisporites stenolomusPo. sp.,Triangulisaccites boleensis    53.78 m

16. 灰色泥岩    2.90 m

15. 灰黑色粉砂质泥岩,下部夹有灰色粉砂岩,见灰黑色闪长玢岩    7.75 m

14. 深灰色粉砂岩,见灰色正长斑岩脉    5.55 m

13. 灰色长石中细砂岩、灰黑色长石砂岩    3.20 m

12. 灰色长石粉细砂岩夹灰黑色粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩,见灰黑色闪长玢岩脉    12.35 m

11. 灰黑色粉砂岩    6.27 m

10. 灰黑色绢云母板岩,见少量灰色闪长玢岩脉    29.98 m

9. 灰色灰岩    1.00 m

8. 黑色绢云母板岩    5.80 m

7. 黑色板岩    4.60 m

6. 黑色绢云母板岩    19.50 m

5. 深灰色粉砂岩,上部夹黑色泥板岩,见灰色正长斑岩脉    19.50 m

4. 绿灰色长石细砂岩,下部见灰色正长斑岩脉    10.18 m

3. 灰色粉砂岩夹少量灰黑色泥板岩,见大量灰色正长斑岩    17.12 m

2. 灰黑色粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩夹同色细砂岩    8.40 m

1. 黑色绢云母板岩夹灰黑色粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩,见灰黑色闪长玢岩,含孢粉化石:Striatoabieites sp.,Lunatisporites sp.,Potonieisporites sp.     110.40 m

2 孢粉化石组合特征

如上文所述,1515~2020.5 m井段发现了较多的孢粉化石,共鉴定出蕨类植物孢子3属3种,裸子植物花粉26属38种(图 2). 蕨类植物孢子有Cyclogranisporites sp.,Calamospora liquidaDictyotriletes sp. 无肋双气囊花粉有:Alisporites communisKlausipollenites schaubergeriK. sp.,Platysaccus papilionisP. sp.,Piceaepollenites opimusPi. sp.,Cedripites cf. PensilisAbiespollenites sp.,Pityosporites sp.,Vesicaspora acriferaV. expositaFalcisporites sublevisF. nuthallensisVestigisporites sp.,Parcisporites scabratusVoltziaceaesporites xinjiangensis;具肋双气囊花粉有:Protohaploxypinus expletusP. fertilisP. bellusP. sp.,Hamiapollenites indistinctusH. sp.,Striatoabieites pachydermusS. sp.,Striatopodocarpites sp.,Vittatina sp.,Lunatisporites sp.;单气囊花粉有Cordaitina sp.,Florinites luberaePotonieisporites stenolomusP. sp.,Divarisaccus cinctusSamoilovitchisaccites sp.,Crucisaccites variosulcatus,另有分类位置不明的花粉Zonalasporites delicatusZ. rugoverrucatusTriangulisaccites boleensis. 化石在井中的分布如表 1(扫描首页OSID二维码可见).

图 2 黑富地1井林西组孢粉化石 Fig.2 Microphotographs of sporopollen fossils from the Upper Permian Linxi Formation in HFD1 well 1—Alisporites communis,样品号:HFD1-25;2—Piceaepollenites opimus,样品号:HFD1-67;3—Piceaepollenites sp.,样品号:HFD1-33;4—Platysaccus papilionis,样品号:HFD1-43;5—Vesicaspora acrifera,样品号:HFD1-67;6—Klausipollenites schaubergeri,样品号:HFD1-25;7—Falcisporites sublevis,样品号:HFD1-43;8—Vittatina sp.,样品号:HFD1-49;9—Protohaploxypinus fertilis,样品号:HFD1-25;10—Protohaploxypinus sp.,样品号:HFD1-43;11—Lunatisporites sp.,样品号:HFD1-83;12—Hamiapollenites indistinctus,样品号:HFD1-43;13—Hamiapollenites sp.,样品号:HFD1-47;14—Cordaitina sp.,样品号:HFD1-25;15—Potonieisporites stenolomus,样品号:HFD1-65;16—Potonieisporites sp.,样品号:HFD1-67;17—Divarisaccus cinctus,样品号:HFD1-53;18—Crucisaccites variosulcatus,样品号:HFD1-45;19—Florinites luberae,样品号:HFD1-53(孢粉化石保存在吉林大学地层古生物学与地层学研究中心)

根据出现的重要分子的数量,称为Protohaploxypinus fertilis-Piceaepollenites opimus-Alisporites communis组合,组合特征如下:

1)裸子植物花粉占绝对优势地位(86.96%~100%),蕨类植物孢子较低(0~13.04%),且属种贫乏.

2)裸子植物花粉以无肋双囊粉含量最多(17.39%~66.67%),其次为具肋双囊粉(16.67%~60.87%),单气囊花粉含量较少(8.33%~18.18%). 含量最高的是Protohaploxypinus fertilisP. sp.,Piceaepollenites opimusPi. sp.,Potonieisporites sp.,Alisporites communisAbiespollenites sp.,Platysaccus sp.,Falcisporites sublevis,其次是Hamiapollenites sp.,Vesicaspora acriferaParcisporites scabratus,零星出现的有Pityosporites sp.,Klausipollenites schaubergeriK. sp.,Platysaccus papilionisFalcisporites nuthallensisVesicaspora expositaVestigisporites sp.,Cedripites cf. pensilisVoltziaceaesporites xinjiangensisProtohaploxypinus expletusP. bellusHamiapollenites indistinctusStriatoabieites pachydermusS. sp.,Striatopodocarpites sp.,Lunatisporites sp.,Vittatina sp.,Florinites luberaeCordaitina sp.,Potonieisporites stenolomusSamoilovitchisaccites sp.,Divarisaccus cinctusCrucisaccites variosulcatusZonalasporites delicatusZ. rugoverrucatusTriangulisaccites boleensis等.

3)蕨类植物孢子均为无环三缝孢,以Cyclogranisporites sp.占绝对优势,Calamospora sp. 和Dictyotriletes sp. 零星出现.

3 孢粉组合时代分析

该孢粉组合含有丰富的具肋纹和无肋纹的双囊粉,这是上二叠统常见的特征. 另外,发现了很多二叠纪常见的孢粉化石属种. 含量最高的Protohaploxypinus是晚二叠世的重要分子[32],在准噶尔盆地二叠系—三叠系、陕甘宁盆地南部下二叠统、山东北部上石盒子组、澳大利亚昆士兰Bowen盆地二叠系—三叠系中都有不同程度的分布[33]. 含量次之的PiceaepollenitesPotonieisporites在新疆皮山杜瓦普司格组晚二叠世地层中有较高的含量[34],塔里木西南晚二叠世杜瓦组的孢粉组合甚至被命名为Piceaepollenites-Gardenasporites组合[35]Piceaepollenites opimus曾见于新疆空谷阶金沟组及华北东濮长兴阶—印度阶[36-37]Potonieisporites stenolomus见于新疆平地泉组[37]. Alisporites communis见于新疆[37-38],内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗[25]、巴林右旗[39]、林西[40],贵州威宁[41]等地乐平统—下三叠统底部. HamiapollenitesCordaitinaFlorinites luberaeKlausipollenites schaubergeriPlatysaccus papilionisVittatina等也为二叠纪常见属种[33, 42-47]. Hamiapollenites indistinctus见于新疆地区上二叠统[37, 48]. Divarisaccus属模式种产于印度二叠纪地层中,Divarisaccu scinctus见于新疆、贵州北部的二叠系中[37, 49],在内蒙古阿荣旗见于上二叠统林西组[50]. Crucisaccites variosulcatus见于新疆[37-38]、甘肃永昌和肃南[51]、内蒙古巴林右旗[39]二叠系—三叠系初期. Falcisporites分布在二叠系,新疆北部见于吉木萨尔县三台大龙口泉子街组—锅底坑组,伊宁县潘吉木的铁木里克组,吉木萨尔县沙丘河-帐篷沟井区的平地泉组,韭菜园组底部也有该属化石存在[52],在田杜瓦地区晚二叠世晚期地层中(梧桐沟组)亦有分布[43],另外该属也见于大兴安岭地区林西组[25]和幸福之路组[39].

除了特征分子外,当前孢粉组合还可与新疆准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地及华北等地晚二叠世孢粉组合对比. 如与准噶尔盆地锅底坑组中下部、梧桐沟组相同的分子有20个属种:CyclogranisporitesCalamosporaDictyotriletesAlisporites communisKlausipollenites schaubergeriPlatysaccus papilionisPiceaepollenitesVestigisporitesProtohaploxypinusHamiapollenitesStriatoabieitesFlorinites luberaePotonieisporitesCedripites cf. pensilisVesicasporaFalcisporites nuthallensisCrucisaccites variosulcatusCordaitinaStriatopodocarpitesSamoilovitchisaccites [37, 44-45];与新疆和田杜瓦晚二叠世梧桐沟组相同的属种有:CalamosporaAlisporitesKlausipollenites schaubergeriPlatysaccus papilionisAbiespollenitesVesicasporaFalcisporitesProtohaploxypinusHamiapollenitesStriatoabieitesStriatopodocarpitesVittatinaCordaitinaFlorinitesPotonieisporites [43];新疆皮山杜瓦晚二叠世普司格组最上部主要孢粉化石有16个属,其中12个属见于当前孢粉组合中:CyclogranisporitesPotonieisporitesProtohaploxypinusVittatinaVesicasporaCordaitinaCrucisaccitesPiceaepollenitesAlisporitesStriatopodocarpitesHamiapollenitesVestigisporites [34];新疆三塘湖盆地晚二叠世芦草沟组占主导地位的6个属种全部出现在当前组合中,具体为CordaitinaHamipollenitesProtohaploxypinusStriatopodocarpitesAlisporitesStriatoabieites,其他相同的属种为CalamosporaCyclogranisporitesPlatysaccus papilionisCrucisaccitesFlorinitesVittatina [33]. 与山西柳林晚二叠世晚期孙家沟组相同的属种为CalamosporaCyclogranisporitesCordaitinaFlorinitesPotonieisporitesAlisporitesKlausipollenites schaubergeriPlatysaccus papilionisFalcisporitesPityosporitesVestigisporitesProtohaploxypinusStriatopodocarpitesStriatoabieitesVittatina [53].

近年来,松辽盆地外围晚二叠世林西组也发现孢粉化石[25-26],其中一些常见于晚二叠世的分子,如CalamosporaCyclogranisporitesVesicasporaKlausipollenites schaubergeriPlatysaccus papilionisPiceaepollenitesFalcisporites sublevisVittatinaProtohaploxypinusFlorinites luberaeCordaitinaPotonieisporitesVestigisporitesAlisporites communis也见于当前孢粉组合中. 当前孢粉组合与突泉盆地突D2井林西组孢粉化石也具有一定的可比性,相同的属种有:CyclogranisporitesAlisporites communisKlausipollenites schaubergeriPityosporitesHamiapollenites indistinctusLunatisporitesDivarisaccus cinctusPiceaepollenites opimusSamoilovitchisaccites [54-55].

综上所述,当前孢粉组合的时代应为晚二叠世,且与新疆北部晚二叠世孢粉组合关系较为密切.

4 地层区域对比及意义

松辽盆地是中国陆相生油盆地的典型代表,白垩纪地层非常发育,但对白垩系之下地层的研究还较薄弱. 随着松辽盆地深部针对晚古生代地层的石油地质综合研究和勘探力度持续加大[56-57],数十口井钻遇了晚古生代地层,但地层划分对比一直缺乏有效手段,依靠岩性和地震解译很难建立可靠的晚古生代地层系统,杜101井二叠纪海相动物化石的发现,为松辽盆地深层中二叠世地层与盆地周缘的对比提供了可信的依据,大兴安岭地区的哲斯组可引入盆地内,将原杜尔伯特板岩组及一心组统称为哲斯组,但晚二叠世地层的对比一直没有确切的时代依据.

松辽盆地西部大兴安岭地区上二叠统林西组非常发育,研究程度也相对较高,含有双壳、叶肢介、介形虫、植物、孢粉等多门类化石,尤其是多地发现具有明确时代意义的饱粉化石[25-26, 40, 54, 58],在黑富地1井1515~2020.5 m井段发现的孢粉化石组合特征与盆地西部林西组孢粉组合有可比性,含孢粉化石井段的岩性主要为灰色、灰黑色粉砂岩和黑色泥岩,局部夹凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩,与盆地周边晚二叠世地层岩性相符,因此笔者将大兴安岭地区晚二叠世林西组引入盆地内代替原四站板岩组,将赋含化石井段地层划为林西组.

松辽盆地处于西伯利亚板块、华北板块和太平洋板块挟持的构造复合交切部位,是一个动力学背景十分复杂的盆地,从目前研究情况看,盆地内中晚二叠世地层均可以与盆地周缘对比,说明二叠纪时期包括松辽盆地在内的整个东北地区处于相同的构造背景之下,具有相同的沉积演化历史,推测松辽盆地外围广泛分布的晚二叠世林西组巨厚暗色泥岩,在松辽盆地内部同样分布广泛,有望成为重要的油气勘探层系.

5 结论

1)黑富地1井1515~2020.5 m井段发现的孢粉化石组合以裸子植物花粉占绝对优势地位,蕨类植物孢子较低,且属种贫乏. 裸子植物花粉以无肋双囊粉含量最多,其次为具肋双囊粉,单气囊花粉含量较少,该孢粉组合的时代为晚二叠世,与新疆北部晚二叠世孢粉组合关系密切.

2)黑富地1井1515~2020.5 m井段地层的岩性和孢粉化石特征,可与松辽盆地西部大兴安岭地区林西组对比,因此将林西组引入盆地内,代替前人的“四站板岩组”.

3)中晚二叠纪时期松辽盆地与东部大兴安岭地区沉积环境相同,地层可以相互对比.

致谢: 孢粉化石由吉林大学地层古生物学与地层学研究中心张淑芹研究员分析鉴定,审稿专家提出了宝贵的修改意见,在此一并表示衷心的感谢.

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